Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

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Networked: 10145 relevant articles (844 outcomes, 659 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Guillevin, Loïc: 29 articles (01/2021 - 04/2003)
2.	Pagnoux, Christian: 25 articles (01/2021 - 04/2003)
3.	Sandborn, William J: 20 articles (12/2021 - 12/2003)
4.	Cacoub, Patrice: 17 articles (01/2021 - 12/2007)
5.	Mouthon, Luc: 16 articles (08/2022 - 06/2005)
6.	Zeng, Xiaofeng: 14 articles (09/2022 - 09/2011)
7.	Yang, Yang: 14 articles (05/2022 - 12/2005)
8.	Saadoun, David: 14 articles (12/2020 - 11/2009)
9.	Terrier, Benjamin: 13 articles (08/2022 - 06/2011)
10.	Wang, Yu: 13 articles (04/2022 - 01/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Proteinuria 09/08/2023 - "The remission rate was significantly higher in the immunosuppressant group than in the conservative group, particularly in the subgroup of patients who were young or female, or those with heavy proteinuria loads or good renal function." 09/08/2023 - "The use of immunosuppressants was significantly more effective with respect to achieving a CR or PR at 12 months in patients from the total population who were aged <65 years or female, or who had a proteinuria level of ≥4.0 g/g or an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.05). " 09/01/2011 - "A total of 294 of these patients were prospectively treated with renin-angiotensin system blockade and immunosuppressants sequentially and were evaluated separately to assess the predictive value to therapeutic efficacy (defined as time-averaged proteinuria <1 g/d). " 08/01/2008 - "The other 44 children were nearly all in remission, 18 without treatment at follow-up, and the rest on various immunosuppressants, but one had persistent proteinuria and multiple segmental lesions. " 01/01/2023 - "For 50% reduction in 24 h proteinuria or UPCR, immunosuppressant was superior to placebo (RR: 2.71; 95%CI 1.16, 6.31) and RAS monotherapy (RR: 2.40; 95%CI 1.04, 5.55). "
2.	Infections 01/01/2022 - "Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is among the most relevant and widespread immunosuppressive agents, which can severely damage poultry farming by causing direct losses, predisposing the host to secondary diseases and reducing the efficacy of vaccination protocols against other infections. " 10/01/2005 - "Newer immunosuppressive agents have dramatically reduced the rates of acute graft rejection over the last decade but may have exacerbated the problem of post-transplant infections. " 03/01/2004 - "Newer immunosuppressive agents have dramatically reduced the rates of acute graft rejection (AR) over the last decade but may have exacerbated the problem of post-transplant infections (PTI). " 01/01/2002 - "Significant advances over the past 20 years in surgical technique, immunosuppressive agents, patient selection, and infection prophylaxis and treatment have led to improved patient and graft survival. " 09/01/2017 - "Surgical techniques have been revised and improved, diagnostic methods for identifying and preventing infections have been developed, and a more conservative use of immunosuppressive agents has resulted in better long-term posttransplant outcomes. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2005 - "Discontinuation of immunosuppressants following the diagnosis of KS caused complete remission of this cancer in almost all patients and seemed to be relatively safe for kidney graft function." 10/01/2020 - "The introduction of new and stronger immunosuppressive agents has significantly improved the overall survival rate of patients with transplanted organs; however, prolonged use of immunosuppressive agents has led to severe complications, such as the development of de novo malignant cancers. " 12/01/2020 - "Similarly, T cell cytotoxicity and the graft-versus-tumor effect were maintained as co-transplanted tumor cells were efficiently eradicated, indicating that the immunosuppressant RAPA might be an attractive approach to strengthen the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs without affecting T cell immunity." 12/31/2020 - "Tumor growth and survival requires a particularly effective immunosuppressant tumor microenvironment (TME) to escape destruction by the immune system. " 05/01/2001 - "Although broader use of immunosuppressive agents has allowed improvement in the maintenance of remission in patients with CD, long-term safety data with these agents are lacking, concerns about toxicity and the potential risk for neoplasia remain, and attenuation of response with chronic immunosuppressive use can occur. "
4.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease) 12/01/2022 - "Immunosuppressants represent an effective pharmacological treatment for the remission and management of Crohn's disease (CD); however, it has not been well-defined if these medications are associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications after intestinal surgery. " 10/01/2004 - "Moreover, aminosalicylates together with the immunosuppressants may be effective for the clinical management of concomitant Crohn's disease." 02/01/2015 - "Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis." 06/01/1990 - "In conclusion, this model may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism of T lymphocyte response in Crohn's disease and the variable clinical response seen with the use of immunosuppressive agents in this condition." 01/24/2018 - "Cerebrospinal fluid from five healthy volunteers, and from 10 patients with Crohn's disease previously treated with immunosuppressants, was evaluated to assess the feasibility of the study. "
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 11/01/2008 - "The armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents is constantly expanding and augurs well for the safe and effective treatment of ocular inflammation." 06/01/2020 - "If PG is identified, it is treated with topical or systemic immunosuppressants to reduce inflammation and induce remission. " 04/01/2015 - "A longer disease remission, previous less severe mucosal inflammation, and immunosuppressant use are associated with MH. " 04/01/2015 - "Independent factors for MH were clinical remission >3 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-13.1), mild/moderate mucosal inflammation (OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.5), and immunosuppressant use (OR 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5-14.6). " 07/01/2022 - "Dogs were retrospectively classified as food-responsive enteropathy, immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy, or nonresponsive enteropathy based on the presence of gastrointestinal histological inflammation and the treatment response. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
2.	Steroids
3.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
4.	Glucocorticoids
5.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)
6.	Azathioprine (Imuran)
7.	Mycophenolic Acid (Cellcept)
8.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
9.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
10.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Transplantation
3.	Plasma Exchange
4.	Kidney Transplantation
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)