Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. This is a key enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.5.

Also Known As:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase; HMG-CoA synthase; 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase; A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme; CoA Synthase, HMG; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Synthase; Synthase, HMG CoA; Synthase, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; synthase, HMG-CoA; HMG CoA Synthase; (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating)

Networked: 40 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes: 1
- Enzymes: 152586
  - Transferases: 6589
    - Acyltransferases: 374
      - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase: 40
        3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 2 Deficiency: 2
        human HMGCS1 protein
        human HMGCS2 protein
        mouse HMGCS2 protein

Experts

1.	Haro, Diego: 2 articles (08/2004 - 03/2003)
2.	Han, Peipei: 1 article (11/2021)
3.	Li, Danping: 1 article (11/2021)
4.	Li, Limei: 1 article (11/2021)
5.	Li, Ping: 1 article (11/2021)
6.	Lu, Yunliang: 1 article (11/2021)
7.	Luo, Wenqi: 1 article (11/2021)
8.	Matskova, Liudmila: 1 article (11/2021)
9.	Wang, Yifang: 1 article (11/2021)
10.	Wu, Shu: 1 article (11/2021)

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 07/01/1968 - "2. When expressed on the basis of body weight, no appreciable differences were found between the activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase in whole homogenates of livers from normal and starved rats. " 01/01/1991 - "4. These results confirm the hypercholesterolemia which occurs in the obese phenotype of the corpulent rat strains, and indicates that ACB may bring about significant reductions in body weight and fatness, TC, and in improved beta:alpha lipoprotein ratios and HMG-CoA synthase activity in obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 05/01/2013 - "However, on the ad libitum-fed high-fat diet the L-FABP (-/-) mice exhibited: (1) decreased hepatic long chain fatty acid (LCFA) β-oxidation as indicated by lower serum β-hydroxybutyrate level; (2) decreased hepatic protein levels of key enzymes mitochondrial (rate limiting carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase A1, CPT1A; HMG-CoA synthase) and peroxisomal (acyl CoA oxidase 1, ACOX1) LCFA β-oxidation; (3) increased fat tissue mass (FTM) and FTM/energy intake to the greatest extent; and (4) exacerbated body weight gain, weight gain/energy intake, liver weight, and liver weight/body weight to the greatest extent. "
2.	Obesity 01/01/1991 - "4. These results confirm the hypercholesterolemia which occurs in the obese phenotype of the corpulent rat strains, and indicates that ACB may bring about significant reductions in body weight and fatness, TC, and in improved beta:alpha lipoprotein ratios and HMG-CoA synthase activity in obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
3.	Hypercholesterolemia 01/01/1991 - "4. These results confirm the hypercholesterolemia which occurs in the obese phenotype of the corpulent rat strains, and indicates that ACB may bring about significant reductions in body weight and fatness, TC, and in improved beta:alpha lipoprotein ratios and HMG-CoA synthase activity in obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
4.	Starvation 01/06/2016 - "Interestingly, renal as well as hepatic expression of HMG-CoA synthase 2 increased with prolonged starvation. " 01/15/2001 - "However, we have shown that starvation of 2-week-old piglets increased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase to a level similar to that observed in starved rats (S. " 05/15/1997 - "The enzyme activity of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase increased 27-fold during starvation in piglets, but remained one order of magnitude lower than rats. " 11/15/1993 - "Regulation of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase protein by starvation, fat feeding, and diabetes." 03/25/1990 - "Starvation of CHO-K1 cells for mevalonic acid by treatment with mevinolin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, or mevalonate deprivation in a mevalonate auxotroph defective in HMG-CoA synthase activity results in the accumulation of pro-p21ras. "
5.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 01/01/2020 - "In a previous investigation, we demonstrated that cultured hepatoma cells treated with hypercholesterolaemic sera compared with cells treated with normocholesterolaemic sera show overexpression of mRNAs related to mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS2). " 09/01/1997 - "COUP-TF induces expression of a reporter gene linked to the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene promoter in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, but represses it in a Leydig tumour cell line (R2C); in both these cell lines the expression of the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene mimics that of liver and testis. " 11/01/1993 - "Moreover, treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine of a hepatoma-derived cell line that presents barely detectable levels of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase mRNA leads to a significant increase in the mRNA levels. " 01/01/2013 - "Here we found that forced expression of a constitutively active form of ATF6α, ATF6(N), stimulated the expression of cholesterogenic genes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, HMG-CoA synthase, and squalene synthase, and de novo cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma Huh-7 cells. " 06/15/1989 - "To determine whether two of these processes, cholesterol biosynthesis and receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), are co-ordinately regulated in human liver, we employed a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and measured the accumulation of mRNA for LDL receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and HMG-CoA synthase under a variety of conditions. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	HDL Lipoproteins
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases (HMG CoA Reductase)
4.	Enzymes
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Insulin (Novolin)
7.	Geranyltranstransferase
8.	PPAR alpha
9.	LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)
10.	Mevalonic Acid (Mevalonate)