Hypocalcemia

Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 5560 relevant articles (167 outcomes, 445 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperphosphatemia
2.	Hypokalemia
3.	Hypoparathyroidism
4.	Hypophosphatemia
5.	Acidosis

Experts

1.	Jüppner, Harald: 21 articles (01/2022 - 10/2003)
2.	Hendy, Geoffrey N: 17 articles (01/2018 - 03/2002)
3.	Thakker, Rajesh V: 15 articles (05/2022 - 09/2004)
4.	Tufano, Ralph P: 14 articles (01/2022 - 06/2006)
5.	Hannan, Fadil M: 13 articles (05/2022 - 06/2013)
6.	Payne, Richard J: 13 articles (04/2022 - 12/2003)
7.	Cozzolino, Mario: 13 articles (01/2021 - 01/2004)
8.	Hier, Michael P: 12 articles (04/2022 - 10/2002)
9.	Fukumoto, Seiji: 12 articles (07/2019 - 06/2002)
10.	Bastepe, Murat: 11 articles (02/2016 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypocalcemia:

1.	CalciumIBA 07/01/1983 - "These data show that calcium infusion for hypocalcemia does not provide meaningful improvement in cardiovascular function and is best avoided unless left heart function is closely monitored." 06/01/2011 - "It was found that a marked decrease in blood calcium, immediately after surgery, was a sensitive predictor of hypocalcemia. " 12/01/2015 - "With the implementation of the protocol, there was significant reduction in temporary hypocalcemia events (P = .008) and intravenous calcium drip (P = .49). " 03/01/2023 - "Intravenous calcium and oral calcium are effective in reducing biochemical hypocalcemia. " 02/01/2017 - "The aim of this study is to detect the accurate timing of PTH and evaluate efficacy of routine oral calcium supplementation for postoperative hypocalcemia. "
2.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1984 - "The hypocalcemia resolved following treatment with a vitamin-D analogue, T-cell number increased, and T-cell function improved, but both remained subnormal." 01/01/2023 - "Of the 3560 patients with active vitamin D, non-hypocalcemia (n = 166) and hypocalcemia (n = 17) groups who met the study criteria were analyzed. " 01/01/2021 - "This study aims to investigate the effect of high doses of active vitamin D immediately after PTx on the development of hypocalcemia. " 07/01/2018 - "In our study, 56% of the infants were found to have severe lack of Vitamin D and lack of Vitamin D was found to be associated with early neonatal hypocalcemia in preterm newborns. " 07/01/2018 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of Vitamin D in newborns and to investigate the association between Vitamin D status of the baby and neonatal hypocalcemia. "
3.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 10/01/2012 - "Intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) testing is a proven effective method to detect patients at risk for postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia. " 07/01/1985 - "Under basal conditions Hyp mice manifested hypocalcemia and, in accord, had a plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration (3.04 +/- 0.14 pg/ml) significantly greater than that of normals (2.16 +/- 0.14 pg/ml). " 01/01/2019 - "The long-term control of parathyroid hormone elevation and avoidance of recurrent disease is improved with TPTX-AT, but carries a higher risk of long-term hypocalcemia." 01/01/2023 - "The study goals were to determine intraoperative parathyroid hormone parameters predictive of (1) cure and (2) hypocalcemia in this subgroup. " 01/01/2022 - "The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of inadequately low concentrations of parathyroid hormone in the presence of hypocalcemia in people living with HIV. "
4.	Calcitriol (Calcijex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Collectively, results indicate that treatment with calcitriol at parturition was effective in improving concentrations of iCa, tCa, and tP, which reduced the risk of hypocalcemia. " 05/01/2023 - "The present study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative Calcitriol could help reduce hypocalcemia rates. " 12/01/1996 - "High levels induced by the HP diet prevented both hypocalcemia and low calcitriol levels at each study point. " 01/01/2021 - "Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia was less in calcitriol-treated cows (CON = 19.0 vs. CAL200 = 4.7 vs. CAL300 = 9.3%); however, benefits on health were only observed in overconditioned cows (n = 270/1,350). " 01/01/2017 - "Hospitalization or ED visits for hypocalcemia occurred in none of the D2 group vs four of 14 in the calcitriol group (P = 0.03); three in the calcitriol group had multiple ED visits. "
5.	MagnesiumIBA 06/01/2016 - "A marked decrease in blood magnesium in the group of patients with hypocalcemia was observed when compared to those with normal calcemia on the first postoperative day (mean variation respectively, 0.125 ± 0.065 mmol/L versus 0.035 ± 0.020 mmol/L; P = 0.0002). " 02/01/1978 - "After the administration of magnesium there was a significant increase in the levels of circulating i-PTH in serum with a concomitant improvement in the hypocalcemia." 12/01/2019 - "A prospective randomized study with a group of patients undergoing magnesium replacement in the postoperative period can clarify the possible role of magnesium repletion on hypocalcemia." 09/01/1998 - "Randomized trial of magnesium administration to prevent hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers." 12/01/1973 - "Studies were carried out to evaluate the mechanism of hypocalcemia in magnesium depletion. "
6.	Phosphorus (Red Phosphorus)IBA 12/01/2023 - "Age, serum phosphorus, ALP, and number of ablated nodules were associated with a higher risk of severe hypocalcemia after the first session of RFA." 12/01/2023 - "Univariate analysis showed that age, serum phosphorus, ALP, and number of ablated nodules were associated with a higher risk of severe hypocalcemia after the first session of RFA. " 01/01/2023 - "Low serum phosphorus concentration was frequently observed with hypocalcemia and was not associated with the outcome of postpartum downer cows." 07/01/2022 - "Ascitic fluid was found in patients with low values of phosphorus as well as in those with hypocalcemia (chi-square 5.235; p-value 0.022137). " 02/01/2013 - "In PTH KO and PTH-CaSR DKO mice, however, increases in serum phosphorus by dietary manipulation were accompanied by severe hypocalcemia, which appeared to blunt stimulation of FGF23 release. "
7.	DenosumabFDA Link 07/01/2022 - "The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the incidence of hypocalcemia and the CKD stage in elderly osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab. " 04/01/2020 - "This real-life study shows a 7.4% rate of denosumab-induced hypocalcemia in community-dwelling osteoporotic men and women. " 04/01/2019 - "The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of skeletal related events, incidence of hypocalcemia, and cost with denosumab given at every four weeks and denosumab given at other frequencies. " 08/01/2018 - "Our study demonstrates the estimated incidence of denosumab-associated hypocalcemia in dialysis patients of 42%. " 04/01/2017 - "Results As per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03, of the 106 patients included in the study population, 37 (35%) patients had an incidence of hypocalcemia within 30 days of denosumab administration. "
8.	Phosphates (Orthophosphate)IBA 03/01/2022 - "Around half of patients had hypocalcemia and four-fifths had low serum phosphate. " 01/01/2022 - "The probands in both kindreds presented before age 10 days with hypocalcemia and elevated phosphate levels. " 01/01/2017 - "Transition to alternative formula use or implementation of phosphate supplementation should be performed cautiously with as severe hypocalcemia may develop." 01/01/2015 - "And excessive phosphate ingestion is a main cause of late onset hypocalcemia in formula fed infants. " 11/01/2013 - "We believe this the first human report suggesting blunting of the FGF23 response to high phosphate by severe hypocalcemia. "
9.	Calcium Gluconate (CBG)IBA 11/01/2005 - "One to 2 g of IV calcium gluconate were effective for most patients with mild hypocalcemia; however, treatment of moderate to severe hypocalcemia with 2-4 g of IV calcium gluconate was often unsuccessful. " 11/01/2005 - "One to 2 g of IV calcium gluconate was effective in normalizing iCa for 23 out of 29 patients (79%) with mild hypocalcemia and 2-4 g was effective for 3 of 8 patients (38%) with moderate to severe hypocalcemia. " 03/02/2023 - "She required four bolus courses of intravenous calcium gluconate, and three courses of continuous infusions due to retractable severe hypocalcemia (total of 29 vials of 10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate intravenously). " 12/01/2021 - "The infants with no symptoms of hypocalcemia during the procedure were not routinely given IV calcium gluconate. " 01/06/2021 - "However, he developed refractory hypocalcemia with unstable vital signs, for which we administered calcium gluconate hydrate. "
10.	PotassiumIBA 12/01/1997 - "Hypocalcemia and low plasma potassium levels were not characteristic in this study, suggesting that hypocalcemia does not play an important role in the initiation of LDA. " 10/01/2019 - "In the case of PTX, the serum potassium levels of patients with higher serum K base+ and severe postoperative hypocalcemia need to be monitored with extended attention perioperatively." 05/01/2005 - "There was a negative correlation between the plasma potassium and iCa levels at 12 and 24 hours, and the maximum plasma potassium level was higher in the hypocalcemia group (minimum iCa level, < 0.9 mmol/L) than in the normocalcemia group. " 06/01/1958 - "The effects of induced hypocalcemia on myocardial irritability and conductivity; the use of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, with special reference to potassium depletion, digitalis intoxication, and digitalis-induced electrocardiographic contour changes." 12/01/2015 - "Within 24 h of Mg(2+) deprivation, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia developed, and after three days of Mg(2+) deprivation, serum potassium (K(+)) was increased. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy 01/29/2014 - "A single 1-hour post-thyroidectomy PTH level is a very useful way to stratify thyroidectomy patients into high and low risk groups for development of hypocalcemia. " 04/01/2017 - "A decrease of 10 per cent in PTHht levels measured after ipsilateral lobectomy and a 62 per cent or higher decrease in PTHtt levels measured in the end of the total thyroidectomy could be helpful for prediction of postoperative hypocalcemia in these patients." 08/09/2018 - "Optimization of the surgical technique could possibly prevent the occurrence of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in some cases; in other cases, identification of known risk factors post-operatively could permit early detection and effective treatment of these patients." 03/01/2016 - "The macroscopic appearance of preserved parathyroid glands and the number of well-preserved parathyroid glands after thyroidectomy proved effective in predicting post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia." 12/01/2015 - "A "safe and effective" protocol for management of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia."
2.	Therapeutics 06/01/2022 - "The aim is further to summarize the results of studies investigating therapy of clinical hypocalcemia in order to provide an evidence-based recommendation on the treatment of recumbent cows. " 03/01/2016 - "Previous studies with shorter follow-up have shown that LSPX and SPX are associated with recurrent HPT, and TPX with hypocalcemia and substitution therapy. " 07/22/2023 - "In conclusion, TB patients showed elevated pre-therapy levels of CRP, low levels of HDL, and hypocalcemia. " 07/22/2023 - "All TB patients had elevated pre-therapy levels of CRP and reduced HDL: 88.9% presented hypocalcemia and 47.2% showed elevated ALP and GGT. " 06/01/2022 - "Although both diagnosis and therapy have not changed over the last three decades, some farmers and practitioners are still unaware about the prevalence of and risk period for subclinical hypocalcemia. "
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 10/01/2020 - "Hidden Hypocalcemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality among Patients Undergoing Incident Hemodialysis." 01/01/2020 - "The Case | Severe acute hypocalcemia in a patient on hemodialysis." 05/01/2012 - "Quiz page May 2012: Severe hypocalcemia in a hemodialysis patient." 02/01/2005 - "The results suggest that the therapeutic regimen is more tolerant and reduces Ca load in Japanese hemodialysis patients while avoiding hypocalcemia. " 12/01/1999 - "Experimental hypocalcemia induced by hemodialysis in goats."
4.	Parathyroidectomy 02/01/2004 - "Parathyroidectomy effectively treats this complication caused by autonomous parathyroid hyperfunction, but profound postoperative hypocalcemia necessitates careful management." 10/16/2019 - "The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of incidental parathyroidectomy, the relationship between incidental parathyroidectomy and postoperative hypocalcemia, and risk factors for incidental parathyroidectomy in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. " 10/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive factors related to the development of hypocalcemia and hungry bone syndrome (HBS) in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHP. " 01/01/2016 - "Our study found an association of incidental parathyroidectomy with transient postoperative biochemical hypocalcemia, but not with clinically symptomatic disease. " 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of biochemical parameters as indicators for episodes of hypocalcemia in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHPT. "
5.	Length of Stay 05/01/2015 - "In our study there was a high incidence of hypocalcemia (60%), expressed predominantly 24 hours after surgery and conditioned, in these patients, a longer hospital stay. " 05/01/2023 - "Also, days of hospital stay and symptomatic hypocalcemia rate were significantly lower in the intervention group. " 01/01/2023 - "Specifically, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower, and the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the hypocalcemia group than in the other two groups. " 01/01/2023 - "Implementation of a two-surgeon operative approach was shown to lead to a significant decrease in length of stay >1d attributable to hypocalcemia. " 02/01/2022 - "Although the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury was slightly higher in the RFA group compared with the PTX + AT group (26.67% vs. 16.67%; P > 0.05), RFA markedly decreased the risk of severe hypocalcemia (SH) (20% vs. 46.67%; P < 0.05) and shortened hospital stay (7.53 ± 2.67 days vs. 12.13 ± 3.86 days; P < 0.05). "