Hydrocephalus (Hydrocephaly)

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2651 relevant articles (105 outcomes, 196 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA (and in infants macrocephaly). This condition may be caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways due to neurologic abnormalities, INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions. Impaired resorption of cerebrospinal fluid from the arachnoid villi results in a communicating form of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo refers to ventricular dilation that occurs as a result of brain substance loss from CEREBRAL INFARCTION and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Hydrocephaly; Congenital Hydrocephalus; Hydrocephalus, Obstructive; Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo; Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo; Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuos; Hydrocephalus, Communicating; Hydrocephalus, Congenital; Hydrocephalus, Post-Traumatic; Post Traumatic Hydrocephalus; Communicating Hydrocephalus; Obstructive Hydrocephalus; Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3414

Central Nervous System Diseases: 930

Brain Diseases: 1120

Hydrocephalus: 2651

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: 205

Dandy-Walker Syndrome: 43

Intracranial Hypertension: 961

Hydrocephalus: 2651

Dandy-Walker Syndrome: 43

Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities: 421

Diseases Newborn Infant

Hydrocephalus: 2651

Dandy-Walker Syndrome: 43

Related Diseases

1.	Cysts
2.	Hydrocephalus (Hydrocephaly)
3.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
4.	Meningitis
5.	Infection

Experts

1.	Del Bigio, Marc R: 7 articles (10/2007 - 08/2002)
2.	Khan, Osaama H: 4 articles (10/2007 - 06/2003)
3.	Obladen, Michael: 4 articles (06/2007 - 04/2002)
4.	Brinker, Thomas: 4 articles (05/2007 - 02/2002)
5.	Etus, Volkan: 3 articles (09/2008 - 08/2003)
6.	Miller, Janet M: 3 articles (06/2008 - 11/2004)
7.	McAllister, James P: 3 articles (06/2008 - 12/2006)
8.	McAllister, J P: 3 articles (05/2008 - 01/2000)
9.	Grunert, P: 3 articles (10/2007 - 09/2002)
10.	Singh, A K: 3 articles (08/2007 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hydrocephalus:

1.	SteroidsIBA 11/01/2006 - "They did not improve and hydrocephalus was complicated in August, though he was treated by steroids" 11/01/1998 - "Also, all the patients received adjuvant treatment with steroids early in the course of treatment, and 140 of 172 cases with hydrocephalus had surgical intervention" 02/01/1989 - "Effect of steroids on intracranial pressure and pressure-volume index in patients with hydrocephalus]" 09/01/1996 - "Baseline agenesis of the corpus callosum with hydrocephalus and the patient's course in the face of the known effects of steroids on white matter lend support to the hypothesis that stuttering reflects anomalous dominance and/or atypical interhemispheric connectivity, as evidenced by the fact that presumed alterations of white matter tracts affected speech rhythms/stuttering." 11/01/1986 - "Management of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors by steroids and subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 01/01/1972 - "Control of hydrocephalus by intraventricular radioactive colloid." 11/01/1996 - "Stereotactic transventricular microsurgical resection provided safe and effective management of patients with colloid cysts, even in the absence of hydrocephalus." 08/01/1994 - "The two techniques were compared for operating time, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, recurrence, and hydrocephalus, and days spent recuperating before return to work to determine if endoscopic removal of colloid cysts is a safe and effective alternative to microsurgery" 11/01/2008 - "A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus and a third ventricle colloid cyst, which was removed by use of the transcallosal approach" 11/01/2008 - "Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed acute obstructive hydrocephalus attributable to a third ventricular colloid cyst, which was removed after emergent ventricular drainage" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1980 - "Acetazolamide-induced improvement in hydrocephalus." 04/09/2005 - "Complete resolution of chronic hydrocephalus of adult with acetazolamide]" 01/01/2002 - "Global cortical CBF and CVR in 60 patients (66 +/- 12 yrs) with chronic hydrocephalus were investigated before, one week (7 d) and 7 months (7 m) after shunting by 15-O-H2O PET (Siemens ECAT 951/31) at rest and after application of acetazolamide (1 g)" 01/01/1993 - "The 21 survivors after bilateral III IVH had 19 regressive dilatations (6 spontaneous and 13 with acetazolamide), and 2 hydrocephalus (2 VPS)" 01/01/1991 - "Twelve infants with hydrocephalus were treated with acetazolamide" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 11/01/1997 - "Effective use of appropriate antibiotics and shunt procedures have improved the outcome of post meningitic hydrocephalus of bacterial origin but the same is not true with that of fungal origin, which still carries high mortality and morbidity." 09/01/1994 - "No other report of the relation of intrathecal infusion of antibiotics and the development of hydrocephalus was found" 05/01/1991 - "In four children with "low dynamic" hydrocephalus the shunts were removed and antibiotics were given intravenously only" 12/01/1989 - "Ventricular drainage was carried out to control the hydrocephalus and antibiotics were given intravenously" 05/01/1988 - "Of 82 previously published cases under 1 year old, 41 cases died and 16 of survivors developed hydrocephalus because the organism was resistant to many antibiotics" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase)FDA Link 07/01/1996 - "AIM: Phase I study to evaluate intraventricular fibrinolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a method of clearing blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and thus preventing permanent hydrocephalus" 07/01/1996 - "Phase I study of intraventricular recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus." 10/01/2003 - "We treated three newborn infants (one term, two preterm) with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a thrombolytic agent, injected into the ventricles with a spinal needle" 04/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is effective in resolving IVH causing obstructive hydrocephalus and uncontrollable ICP posing a life-threatening situation, secondary to ruptured arteriovenous malformation, before surgical intervention." 10/01/1998 - "CONCLUSION: With obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to acute traumatic IVH that cannot be controlled with EVD because of recurrent obstruction from intraventricular blood, intraventricular recombinant-tissue plasminogen activator can be effective and safe, despite preexisting multiple hemorrhagic intracranial injuries." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	cytidylyl-(3'-5')-cytidine (CpC)IBA 12/01/1995 - "The results of this study suggest that CPC and VC measurements may be valuable when hydrocephalus is suspected and there are equivocal ventricular/hemispheric width measurements." 09/01/2004 - "CPC caused hydrocephalus in 82% of patients at diagnosis" 11/01/2008 - "Combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) was previously shown to treat hydrocephalus more effectively than ETV alone in infants < 1 year of age" 12/01/2005 - "In developing countries in which a dependence on shunts is dangerous, ETV-CPC may be the best option for treating hydrocephalus in infants, particularly for those with NPIH and myelomeningocele." 11/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: Using ETV-CPC appears to successfully provide a more durable primary treatment of hydrocephalus for infants with spina bifida than does shunt placement" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Furosemide (Lasix)FDA LinkGeneric 05/16/2007 - "From the medical point of view, treatment with pharmacological agents such as azetazolamide or furosemide offers more drawbacks than advantages as far as their capacity to prevent hydrocephalus is concerned" 07/01/2001 - "Furosemide was found to be effective in management of bronchoconstriction accompanying chronic lung disease and narrowing of the upper respiratory airways; in hydrocephalus in infancy to avoid cerebrospinal fluid shunts; in some diagnostic procedures, such as an assessment of fetal and neonatal hydronephrosis; and in evaluation of different types of renal tubular acidosis" 03/01/1999 - "The authors evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) and furosemide (FUR) in avoiding ventricular shunting procedures in preterm infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and increased intracranial pressure (ICP)" 01/01/2003 - "Conservative treatment with acetazolamide and furosemide does not seem to confer any advantage to the management of posthemorragic hydrocephalus" 01/01/2001 - "Acetazolamide and furosemide cannot be recommended as therapy for post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Cefotaxime (Kendrick)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1998 - "In spite of rapid clearance of the organism from the cerebrospinal fluid with intravenous cefotaxime, fever persisted over 8 days of therapy and infection was complicated by hydrocephalus" 01/12/1980 - "Nine children were cured; in one case infection (with a different organism) recurred but a further course of cefotaxime was successful; one child died, with sterile CSF; one child died from his underlying disease (astrocytoma); and one child was cured with sequelae (hydrocephalus)" 01/01/1985 - "Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis, usually secondary in shunted hydrocephalus, brain tumors, brain injury or other causes, should not be treated with cefotaxime because of its limited activity on these bacteria" 11/08/2002 - "The developed SPE-HPLC method was applied for cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime determination in cerebrospinal fluid of children with hydrocephalus after intraventricular administration." 07/01/1993 - "Patients who had undergone external ventriculostomies for noninflammatory occlusive hydrocephalus received either cefotaxime (2 g/30 min) or ceftriaxone (2 g/30 min) to treat extracerebral infections" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	KaolinIBA 05/01/2008 - "Because a significant portion of CSF absorption occurs into extracranial lymphatics located in the olfactory turbinates, the purpose of this study was to determine whether CSF transport was compromised at this location in a kaolin-induced communicating (extraventricular) hydrocephalus model in rats" 03/01/2007 - "PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacophysiological significance of the enteric nervous system for the mechanical responses of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in infantile rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus" 01/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the time course of adult kaolin-induced hydrocephalus correlated with immunohistochemical neuronal responses" 02/08/2002 - "The present study describes the biochemical changes, morphological development and the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of the kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in the adult rat" 01/01/2002 - "AIM: To study regional and temporal pattern of glial and neuronal reaction to induction of kaolin hydrocephalus in adult rats" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Neurotransmitter Agents (Neurotransmitter)IBA 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hydrocephalus on neurotransmitter-rich circumventricular organ systems" 09/01/1997 - "The present study indicates that ventriculoperitoneal shunting may improve the changes in concentrations of neurotransmitter in specific neurons caused by hydrocephalus, and this may contribute to the improvement of the symptoms." 09/01/1997 - "This study investigated the relationship between neurotransmitters and improvement of symptoms after ventriculoperitoneal shunting in congenital hydrocephalus (LEW-HYR) rats" 01/01/1989 - "Many studies have been reported about the changes of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in hydrocephalus, and it is presumed that neurotransmitters may play a role in the regulation of CSF dynamics" 06/01/2008 - "Functional and behavioral disturbances associated with hydrocephalus may be due to altered neurotransmitters in the brain" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ventriculostomy 12/01/2008 - "Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: the best option in the treatment of persistent hydrocephalus after posterior cranial fossa tumour removal?" 10/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy (NTV) successfully relieved hydrocephalus in the short term in 45 of 47 cases and in the longer term in 39 of 47 cases" 01/01/1989 - "Based on the clinical picture and the hydromechanical balance between the two separate CSF compartments one could distinguish two different patterns: (1) unbalanced high pressure hydrocephalus which improved after third ventriculostomy, and (2) balanced high pressure hydrocephalus which had to have a ventriculo-atrial shunt" 04/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy is effective for hydrocephalus due to aqueduct obstruction, and may yield satisfactory short-term results" 01/01/2007 - "INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is accepted as an effective treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus (OHC); however, its benefit in patients previously treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting remains unclear" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 08/01/2004 - "However, the optimal post-operative resistance for different hydrocephalus types is unknown, and randomised clinical trials are needed to confirm improved outcome and reduced complication rate for the Sinushunt compared with traditional low resistance ventriculoperitoneal shunts" 01/01/1978 - "A CT scan and vertebral angiogram demonstrated an ectatic basilar artery obstructing the posterior third ventricle; the resulting hydrocephalus was relieved by a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and the patient's symptoms resolved completely." 06/01/1996 - "The imaging studies have shown that both hydrocephalus and leukoencephalopathy have improved significantly after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion" 12/01/1981 - "Ventriculoperitoneal shunts showed good results in the treatment of hydrocephalus in 89.4% of the cases in the immediate post-operative time and this number drop to 88.2% at the eighteen post-operative month" 01/01/2003 - "Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation was performed for hydrocephalus on September 26, 2001, and her clinical symptoms were further improved" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Decompression 04/01/1994 - "The leptomeningeal enhancement resolved completely after decompression of the hydrocephalus" 12/01/2006 - "In transient absorptive hydrocephalus, temporary measures were effective in many cases leading to successful procedures of ETV and/or posterior-fossa decompression in selected cases" 10/01/2002 - "CASE REPORT: A case of Chiari I malformation is reported, in which foramen magnum decompression was followed by delayed onset of acute hydrocephalus after a week" 01/01/1991 - "Posterior fossa decompression resulted in improvement in neurologic function and relief of hydrocephalus." 01/01/2001 - "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few reports have documented signal abnormalities within the corpus callosum on MR studies obtained after ventricular decompression in patients with hydrocephalus" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2005 - "The first patient, a 64-year-old woman, developed obstructive hydrocephalus 10 years after the initial diagnosis of MM. The disease has been successfully treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy" 08/20/2008 - "Male sex, longer symptomatic interval, pre-CRT chemotherapy, pre-existing endocrine deficiencies, hydrocephalus, and younger age at CRT (< 5 years) were predictive of a significant decline in reading scores over time" 01/01/2006 - "3) Hydrocephalus may also appear despite a regular chemotherapy in treated TBM cases" 04/01/2005 - "RESULTS: The presence of hydrocephalus was related to poorer academics, but outcome was not related to radiation dose, extent of surgery, or treatment with chemotherapy" 09/01/2003 - "Of the 22 patients without initial hydrocephalus, hydrocephalus developed after commencement of chemotherapy in one patient only" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Endoscopes 08/01/2007 - "The authors note that fiberscopes are in general more maneuverable than rigid endoscopes and conclude that they are particularly useful for the treatment of this type of hydrocephalus." 02/01/2001 - "It is now the first-line treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus in this center and also for patients with shunt failure who are anatomically suitable, having cerebrospinal fluid spaces large enough to admit the endoscope" 01/01/2008 - "At the beginning of the 20th century, the first attempts to use an endoscope in the treatment of hydrocephalus have been made with encouraging results" 05/01/2006 - "METHODS: In 15 cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, a transparent endoscopic sheath and a rigid endoscope were used for ETV" 05/01/2006 - "In cases of hydrocephalus in conjunction with deformed and complex ventricular anatomy, it is preferable to use a rigid-rod endoscope for ETV, because the excellent visibility provided by this instrument yields a smooth and correct orientation in the ventricle" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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