Hypothyroidism

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8111 relevant articles (220 outcomes, 634 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA.

Also Known As:

Hypothyroidisms

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Endocrine System Diseases: 398

Thyroid Diseases: 3109

Hypothyroidism: 8111

Congenital Hypothyroidism: 935

Myxedema: 457

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperthyroidism
2.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)
3.	Thyroid Neoplasms (Thyroid Cancer)
4.	Goiter
5.	Thyroid Diseases (Thyroid Disease)

Experts

1.	Alzoubi, K H: 7 articles (10/2008 - 01/2005)
2.	Alkadhi, K A: 7 articles (10/2008 - 01/2005)
3.	Aleisa, A M: 6 articles (10/2008 - 01/2006)
4.	Laurberg, Peter: 6 articles (05/2008 - 03/2002)
5.	Wiersinga, W M: 5 articles (12/2007 - 02/2001)
6.	Meier, Christian: 5 articles (10/2003 - 07/2002)
7.	Perrild, Hans: 4 articles (08/2007 - 03/2002)
8.	Ovesen, Lars: 4 articles (08/2007 - 03/2002)
9.	Knudsen, Nils: 4 articles (08/2007 - 03/2002)
10.	Pohlenz, Joachim: 4 articles (05/2006 - 08/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypothyroidism:

1.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/05/1993 - "L-thyroxine but not desiccated pork thyroid preparation (Thyroideum-Polfa) appeared to be highly efficacious in the treatment of the primary as well as secondary hypothyroidism." 08/01/1982 - "Treatment with thyroxine resulted in a marked improvement of most of the clinical features of hypothyroidism and some improvement in cardiac function. " 10/01/2007 - "However, the subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism showed a significant reduction in hsCRP levels after levothyroxine. " 02/01/2003 - "There was a significant increase in mean total thyroxine (T(4)) and a significant reduction in the prevalence of hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). " 01/01/2009 - "Is umbilical cord blood total thyroxin measurement effective in newborn screening for hypothyroidism?" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	HormonesIBA 05/01/1999 - "Our hypothesis was that those regions that are most dependent on thyroid hormone should present selective increases of D2 as a protection against hypothyroidism. " 08/01/1998 - "Neonatal screening and early thyroid hormone therapy have eliminated most of the clinical consequences of hypothyroidism such that the heritability of this condition may become apparent in the near future. " 11/01/1997 - "The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism was established in all patients by thyroid function tests, and initiation of thyroid hormone therapy resulted in significant improvement of the presenting symptom. " 03/01/1978 - "In one patient there was good evidence that maternal hypothyroidism improved during the last trimester due to placental transfer of fetal thyroid hormone. " 12/01/1999 - "Correlational analyses indicated different manifestations of early hypothyroidism versus later treatment factors, suggesting that while some effects can be improved by better treatment and management approaches, others caused by prenatal and perinatal thyroid hormone insufficiency may persist." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	IodineIBA 01/01/1998 - "Iodine prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing the development of iodine deficiency disorders including transient neonatal hypothyroidism. " 01/01/1994 - "Iodine prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing the development of iodine deficiency disorders including transient neonatal hypothyroidism. " 01/01/2009 - "Dietary iodine supplementation alone resulted in complete remission of IDD in the subjects, including the 2 patients with hypothyroidism. " 07/01/1995 - "Since the clearance of iodine is linearly related to GFR, our study suggests that in the setting of hypothyroidism, the bioavailability of a given dose of radioiodine may have significant individual variation." 05/01/2009 - "To avoid hypothyroidism, reducing excess dietary iodine intake to moderate intake may be beneficial for pregnant woman in Japan." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)FDA Link 07/01/2006 - "Bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) stimulation testing has long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism. " 01/01/2002 - "RESULTS: In three of the patients, l-T4 administration could be discontinued and the clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism disappeared because of an improved serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level. " 04/01/1999 - "The gold standard for diagnosis of hypothyroidism remains the thyroid-stimulating hormone response test. " 03/01/1979 - "An improved double antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring human thyrotropin (h-TSH) in serum, suitable for neonatal primary hypothyroidism screening is described. " 12/01/1976 - "A method for measuring thyrotropin (TSH) in eluates of dried blood samples on filter paper was evaluated and improved as a screening test for neonatal hypothyroidism. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Thyroid HormonesIBA 01/01/2000 - "Application of thyroid gland tissue xenotransplantate in this model of hypothyroidism helped to achieve the increasing of thyroid hormones levels in serum and rehabilitation of lymphocytes functional activity. " 01/01/1997 - "It also enhanced the production of thyroid hormones, normalized oxygen consumption, improved the patients' condition, increased physical and mental performance in patients with hypothyroidism." 11/01/1985 - "The improvement in hatchability observed when thyroid hormones were injected at 25 days of incubation offers further evidence that hypothyroidism may be a cause of poor hatchability among turkey eggs." 06/01/2007 - "Experimental studies demonstrated that hypothyroidism can lead to depressive behavior and that thyroid hormones can have antidepressant effects. " 03/01/2006 - "Experimental studies show depressive behavior in rats caused by hypothyroidism and antidepressant effect of thyroid hormones. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Propylthiouracil FDA Link 10/01/1995 - "Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in male rats produced a highly significant reduction in NOS gene transcripts in the PVN and SON, as assessed by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry with a specific oligodeoxynucleotide probe. " 02/01/1999 - "Propylthiouracil (PTU), administered to induce hypothyroidism, resulted in a significant reduction m the thyroid and brain weight of neonatal rats. " 12/01/2000 - "This study compared the efficacy of heat and cold stress to identify thermoregulatory deficits in rats subjected to borderline and overt hypothyroidism via subchronic exposure to propylthiouracil (PTU). " 05/01/2009 - "This study addressed the influence of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on postnatal and adult neurogenesis. " 01/01/2007 - "The aim of the present study was the evaluation of parafollicular cells activity in rats with hypothyroidism evoked by propylthiouracil (PTU) given in drinking water over 21 days. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	AntibodiesIBA 05/01/1984 - "The clinical course of the disease in the 11 women who became hyperthyroid within 6 months after giving birth was similar to that experienced by the other patients, but of the 11 who had increased titres of antimicrosomal antibodies a significantly greater proportion (73%) showed at least transient evidence of hypothyroidism; 1 patient remained frankly hypothyroid for a year. " 06/01/2002 - "Although the patient had no symptoms of hypothyroidism, thyroid auto-antibodies remained elevated even after disease remission." 09/01/2006 - "We describe thyroid auto-antibodies in patients with various nosological subtypes of hypothyroidism identified in a population study. " 07/01/2002 - "This prospective long-term study demonstrates that only a part of the cohort of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism develops overt hypothyroidism over time and that a major group remains in the subclinical state after 10 yr. The measurement of TSH, microsomal (thyroperoxidase) antibodies, and thyroid reserve allows initial risk stratification for the development of overt thyroid failure (risk ratio ranging from 1.0-15.6). " 03/01/1999 - "For Free T4 no statistical significance was observed between Group 1, 2 and 3. Thyroid antibodies were positive in 22.7% of patients in Group 2 and 33.33% in Group 3. CONCLUSION: We conclude from the present study that even with sensitive TSH assays TRH study still has a role to mark the early stage of hypothyroidism. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1999 - "Hypothyroid animals treated with amiodarone showed a combination of ionic effects (strong IKs reduction, similar to hypothyroidism alone; reduced IKr and IK1, similar to amiodarone alone), along with action potential prolongation significantly greater than that caused by either intervention alone. " 04/01/1994 - "Studies have suggested that chronic amiodarone treatment (a class III antiarrhythmic) may have effects on the myocardium that resemble those of hypothyroidism. " 10/01/2009 - "Titel page - ultrasound findings in newborns with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism." 07/01/2009 - "We herein report a case of amiodarone -induced hypothyroidism associated with a rapid decrease of renal function, reversible upon amiodarone withdrawal. " 05/01/2009 - "Late amiodarone adverse effects, particularly hypothyroidism, are associated with longer exposure times, but do not seem to be explained by higher concentrations in plasma or in fat tissue." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	CholesterolIBA 08/01/1994 - "It is questionable whether the consideration of serum cholesterol helped in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism." 09/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with abnormal cholesterol level in different age groups. " 07/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical hypothyroidism does not appear to be associated with abnormalities in serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels when adjusted for confounding variables in this population-based study." 11/01/1998 - "In the submitted study the authors had the objective to assess how many patients referred to lipid clinics on account of a high cholesterol level suffered from undetected and thus untreated hypothyroidism. " 09/01/1991 - "This study investigates the frequency of biochemically diagnosed hypothyroidism and its relationship with plasma cholesterol concentration in apparently healthy people. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Triiodothyronine (Liothyronine)FDA Link 04/01/2000 - "The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypothyroidism [absence of triiodothyronine (-T(3))] and mechanical overload (OV) would convert the plantaris (Plan) muscle from a fast- to a slow-twitch muscle. " 02/13/1980 - "Clinical and biochemical indices of thyroid function were compared in 18 euthyroid control subjects and 54 patients at risk of developing hypothyroidism, and the assessment repeated after a four-week trial of oral triiodothyronine (T3) 40 microgram daily. " 03/01/1958 - "However, the occasional improvement, sometimes dramatic, suggested that a therapeutic trial with triiodothyronine in difficult or unresponsive cases of hypometabolism or hypothyroidism is justified." 09/01/2008 - "We investigate the consequence of adult-onset hypothyroidism on thyroid-mediated transcription events in striatal synaptic plasticity, and the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement. " 06/01/2007 - "This series highlights the role of oral triiodothyronine in the perioperative management of patients with overt hypothyroidism for semi-urgent surgeries. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/01/1993 - "After treatment with SLT, the clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism were markedly improved. " 10/01/1995 - "Euthyroidism was reached in a shorter time after treatment in group II (median time 0.8 year in group II Vs 1.1 yrs in group I) It is concluded that radioiodine is an effective treatment for toxic multinodular goitre with a significant low incidence of post therapy hypothyroidism in patients treated with low doses as compared to higher doses of radioiodine therapy." 05/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of the thyroid gland in hypothyroid dogs, to calculate the diagnostic sensitivity of gray-scale ultrasound using a combination of clinical symptoms and biochemical thyroid tests as gold standard, and to investigate the evolution of the ultrasonographic features after treatment of hypothyroidism. " 08/01/1984 - "Subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) blood flow (BF) in the abdomen, thigh, and arm was determined by measuring the local clearance of [133]Xe in patients with untreated hyper- or hypothyroidism (n = 10, n = 7); six patients in each group were reexamined after treatment when they were euthyroid. " 03/01/1999 - "In this study, QTc intervals on resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) were compared in 10 patients before and after treatment of hypothyroidism. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Thyroidectomy 10/01/2009 - "These data show that radioiodine treatment is safe and effective in pediatric GD with significant lower incidence of relapse and adverse effects but significantly higher incidence of hypothyroidism as compared with both ATD and thyroidectomy. " 04/01/1998 - "In our experience total thyroidectomy is the gold standard for diffuse diseases of the thyroid, because, without more specific complication than subtotal thyroidectomy, it ensures: no recurrences, an easy control of postoperative hypothyroidism, the removal of microscopic malignant foci, the stopping of ophthalmopathy evolution." 01/01/2009 - "Twenty Wistar rats were separated into two groups: the study group (n = 10), which underwent total thyroidectomy to induce hypothyroidism, and the control group (n = 10). " 01/01/2008 - "STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All cases of partial thyroidectomies (hemi-, near-total, or subtotal) carried out at one Israeli and one Russian medical center (1990-2006) were retrospectively studied to determine the incidence of hypothyroidism after each procedure. " 09/01/2004 - "The current study is an investigation of alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distribution in patients with transient hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement) 01/01/2007 - "If hypothyroidism is confirmed by laboratory analysis, imaging studies should be performed immediately; however, it is not acceptable to delay hormone replacement therapy if imaging studies are not readily available. " 10/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVE: To study the implications of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) treatment in the pathogenesis of Reinke's oedema (via a possible pseudo-hypothyroidism effect), and also to study why the disease affects a predominantly post-menopausal female population. " 03/01/2006 - "Hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism and nerve conduction study." 01/01/2004 - "Isotopic renal function studies in severe hypothyroidism and after thyroid hormone replacement therapy." 10/01/2001 - "Importance of echocardiographic study before hormone replacement therapy is stressed, particularly for middle/old-aged patients with long-term hypothyroidism." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/1996 - "Lasting remission after antithyroid drug therapy (median 6.5 years; range 4.5-8 years) was noted in 6/31 patients (19%), three (10%) of whom subsequently developed hypothyroidism. " 09/01/2009 - "In multivariate analysis, survivors who received >or=20 Gy cranial radiotherapy plus any spinal radiotherapy had the highest risk of subsequent hypothyroidism (HR 8.3, 95% CI 3.3, 20.5) compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone. " 03/01/2009 - "The average change in the size of the thyroid gland does not differ when development of hypothyroidism or chemotherapy administration are considered." 09/01/2007 - "Myeloablative chemotherapy before HSCT may cause early (after 3 months) hypothyroidism--it may last one year after procedure. " 02/01/2006 - "Neuropathy was the result of diabetes in 72% of patients, a combination of diabetes and hypothyroidism in 7%, chemotherapy in 7%, and idiopathic in 14%. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Hypophysectomy 11/01/1976 - "Visual fields were normal after 30 years untreated hypothyroidism, but severe concentric field constriction developed during the first 6 months of therapy and was relieved by hypophysectomy. " 09/01/1993 - "[Exacerbation of autoimmune hypothyroidism after hemi-hypophysectomy in a patient with Cushing's disease]" 03/01/1989 - "In some hypophysectomized fetuses T4 was administered (100 g/day) to overcome the hypothyroidism caused by hypophysectomy. " 05/01/1987 - "In some hypophysectomized fetuses (HXT4 group, n = 4), T4 was administered (100 micrograms L-T4/day) to overcome the hypothyroidism caused by hypophysectomy. " 06/01/1976 - "A subnormal, and also a low normal response to TRH before or after hypophysectomy does not necessarily indicate an increased risk for the development of hypothyroidism, and indeed the pituitary remnant seems to have a remarkable capacity for regeneration. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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