Hookworm Infections (Hookworm Infection)

Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.

Also Known As:

Networked: 452 relevant articles (42 outcomes, 59 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Trichuriasis
3.	Ascariasis
4.	Celiac Disease (Celiac Sprue)
5.	Coinfection

Experts

1.	Loukas, Alex: 34 articles (01/2022 - 08/2004)
2.	Hotez, Peter J: 33 articles (12/2021 - 01/2004)
3.	Bethony, Jeffrey M: 22 articles (07/2021 - 10/2005)
4.	Zhan, Bin: 17 articles (01/2018 - 02/2005)
5.	Cappello, Michael: 13 articles (07/2022 - 04/2003)
6.	Keiser, Jennifer: 12 articles (12/2021 - 04/2008)
7.	Bottazzi, Maria Elena: 12 articles (07/2021 - 10/2005)
8.	Giacomin, Paul: 8 articles (01/2022 - 02/2015)
9.	Harrison, Lisa M: 8 articles (01/2022 - 01/2006)
10.	Hotez, Peter: 8 articles (01/2021 - 11/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hookworm Infections:

1.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 09/25/2017 - "All drugs were highly efficacious against A lumbricoides Albendazole showed the highest efficacy against hookworm infections with a cure rate of 79.5% (95% confidence interval 71.5% to 85.6%) and an egg reduction rate of 89.6% (81.9% to 97.3%). " 09/25/2017 - "While only albendazole showed good efficacy against hookworm infection, all drugs had low efficacy against T trichiura The decrease in efficacy of albendazole against T trichiura over the past two decades is of concern. " 07/01/2007 - "Albendazole appeared to be more effective against hookworm infection (egg reduction rate of 95% versus 94.2%, p = 0.04). " 03/20/2021 - "A single dose of albendazole was found to be effective for treating hookworm infections according to WHO anthelminthic evaluation standard in the study area. " 03/20/2021 - "In vivo and in vitro efficacy of a single dose of albendazole against hookworm infection in northwest Ethiopia: open-label trial."
2.	Mebendazole (Anti-Worm)FDA Link 10/01/2002 - "A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there." 05/27/2020 - "This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of single (500 mg) versus multiple doses (100 mg twice a day during three consecutive days) of mebendazole against hookworm infections among school-aged children. " 05/27/2020 - "Efficacy of a single dose versus a multiple dose regimen of Mebendazole against hookworm infections among school children: a randomized open-label trial." 07/01/1978 - "[Efficacy of mebendazole in hookworm infection by Ancylostoma duodenale (author's transl)]." 07/01/2018 - "Our study confirms that the curative effect of a single dose mebendazole is not sufficient for treating hookworm infections and that alternative, more effective treatments, as a multiple dose mebendazole regimens might be considered, in particular in persistent hotspot settings."
3.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2022 - "We demonstrated for the first time that p3-based vaccine candidates are safer and can deliver higher protection against hookworm infection compared with the clinical vaccine candidate, Na-APR-1." 05/01/2018 - "Controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) is a central component of a proposed hookworm vaccination-challenge model (HVCM) to test the efficacy of candidate vaccines. " 10/01/2005 - "These studies suggest that Ac-GST-1 is a possible drug and vaccine target for hookworm infection." 12/01/2021 - "Control of human hookworm infection would be greatly aided by the development of an effective vaccine. " 12/01/2021 - "More recently, experimental hookworm infection has been performed to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of hookworm infection and for the evaluation of hookworm vaccines and chemotherapeutic interventions. "
4.	Glutens (Glutelin)IBA 12/01/2020 - "Hookworm infection does not restore tolerance to sustained moderate consumption of gluten (2 g/d) but was associated with improved symptom scores after intermittent consumption of lower, intermittent gluten doses." 02/01/2015 - "Parasitic helminths hold promise for treating inflammatory disorders, so we examined the influence of experimental hookworm infection on the predicted outcomes of escalating gluten challenges in CeD subjects. " 12/01/2020 - "Previous studies suggested that hookworm infection restores gluten tolerance; however, these studies were small (n = 12) and not placebo controlled. " 09/18/2015 - "Experimental hookworm infection of the trial subjects resulted in maintenance of the composition of the intestinal flora, even after a moderate gluten challenge. " 11/09/2016 - "Hookworm infection and gluten exposure were associated with an increased abundance of species within the Bacteroides phylum, as well as increases in the richness and diversity of the tissue-resident microbiota within the intestine, results that are consistent with previous reports using other helminth species in humans and animal models. "
5.	PyrantelIBA 12/01/1997 - "duodenale is resistant to pyrantel and despite its relatively low cost and wide availability, should not be considered a drug of choice at this dose rate in the treatment of hookworm infections (A. " 12/01/1997 - "Failure of pyrantel in treatment of human hookworm infections (Ancylostoma duodenale) in the Kimberley region of north west Australia." 04/01/1984 - "Relative efficacy of mebendazole and pyrantel in hookworm infection. " 01/01/2018 - "We demonstrate that Cry5B strongly synergizes in vivo with both tribendimidine and pyrantel at specific dose ratios against hookworm infections. " 01/01/1990 - "[Effect of albendazole and pyrantel in treating intestinal helminthiasis and controlling the recurrence of hookworm infections]."
6.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2018 - "Cry5B, a pore-forming protein produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has demonstrated good efficacy against Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm infections in hamsters. " 01/01/2006 - "However, the results of many vaccination trials using recombinant forms of these proteins showed no sufficient protection against experimental hookworm infections." 10/01/2017 - "Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that host immunosuppression by hookworms is orchestrated by ES proteins and provide mechanisms underlying the shift towards a nonhealing Th-1 profile as seen in humans suffering from hookworm infection." 01/01/2009 - "This work identified a suite of proteins important for the parasitic lifestyle and provides new insight into the biology of hookworm infection." 01/01/1971 - "Gastro-intestinal protein loss in patients with hookworm infection."
7.	Pyrantel Pamoate (Pyrantel Embonate)IBA 06/01/1988 - "Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. " 07/01/1975 - "Mass treatment of hookworm infection with single dose of pyrantel pamoate." 02/10/1973 - "Pyrantel pamoate for human hookworm infection." 10/01/1972 - "Evaluation of pyrantel pamoate (Conbantrin) in hookworm infections." 04/01/1971 - "Preliminary report on pyrantel pamoate in the treatment of human hookworm infection."
8.	IronIBA 03/01/1981 - "Although probable inadequate uptake of iron by the subjects and blood donation by some subjects was apparently more detrimental to iron status than hookworm infection, the results of this study support the view that hookworm infection in this country contributes to lowered haemoglobin levels and iron status." 06/01/1971 - "Studies on iron metabolism, the production and loss of red blood cells with reference to iron reserves in experimental hookworm infection." 01/01/2018 - "Efforts to improve the nutritional status of this high-risk age group require nutrition that focus on eating habits, sanitation, iron supplementation and the treatment of hookworm infection." 10/05/2016 - "Hookworm infection in Cambodian schoolchildren was associated with lower cognitive performance, an effect most likely mediated through lower body iron. " 10/05/2016 - "Body iron was negatively associated with increased intensity of hookworm infection (R = 0.22, P < 0.001). "
9.	AnthelminticsIBA 12/15/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy of the 3 major classes of anthelmintics used for the treatment of hookworms in dogs in the US and an extralabel treatment with an FDA-approved product for use in cats in a Labrador kennel with a history of persistent hookworm infections. " 01/01/1993 - "In a preliminary trial several anthelmintics were evaluated in the treatment of mixed Oesophagostomum and hookworm infections. " 01/01/2020 - "Effective control of hookworm infections in humans and animals relies on using a small group of anthelmintics. " 12/09/2019 - "However, in the past few years, cases of recurrent/persistent canine hookworm infections appear to have dramatically increased, suggesting that anthelmintic resistance (AR) may have evolved in this parasite. " 01/01/2019 - "caninum ACR-16 may be a valid target site for the development of anthelmintics against hookworm infections."
10.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 08/01/2010 - "One small previous study found that praziquantel reduced hookworm infection. " 08/01/2010 - "Reduction in hookworm infection after praziquantel treatment among children and young adults in Leyte, the Philippines." 08/01/2010 - "Control programs using praziquantel may have the added benefit of reducing hookworm infection and anemia in areas of coendemnicity." 06/01/2002 - "Here, we report a study among 96 schoolchildren from an area highly endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infection, and place particular emphasis on the effect of praziquantel on the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infections. " 06/01/2002 - "Reduction in the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infections after praziquantel treatment for schistosomiasis infection."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2021 - "While experimental human hookworm infection holds significant promise, as both a challenge model for testing anti-hookworm therapies and for treating various diseases of modernity, there are many challenges that present. " 01/01/2012 - "Here, we ask whether single-dose Cry5B can provide therapy against a hookworm infection and whether C. " 01/30/1995 - "The article also reviews the current literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy of hookworm infection." 11/01/2023 - "This article broadly outlines the utility of plant-based compounds or botanicals prepared from various medicinal herbs that have the potential to be developed as effective therapies against the important parasites causing ascariasis and intestinal hookworm infections leading to ascariasis & infections and thereby human mortality, wherein allopathic treatments are less effective and causes enormous side-effects." 07/04/2016 - "To discover new drugs, we employ a hamster model of hookworm infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum and use albendazole (ABZ; 10 mg/kg orally) as the gold standard therapy. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2021 - "Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between Hb concentration and hookworm infection intensity (from cross-sectional studies) and the effect of preventive chemotherapy on Hb concentration (from before-after studies and RCTs). " 10/22/2015 - "Feasibility of controlling hookworm infection through preventive chemotherapy: a simulation study using the individual-based WORMSIM modelling framework." 06/01/2023 - "We employed two nationally representative school-based prevalence surveys of Schistosoma haematobium and hookworm infections from Ghana conducted before (2008) and after (2015) the introduction of large-scale preventive chemotherapy. " 12/01/2021 - "To assess the impact of hookworm infection and preventive chemotherapy on haemoglobin levels in non-pregnant populations in endemic areas. " 12/01/2021 - "Impact of hookworm infection and preventive chemotherapy on haemoglobin in non-pregnant populations."
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 12/01/2023 - "To investigate associations between hookworm infection and the gut microbiome, we examined stool samples from consented participants who were either cured or remained infected after treatment. " 01/01/2013 - "We assessed ABZ efficacy and SNP frequencies before and after treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections. " 04/01/2009 - "Hookworm infections did not re-appear after treatment. " 03/01/1975 - "The intensity of hookworm infections was considered mild and after treatment the numbers of eggs in the stools diminished or disappeared. " 12/01/2023 - "Individuals cured of hookworm infection after treatment showed a significant reduction in microbiota composition when compared to their pre-treatment state (ANOSIM; p = 0.02), whilst individuals who failed to clear the infection showed no change in microbiota composition (ANOSIM; p = 0.35). "
4.	Topical Administration 08/23/2000 - "These studies have shown that monthly topical administration of selamectin is safe and highly effective in the treatment of naturally acquired ascarid and hookworm infections in cats."
5.	Mass Drug Administration 01/01/2017 - "The predictions of two mathematical models of the transmission dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infection and the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) are compared, using data from India. " 01/01/2017 - "Comparison and validation of two mathematical models for the impact of mass drug administration on Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infection." 01/01/2020 - "Impact of annual and semi-annual mass drug administration for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis on Hookworm Infection in Côte d'Ivoire." 04/27/2016 - "Although mass drug administration (MDA) has helped reduce morbidity attributed to soil-transmitted helminth infections in children, its limitations for hookworm infection have motivated the development of a human hookworm vaccine to both improve morbidity control and ultimately help block hookworm transmission leading to elimination. " 01/01/2022 - "Global control of hookworm infections relies on periodic Mass Drug Administration of benzimidazole drugs to high-risk groups, regardless of infection status. "