Hypercholesterolemia

A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.

Also Known As:

Elevated Cholesterol; High Cholesterol Levels; Cholesterol Level, High; Cholesterol Levels, High; Cholesterol, Elevated; Cholesterols, Elevated; Elevated Cholesterols; High Cholesterol Level; Hypercholesteremias; Hypercholesterolemias; Level, High Cholesterol; Levels, High Cholesterol; Hypercholesteremia

Networked: 15115 relevant articles (881 outcomes, 2169 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases: 15
- Metabolic Diseases: 10142
  - Lipid Metabolism Disorders: 898
    - Dyslipidemias: 18198
      - Hyperlipidemias: 16120
        Hypercholesterolemia: 15115
        Sitosterolemia: 285
        Hypomagnesemia, Hypertension, and Hypercholesterolemia, Mitochondrial

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Atherosclerosis
3.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease)
4.	Hypertriglyceridemia
5.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)

Experts

1.	Ballantyne, Christie M: 35 articles (05/2022 - 01/2003)
2.	Teramoto, Tamio: 31 articles (07/2022 - 05/2002)
3.	Civeira, Fernando: 29 articles (11/2022 - 08/2003)
4.	Saito, Yasushi: 27 articles (01/2012 - 06/2002)
5.	Nakaya, Noriaki: 26 articles (06/2012 - 06/2002)
6.	Lerman, Amir: 25 articles (11/2018 - 09/2001)
7.	Catapano, Alberico L: 24 articles (05/2022 - 10/2004)
8.	Sellke, Frank W: 24 articles (01/2022 - 08/2004)
9.	Lerman, Lilach O: 24 articles (01/2018 - 09/2001)
10.	Bays, Harold E: 23 articles (12/2021 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypercholesterolemia:

1.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/2000 - "Since the unfavorable impact of hypercholesterolemia on the cardiovascular system has been proven, effective, inexpensive and easy to use cholesterol-lowering treatment options have been looked for. " 10/01/1993 - "Meta-analysis of the controlled trials of garlic to reduce hypercholesterolemia showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels. " 06/01/2023 - "plantarum WLPL21 improved cholesterol metabolism and transportation, as well as the abundance of gut microbiota, for alleviating high-cholesterol-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia." 01/27/2021 - "Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of DPO against hypercholesterolemia elicited by a high-cholesterol diet in rats. " 01/01/2021 - "High hydrostatic pressure extract of mulberry leaves ameliorates hypercholesterolemia via modulating hepatic microRNA-33 expression and AMPK activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats."
2.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Statins are first-line treatment for hypercholesterolemia and have been proven to reduce major vascular events in adults with and without underlying ASCVD. " 10/01/2018 - "Statin drugs have been used for more than two decades to treat hypercholesterolemia and as cardio-preventive drugs, resulting in a marked decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. " 06/01/2016 - "Widespread use of statins has improved hypercholesterolemia management, yet a significant proportion of patients remain at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. " 01/01/2023 - "The 3 intricate issues requiring attention are (1) the impact of hypercholesterolemia on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in subjects >80 years, (2) the efficacy of statins to prevent cardiovascular events at this age, and (3) the safety and tolerance of statins in this population. " 10/01/1992 - "A look back indicates that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, as a class, appear to be safe and effective for long term use and constitute a major drug addition for the control of hypercholesterolemia. "
3.	LipidsIBA 01/01/2018 - "Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for the development of PAD and CVD in patients with DR. Our results suggest that a routine ABI test, duplex ultrasonography, and obtaining a lipid profile for DR patients may help to reduce the occurrence of PAD and CVD." 11/01/1998 - "Lipid removal using a continuous-flow extracorporeal system is of proven efficacy in severe hypercholesterolemia. " 05/01/2006 - "Coadministration of EZE/SIMVA 10/20 mg demonstrated a safety profile similar to that of SIMVA 20 mg. In conclusion, EZE/SIMVA 10/20 mg provided significantly greater improvement in atherogenic lipid profiles and was well tolerated compared with SIMVA 20-mg monotherapy in a large cohort of African Americans with primary hypercholesterolemia." 07/18/2022 - "This study suggests that global lipidomic profiling could be used to identify changes in lipid metabolism induced by YYR intake and provide information that these lipid changes are associated with improved hypercholesterolemia." 12/01/2023 - "Tafolecimab dosed at 450 mg Q4W and 600 mg Q6W was safe and showed superior lipid-lowering efficacy versus placebo, providing a novel treatment option for Chinese hypercholesterolemia patients. "
4.	oxidized low density lipoproteinIBA 01/01/2018 - "The combined intervention significantly reduced LDL-C (by more than 13% at 2 years) and improved the degree of LDL-C control in patients with hypercholesterolemia at 1 year." 01/01/2018 - "Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined intervention to improve LDL-C control in patients with hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2016 - "Inhibiting PCSK9 results in improved LDLR recycling, increased LDLR availability on hepatocyte cell surfaces, and reduced blood LDL-C levels, making PCSK9 inhibition a novel therapeutic strategy for managing hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2016 - "Data compiled on this new class of medications support the research that PCSK-9 inhibitors are both a safe and effective means of lowering the LDL levels of resistant or otherwise currently unmanaged hypercholesterolemia patients." 10/01/1987 - "These studies indicate that the defective receptor binding results in inefficient clearance of LDL and the hypercholesterolemia observed in these patients."
5.	LDL CholesterolIBA 11/15/2015 - "Vyto10, Vyto20, and Simva20 showed significant reduction of LDL cholesterol levels and improvement of flow-mediated dilation in patients with hypercholesterolemia. " 02/01/2015 - "The relative changes in total and LDL cholesterol were significantly greater for subjects with severe hypercholesterolemia (>6.6 mmol/L) than those with moderate hypercholesterolemia (5.2-6.6 mmol/L). " 06/01/2011 - "Baseline and follow-up evaluations showed improvement in hypercholesterolemia and high LDL cholesterol levels in cases versus controls. " 03/15/1993 - "Larger intakes exert a more profound hypotriglyceridemic effect, and in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia daily intakes exceeding 10-12 g/day are effective in reducing plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol. " 01/01/1992 - "These results suggest that purified EPA not only reduces LDL cholesterol levels but also acts on HDL metabolism in patients with hypercholesterolemia and therefore will be useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia."
6.	Simvastatin (Zocor)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2016 - "Our results suggest that 3 months of simvastatin treatment in a diet-induced hypercholesterolemia rat model alters some tendon mechanical and histological properties, although a strong conclusion in support of improved parameters cannot be drawn. " 06/01/2010 - "Our findings support claims that simvastatin may be beneficial in preserving endothelial function in prediabetic subjects with normo- or mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/1996 - "Higher doses of simvastatin are considerably more effective in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia." 10/16/1989 - "Simvastatin appears to be an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and, as further study confirms long-term safety and efficacy, it should become a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium." 08/01/1989 - "Simvastatin (MK 733): an effective treatment for hypercholesterolemia."
7.	Atorvastatin (Lipitor)FDA Link 06/01/1997 - "Atorvastatin is highly effective and well tolerated in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia with no increased risk of adverse events." 11/01/2020 - "Currently, the child is on Atorvastatin, a RAS inhibitor, already available in the market for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and has shown considerable improvement in global behaviour and cognitive development. " 01/01/2020 - "Biodegradable polymeric microneedles containing atorvastatin calcium were developed in order to improve the percutaneous absorption of the drug, useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. " 06/01/2009 - "A multicenter study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a generic form of Atorvastatin (Ranbaxy's Storvas) in the treatment of Primary Hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2006 - "We concluded that atorvastatin not only improved hypercholesterolemia, but also reduced CRP even in Japanese diabetic patients. "
8.	Ezetimibe (Zetia)FDA Link 03/01/2018 - "Ezetimibe monotherapy (10 mg/day) showed a small (7.06%) but statistically significant reduction in the plasma levels of Lp(a) in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2011 - "Therefore, the objective in this study was to clarify the vascular protective effects of ezetimibe in patients with hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2012 - "The aims of our study were to examine the efficacy of ezetimibe for hypercholesterolemia and its pleiotropic effects. " 04/01/2003 - "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe 10 mg/day in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2011 - "Ezetimibe monotherapy ameliorates vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia through decreasing oxidative stress."
9.	Pravastatin (Pravachol)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1994 - "These results indicate that long-term administration of pravastatin is beneficial in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in elderly patients." 05/01/1996 - "This combination may be useful and more cost-effective in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia, who might have a higher incidence of side effects when using larger doses of pravastatin alone." 12/01/1990 - "Once-daily pravastatin is a safe and effective treatment for patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and has a favorable safety profile." 11/01/1991 - "Pravastatin was generally well tolerated and an effective agent for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia." 04/15/1991 - "Thus, pravastatin treatment was effective in controlling the hypercholesterolemia present in these diabetic animals."
10.	Lovastatin (Mevacor)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "Thus, lovastatin, when added after an adequate trial of a prudent diet, is a highly effective and generally well-tolerated treatment for patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia." 01/01/1988 - "Lovastatin is highly effective in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and represents an important therapeutic advance. " 11/28/1986 - "In this study, lovastatin was a well tolerated and effective agent for the treatment of nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia." 04/01/2002 - "Our results suggest a mechanism by which hypercholesterolemia may increase risk for AD and indicate that lovastatin reduces Abeta formation and may thereby be effective in delaying the onset and/or slowing the progression of AD." 04/05/1995 - "The increase in HDL-C associated with lovastatin lowered cost-effectiveness ratios by approximately 40%, such that the treatment of hypercholesterolemia was relatively cost-effective for men (as low as $20,882 per year of life saved at age 50 years) and women ($36,627 per year of life saved at age 60 years) with additional risk factors. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/06/1987 - "Our results suggest that pharmacologic therapy may not be cost-effective for all patients with elevated cholesterol levels, especially those over 65 years of age. " 03/01/1998 - "Lastly, these results could explain differences seen in the development of IH with hypercholesterolemia and ultimately provide for improved therapies in alleviating this process." 08/24/2023 - "Targeted Expression to Liver of an antimiR-33 Sponge as a Gene Therapy Strategy against Hypercholesterolemia: In Vitro Study." 03/01/2013 - "PCSK9 is a novel, attractive and viable therapeutic target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, with human studies using a variety of anti-PCSK9 therapies underway. " 11/01/2004 - "This study analyses the prevalence of use of drugs, bread spreads or the combination of both in people aware of their high/elevated cholesterol level, and compares users of the three therapies on health behavior and demographics. "
2.	Blood Component Removal (Apheresis) 01/01/2018 - "In total, N = 61 patients diagnosed with severe hypercholesterolemia and undergoing apheresis participated in the study. " 01/01/2018 - "We conducted a systematic literature search to identify patient-relevant outcomes in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia currently undergoing apheresis. " 01/01/2018 - "Treatment Preferences in Germany Differ Among Apheresis Patients with Severe Hypercholesterolemia." 08/01/2003 - "In 15 apheresis sessions in seven patients with severe hypercholesterolemia (four men and three women, aged between 36 and 70 years), changes in CRP levels were examined. " 01/01/2003 - "apheresis on plasma concentrations of lipid peroxidation parameters in patients with heterozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia and advanced CAD enrolled in a chronic apheresis program once a week. "
3.	Secondary Prevention 01/01/2015 - "Ongoing trials will further define the efficacy of these drugs as an emerging approach to the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in primary and secondary prevention of high-risk patients. " 01/01/2023 - "[Primary and secondary prevention in hypercholesterolemia: differences relevant to patient care in the PROCYON trial]." 01/01/2023 - "In primary prevention, hypercholesterolemia was most often diagnosed during screening (PP 74.6%), and in secondary prevention, the diagnosis was most often made during cardiovascular-related hospitalization (SP 58.0%). " 01/01/2023 - "The objective was to assess the perception on hypercholesterolemia management in secondary prevention in Germany. " 05/06/2020 - "PCSK9 have been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2004 - "The study group included 6 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia unresponsive to maximal drug therapy. " 01/01/2018 - "Impact of hypercholesterolemia on chemotherapy was demonstrated by exogenously providing LDLc followed by appropriate in vitro assays. " 01/01/2018 - "PATIENT PRIORITIES FOR TREATMENT ATTRIBUTES IN ADJUNCTIVE DRUG THERAPY OF SEVERE HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN GERMANY: AN ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS." 01/01/2018 - "Despite the intensive research and progress in modern pharmacotherapy, hypercholesterolemia and related cardiovascular complications remain one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in the modern world. " 01/01/2018 - "A multicenter, parallel group, randomized clinical trial (primary care) was conducted in 358 adults diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, whether receiving prior drug therapy or not. "
5.	Bariatric Surgery 03/01/2016 - "We describe a case of transient severe hypercholesterolemia after bariatric surgery treated successfully with increased food intake. " 03/01/2016 - "Transient severe hypercholesterolemia following bariatric surgery treated successfully with increased food intake." 12/01/2008 - "Bariatric surgery improved all traditional cardiovascular risk states except hypercholesterolemia over 10 years. " 11/20/2023 - "Several negative factors in the evolution of BMI were identified such as female sex, hypercholesterolemia, family history of bariatric surgery, or eating behavior. " 03/01/2005 - "The presence of hypercholesterolemia is currently not considered a selection criteria for performing gastric restrictive or diversionary bariatric surgery. "