Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption (Eczema Herpeticum)

A disseminated vesicular-pustular eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus (HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS), the VACCINIA VIRUS, or Varicella zoster (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It is usually superimposed on a preexisting, inactive or active, atopic dermatitis (DERMATITIS, ATOPIC).

Also Known As:

Networked: 182 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
3.	Herpes Genitalis (Genital Herpes)
4.	Job Syndrome (Hyper-IgE Syndrome)
5.	Vaccinia

Experts

1.	Leung, Donald Y M: 14 articles (01/2021 - 02/2004)
2.	Beck, Lisa A: 8 articles (06/2019 - 08/2009)
3.	Streib, Joanne E: 5 articles (01/2018 - 02/2004)
4.	Barnes, Kathleen C: 5 articles (12/2015 - 08/2009)
5.	Boguniewicz, Mark: 5 articles (03/2012 - 04/2006)
6.	Bin, Lianghua: 4 articles (01/2018 - 02/2011)
7.	Beaty, Terri H: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
8.	Gao, Li: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
9.	Hanifin, Jon M: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)
10.	Rafaels, Nicholas M: 4 articles (12/2015 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Concentration and kinetic studies of intravenous acyclovir in serum and breast milk of a patient with eczema herpeticum." 08/29/1988 - "Clinical efficacy and safety of oral acyclovir for the treatment of eczema herpeticum were evaluated in 69 patients in a multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. " 03/01/2020 - "The case was further complicated by the occurrence of eczema herpeticum, which was successfully treated with acyclovir. " 12/01/2011 - "Delay of acyclovir initiation is associated with increased LOS in hospitalized children with eczema herpeticum. " 12/01/2011 - "To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum and to determine the association with delayed acyclovir on outcomes. "
2.	dupilumabIBA 01/01/2018 - "Dupilumab is associated with a decreased incidence of skin infections and eczema herpeticum in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. " 01/01/2018 - "Meta-analysis including all dosing schedules and follow-up times showed a RR of skin infection of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.42-0.70) and an odds ratio of eczema herpeticum of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.14-0.84) for dupilumab compared with placebo. " 08/01/2023 - "Efficacy of Dupilumab in Treating Atopic Dermatitis With Recurrent Eczema Herpeticum in a Patient With DOCK8-Deficiency Hyper-IgE Syndrome: A Case Report." 12/01/2023 - "Eczema herpeticum and herpetic keratitis after the loading dose of dupilumab in a worsening atopic dermatitis: causality?" 06/01/2019 - "Although herpesviral infection rates overall were slightly higher with dupilumab than placebo, clinically important herpesviral infections (eczema herpeticum, herpes zoster) were less common with dupilumab (risk ratio 0.31; p < 0.01). "
3.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2011 - "We hoped to identify new biomarkers for improved diagnosis and prediction of eczema herpeticum and S. " 05/01/2018 - "Previous work from our laboratories utilized a novel skin taping method and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to discover clinical biomarkers of skin conditions; these included atopic dermatitis, Staphylococcus aureus colonization, and eczema herpeticum. " 11/01/2015 - "Exaggerated IDO1 expression and activity in Langerhans cells from patients with atopic dermatitis upon viral stimulation: a potential predictive biomarker for high risk of Eczema herpeticum." 01/01/2023 - "Promising biomarkers include specific-IgE and/or skin prick tests predicting the development of asthma, and genetic polymorphisms predicting the occurrence of eczema herpeticum. "
4.	Interleukin-4 (Interleukin 4)IBA 12/01/1995 - "Revisit to Kaposi's varicelliform eruption: role of IL-4." 08/01/2023 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, was used to successfully induce remission of chronic, disseminated eczema herpeticum in a six-year-old girl who has DOCK8-deficiency hyper-IgE syndrome. " 01/01/2018 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, appears to significantly decrease the risk for skin infections and eczema herpeticum in adults with moderate-to-severe AD."
5.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2011 - "Using a small animal model of eczema vaccinatum, we demonstrated that both murine and fully human monoclonal antibodies effectively limited eczema vaccinatum disease, foreshortening both the disease kinetics and the severity of the erosive viral skin lesions. " 01/01/2011 - "Protective murine and human monoclonal antibodies against eczema vaccinatum." 01/01/2011 - "Monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing vaccinia virus, anti-H3 and anti-B5, were developed as a potential therapy for treatment of human eczema vaccinatum. " 08/01/2023 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, was used to successfully induce remission of chronic, disseminated eczema herpeticum in a six-year-old girl who has DOCK8-deficiency hyper-IgE syndrome. " 01/01/2018 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, appears to significantly decrease the risk for skin infections and eczema herpeticum in adults with moderate-to-severe AD."
6.	Interleukin-13IBA 08/01/2023 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, was used to successfully induce remission of chronic, disseminated eczema herpeticum in a six-year-old girl who has DOCK8-deficiency hyper-IgE syndrome. " 01/01/2018 - "Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, appears to significantly decrease the risk for skin infections and eczema herpeticum in adults with moderate-to-severe AD."
7.	Valacyclovir (Valtrex)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2016 - "The diagnosis of eczema herpeticum was made according to the clinical features and further confirmed by the findings of herpes simplex virus type 2. The infant was cured by oral treatment with valacyclovir. " 07/01/2016 - "Oral valacyclovir may be an effective and convenient treatment option for pediatric outpatients with eczema herpeticum." 07/01/2016 - "Oral treatment with valacyclovir for HSV-2-associated eczema herpeticum in a 9-month-old infant: A case report." 02/01/2012 - "Recurrent Kaposi's varicelliform eruption successfully controlled by low-dose oral valaciclovir."
8.	pimecrolimus (Elidel)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "Considering all 1098 infants treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream in DB trials and open-label studies, the ID rate of clinically diagnosed eczema herpeticum was 1.3 cases per 1000 patient-months of follow-up monitoring. " 01/01/2005 - "Eczema herpeticum during treatment of atopic dermatitis with 1% pimecrolimus cream." 09/01/2007 - "Although clinical trials do not indicate an increased risk of cutaneous infection, the clinician must be careful about viral infections such as eczema herpeticum or molluscum eczema that can be observed during treatment with pimecrolimus and tacrolimus. "
9.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "Eczema herpeticum in a patient with atopicdermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus." 01/01/2000 - "Available data do not allow to link topical tacrolimus with an increased risk for eczema herpeticum, but they are insufficient to exclude an association. " 01/01/2000 - "We have observed 2 cases of eczema herpeticum among 36 patients with atopic dermatitis treated with a topical preparation containing 0.1% tacrolimus. " 01/01/2002 - "Relapsing Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and herpes simplex following facial tacrolimus treatment for atopic dermatitis." 05/01/2008 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption associated with the use of tacrolimus ointment in two neonates."
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/01/2023 - "Safety outcomes for topical corticosteroid use in eczema herpeticum: a single-centre retrospective cohort study." 03/01/2013 - "There is concern that the use of topical corticosteroids in patients with eczema herpeticum may facilitate dissemination of herpes simplex virus and worsen disease. " 10/01/2013 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) developed in the patient 1 week after initiation of systemic corticosteroids and immunotherapy. " 03/01/2013 - "Our primary aim therefore was to determine whether topical corticosteroid use in children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum is associated with longer hospital length of stay (LOS). " 03/01/2013 - "Topical corticosteroids and hospital length of stay in children with eczema herpeticum."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Contraindications 09/15/2004 - "Although controlled clinical trials do not exist to support the use of VIG for treatment of vaccinia-related complications or prophylaxis among individuals with contraindications to smallpox vaccination, available data suggest that VIG reduces morbidity and mortality associated with progressive vaccinia (vaccinia necrosum) and eczema vaccinatum. "
2.	Therapeutics 12/01/2018 - "Our human barrier-dysfunctional model will have future application for identifying the mechanism of Kaposi varicelliform eruption onset, preventive methods, and therapies." 01/01/2017 - "Unlike the severe manifestations of eczema vaccinatum in humans, current models present only mild symptoms that limits examination of potential therapeutics for eczema vaccinatum. " 07/01/2006 - "[Eczema herpeticum: Pathogenesis and therapy]." 05/01/1992 - "[Eczema herpeticum in children: clinical picture and therapy]." 06/01/2014 - "This case report is to present a complete recovery from Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) that occurred in a patient with atopic dermatitis by applying Korean Medicine therapies. "
3.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 04/01/1981 - "[Photodynamic therapy of eczema herpeticum]." 11/01/1977 - "[Photodynamic therapy of eczema herpeticum]." 07/01/1978 - "Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, caused by herpes simplex type 1, developed in a patient with mycosis fungoides four days after initiation of photochemotherapy with methoxsalen plus long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA). "
4.	Length of Stay 03/01/2013 - "Our primary aim therefore was to determine whether topical corticosteroid use in children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum is associated with longer hospital length of stay (LOS). " 03/01/2013 - "Topical corticosteroids and hospital length of stay in children with eczema herpeticum." 01/01/2020 - "Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old male who developed haemorrhagic crusted lesions on pre-existing pemphigus lesions during his hospital stay and obtained almost 90% resolution of cutaneous lesions of Pemphigus vulgaris as well as Kaposi varicelliform eruption within 2 weeks of acyclovir treatment along with the continuation of systemic steroids. "
5.	Skin Care 11/01/2018 - "It may be accompanied by growth retardation, keratoconjunctivitis, aural discharge, and eczema herpeticum and can be managed through skin care and topical steroid application without intravenous albumin infusion."