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Hypothermia

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Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals; in man usually accidental or unintentional.

Also Known As:

Hypothermia, Accidental; Accidental Hypothermia; Accidental Hypothermias; Hypothermias; Hypothermias, Accidental

Networked: 9430 relevant articles (446 outcomes, 882 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

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Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
  - Body Temperature Changes: 96
    - Hypothermia: 9430

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia
2.	Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest)
3.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
4.	Reperfusion Injury
5.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)

Experts

1.	Kochanek, Patrick M: 31 articles (01/2010 - 01/2002)
2.	Steinberg, Gary K: 19 articles (09/2009 - 01/2002)
3.	Yenari, Midori A: 18 articles (05/2009 - 01/2002)
4.	Holzer, Michael: 16 articles (02/2010 - 05/2002)
5.	Tisherman, Samuel A: 16 articles (09/2009 - 01/2002)
6.	Rawls, Scott M: 15 articles (05/2009 - 06/2002)
7.	Sterz, Fritz: 14 articles (02/2010 - 02/2002)
8.	Behringer, Wilhelm: 13 articles (02/2010 - 01/2002)
9.	Sessler, Daniel I: 13 articles (07/2009 - 02/2002)
10.	Butterworth, Roger F: 13 articles (07/2009 - 12/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypothermia:

1.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2005 - "There was significant reduction in KMC vs CMC group of hypothermia (10/44 vs 21/45, p-value < 0.01), higher oxygen saturations (95.7 vs 94.8%, p-value < 0.01) and decrease in respiratory rates (36.2 vs 40.7, p-value < 0.01). " 04/01/1999 - "We advocate the use of whole body hypothermia to reduce tissue oxygen demand and provide a degree of cellular protection against ischaemia allowing time for recovery. " 12/01/1980 - "Improved oxygen delivery to the myocardium during hypothermia by perfusion with 2,3 DPG-enriched red blood cells." 12/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between regional and mixed venous oxygen saturation and distribution of pump flow with respect to hypothermia. " 02/01/2000 - "In this study, we assessed the effects of normothermia and mild hypothermia (32 degrees C) during CPB on jugular oxygen saturation (SjvO2). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	PotassiumIBA 08/01/1982 - "This study in human beings could not demonstrate a specific protective effect of potassium, beyond that afforded by myocardial perfusion hypothermia and wash-out. " 04/01/1960 - "Potassium ion as a cardioplegic agent in total cardiac bypass and during hypothermia with coronary perfusion: an experimental study." 11/01/1959 - "Study of the cardioplegic action of potassium ion during normothermia and hypothermia." 01/01/1956 - "Potassium effects in hypothermia; an experimental study." 01/01/1953 - "[Study of potassium metabolism and its role in the mechanism of death in deep hypothermia.]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: Despite its proven neuroprotective efficacy, early posttraumatic hypothermia (30 degrees C for 3 hours) nonetheless induces a moderate decline in cerebral perfusion without the (anticipated) improvement in cerebral glucose utilization, so that a state of mild metabolism-greater-than-blood-flow dissociation is perpetuated." 10/01/1998 - "In this study, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow in focal ischemic rats. " 01/01/2008 - "18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET was performed to investigate cerebral glucose metabolism at the end of therapeutic hypothermia. " 06/01/2005 - "Prior to each arrest, key physiological variables were adjusted to match a random selection of one of 81 combinations of high, normal, or low levels of hypothermia, hematocrit, pH, and serum glucose. " 03/10/2004 - "These data indicate that abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation is associated with altered glucose metabolism through hypothermia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Pentobarbital (Nembutal)FDA Link 01/01/1981 - "PNT, 50 mg/kg reduced K+ accumulation more effectively than either pentobarbital or hypothermia, whose protective effects are likely explained by a different mechanism (i.e., reduced cerebral metabolic rate). " 11/01/1991 - "In pharmacological studies using mice, CBDD and 1S,2R-epoxy-CBD-2',6'-diacetate produced hypothermia, and CBD, CBDM and CBEM prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep. " 01/01/2007 - "METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 88) were anesthetized intraperitoneally with pentobarbital sodium and assigned to one of two protocols: one representing moderate hypothermia (30 degrees -32 degrees C) and the other representing mild hypothermia (33 degrees -35 degrees C). " 05/01/2004 - "It potentiated pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in male albino mice and produced hypothermia. " 04/01/2004 - "Male Wistar rats (n = 100) were anesthetized intraperitoneally with pentobarbital sodium and assigned to one of two protocols: one representing moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C-32 degrees C) and the other, mild hypothermia (33 degrees C-35 degrees C). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Cardioplegic SolutionsIBA 04/01/1987 - "Although many studies of the protective effects of cardioplegic solutions using hypothermia have been conducted, it is also necessary to examine their protective effects under normothermia as regional increases in myocardial temperature during hypothermic arrest are often reported. " 09/01/1978 - "The evidence from this study indicates that cardioplegic solution exerts a protective effect beyond that which is afforded by hypothermia." 07/15/1996 - "This endogenous mechanism of cardioprotection was effective regardless of whether preservation was accomplished using cardioplegic solution or topical hypothermia alone. " 06/01/1994 - "Cardioplegic solution was given at a pressure of 40 mm Hg every 20 minutes for 2 hours, and topical hypothermia was used. " 03/01/1994 - "Interactions between preischemic hypothermia and cardioplegic solutions in the neonatal lamb heart." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	CalciumIBA 09/01/2001 - "The maximum pressure velocity (dP/dt(max)) developed was significantly higher in normothermia compared with hypothermia and was improved by the addition of calcium in both circumstances. " 08/01/1990 - "The mechanism may be related to the cytosolic calcium loading effect of hypothermia that is not relieved during the subsequent period of cardioplegic arrest. " 09/10/2009 - "Our study showed no significant differences of calcium content in tissues of persons who died due to hypothermia, over those who died in normothermic conditions." 04/01/2009 - "Our study showed no significant differences in the calcium content of tissues in persons who died from hypothermia, over those who died in normothermic conditions. " 09/10/2009 - "Post-mortem investigation of calcium content in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle in accidental hypothermia cases." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)IBA 10/01/1999 - "To verify this hypothesis, the relation of ATP plasma levels and hypothermia was examined in a clinical study. " 01/01/1999 - "To verify this hypothesis the relation of ATP plasma levels and hypothermia was examined in a clinical study. " 11/01/2008 - "From a neuroprotective standpoint, hypothermia slows basic enzymatic activity, reduces the cell's energy requirements, and thus maintains Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. " 10/20/2006 - "At profound hypothermia, it is difficult to activate K(ATP) channels." 10/20/2006 - "However, there is no evidence showing that K(ATP) channel could be opened by its agonists under profound hypothermia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 09/01/1989 - "Although IV ethanol infusions produced similar or higher blood ethanol levels (BELs) compared to IP administration, the degree of hypothermia was significantly greater with the more rapidly absorbed IP administration. " 06/06/1983 - "These mice had a significantly greater degree of hypothermia on test day than the ethanol-room temperature acquisition group, which showed tolerance, and their degree of hypothermic response was similar to that of mice injected with saline during acquisition. " 07/01/1995 - "In adulthood, early handling eliminated the increased hypothermia observed in E and PF compared to C males following an ethanol challenge (2.0 g/kg, IP). " 06/15/2001 - "This study examines the effects of profound hypothermia on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in ethanol administrated rats. " 01/01/2000 - "Factors other than ontogenetic changes in ethanol metabolism, hypothermia, or the distribution of ethanol between brain and blood must underlie the relative insensitivity to ethanol often reported in young and adolescent organisms, a fruitful area for future studies given the frequent use and misuse of alcohol by human adolescents." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)FDA Link 04/01/2000 - "In vivo cerebral microdialysis studies revealed that mild hypothermia resulted in a significant reduction of extracellular glutamate concentrations in the brains of rats with ALF (control: 1. 06 micromol/L; ALF-37 degrees C: 2.74 micromol/L; ALF-35 degrees C: 1.49 micromol/L [P <.01 compared with ALF-37 degrees C]). " 09/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether hypothermia would suppress secondary damage in the chronic postischemic stage, in terms of glutamate excitotoxicity. " 01/01/2000 - "In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that hypothermia is a potent neuroprotective method and an inhibition of the glutamate excitotoxic process may contribute the protective mechanisms of hypothermia in this rat acute SDH model." 05/01/1994 - "This study examined the effects of graded hypothermia (32 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 22 degrees C, vs 38 degrees C) on periischemic extracellular hippocampal glutamate concentrations in the New Zealand White rabbit. " 01/01/1991 - "Critical levels of extracellular glutamate mediating gerbil hippocampal delayed neuronal death during hypothermia: brain microdialysis study." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	IceIBA 03/01/1984 - "The results show that dry and insulative survival suits can provide excellent protection against fatal levels of hypothermia resulting from ice-water immersion. " 01/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to document the effects on phrenic nerve injury of whole body hypothermia, use of ice-slush around the heart and mammary artery harvesting. " 03/01/2010 - "We used ice packs to achieve surface cooling that mimicked environmental hypothermia. " 11/01/2009 - "MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 24 patients following successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hypothermia was induced with infusion of 4 degrees C normal saline and maintained with ice-packs for 26 h after ROSC. " 11/01/2009 - "A larger, randomized and prospective study is required to assess the efficacy and safety of ice-cold fluid infusion for the induction of therapeutic hypothermia." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Rewarming 03/01/2007 - "Among these clinical trials, early application of hypothermia, maintenance of cerebral blood flow during hypothermia therapy and prevention of quick rewarming are pointed out to result in good outcome from clinical experiences. " 11/01/2003 - "Studies regarding the use of various active rewarming methods in severe hypothermia casualties revealed low rewarming efficacy for the low heat capacity methods, such as warm air inhalation, and a high rewarming efficacy for the high heat capacity methods, such as forced air methods." 03/01/2009 - "In contrast, hypothermia followed by rapid rewarming not only reverses the protective effects associated with hypothermic intervention, but in many cases, exacerbates the traumatically induced pathology and its functional consequences. " 03/01/2007 - "Slow rewarming after a period of hypothermia is superior to fast rewarming. " 12/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: The use of a modified continuous venovenous hemofiltration circuit for rewarming in a juvenile goat model after induction of moderate hypothermia is more effective than are standard methods." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Induced Heart Arrest (Cardioplegia) 08/01/1992 - "The findings suggest that, even though no consensus exists about its ideal composition, cardioplegia in conjunction with hypothermia is currently the strategy most often used for pediatric myocardial protection." 01/01/1987 - "Cardioplegia is most effective when combined with the additive properties of hypothermia, which plays a significant role in decreasing myocardial metabolism. " 09/01/1996 - "RESULTS: In hypertrophied hearts, protection by topical hypothermia alone resulted in significantly improved postischemic recoveries of maximum left ventricular pressure and rate of pressure rise compared with the method of slow cooling or application of cardioplegia (40.6% +/- 5.0% and 38.1% +/- 5.9%, mean +/- standard error of the mean; p < 0.05). " 03/01/1983 - "The small increase in risk compared to the significant improvement from the combined approach has led to the following principles: coronary arteriography on all adult patients requiring valvular operations; bypass of all significant coronary lesions; restoration of valvular function and hemodynamics; and myocardial preservation with cold cardioplegia during a single period of cross clamping, topical cold, and systemic hypothermia." 10/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that TP and isothermic blood cardioplegia represent a simple, safe and effective method of systemic and myocardial protection which may be an alternative to traditional hypothermia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass) 04/01/2000 - "Six weeks after this, a right-sided vertebral-to-carotid artery anastomosis was performed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced deep hypothermia for optimal neuronal protection, with good results. " 01/01/1997 - "The application of a cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia in high level vena cava thrombi is an important advance that has improved the safety and technical efficacy of a difficult surgical undertaking." 03/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have failed to demonstrate significant benefits of hypothermia for the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). " 12/01/2001 - "He was treated successfully with cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia. " 07/01/1979 - "The recommended technique for Type I and II defects is transaortic closure of the defect by prosthetic patch with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass, supplemented by profound hypothermia (20 degrees C.), and circulatory arrest for improved exposure in selected cases. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Resuscitation 06/21/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: When VF was induced in the setting of moderate or severe hypothermia, resuscitative measures were facilitated with significantly improved defibrillation success and resuscitation outcome. " 07/01/2006 - "For improved adoption of therapeutic hypothermia, our data suggest that development of better cooling methodology and recent incorporation into resuscitation guidelines may improve use." 09/01/2005 - "INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation has been shown to improve the outcome regarding neurological state and to reduce mortality. " 10/01/1998 - "Although hypothermia as a means of cerebral protection against and resuscitation from ischemic damage has a history of approximately six decades, extensive studies, both in basic and clinical fields, on the mechanisms, effects and methods of mild hypothermia at temperatures no less than 31 degrees C have started only in the last decade. " 03/01/2009 - "On the strength of these trials, therapeutic hypothermia has now been incorporated in the American Heart Association guidelines for post-resuscitation care. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Induced Hypothermia 05/15/2003 - "Although efficacy of hypothermia in improving functional outcome of mild to moderate traumatic SCI has been demonstrated, hypothermia may not be protective against severe traumatic SCI. At present, induced hypothermia has yet to be recognized or approved as a potential treatment having therapeutic value for traumatic SCI in humans. " 09/01/2007 - "In this paper pathophysiological aspects of induced hypothermia are discussed and clinically relevant study results of hypothermia therapy are given in respect to evidence-based medicine." 08/01/2002 - "Although the preliminary clinical studies have shown that mild hypothermia can be a feasible and relatively safe treatment, multicenter randomized, controlled trials are warranted to define the indications for induced hypothermia in an evidence-based fashion." 08/01/1985 - "The results of the present study are not consistent with the view that DA receptors mediate hypothermia per se, but rather suggest that hypothermia induced by DA agonists is more complex, probably involving serotonergic receptors primarily, though other factors may also be contributory. " 02/01/1957 - "[Effects of hypothermia on various blood components; experimental study on various hematological changes during deep hypothermia induced in dogs.]" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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