Hirudins

Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation and are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN.

Also Known As:

Networked: 707 relevant articles (88 outcomes, 125 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Harenberg, J: 7 articles (01/2015 - 01/2000)
2.	Koster, A: 7 articles (02/2001 - 01/2000)
3.	Kuppe, H: 7 articles (02/2001 - 01/2000)
4.	Greinacher, A: 6 articles (08/2002 - 08/2000)
5.	Hetzer, R: 6 articles (02/2001 - 01/2000)
6.	Mertzlufft, F: 6 articles (02/2001 - 02/2000)
7.	Hoffmann, U: 6 articles (01/2001 - 01/2000)
8.	Huhle, G: 6 articles (01/2001 - 01/2000)
9.	Mo, Wei: 5 articles (11/2022 - 08/2009)
10.	Lubenow, N: 5 articles (08/2002 - 08/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Thrombosis (Thrombus) 04/01/1995 - "Patency rates at 120 minutes were only improved by the 1.00 mg/kg hirudin dose, and in accord, thrombus weights were significantly reduced only by the 1.00 mg/kg dose of hirudin. " 02/01/1994 - "Little improvement in the incidence of reocclusion and mortality in a model of coronary artery thrombosis/thrombolysis resulted from adjunctive treatment with r-hirudin." 01/01/2022 - "In this study, the antithrombotic effect of recombinant neorudin (EPR-hirudin, EH) was evaluated using a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. " 01/01/2005 - "In previous studies with r-hirudin in this model, platelet deposition was limited to a monolayer with complete inhibition of macroscopic thrombus. " 12/01/2022 - "Biomimetic Nanoplatelets to Target Delivery Hirudin for Site-Specific Photothermal/Photodynamic Thrombolysis and Preventing Venous Thrombus Formation."
2.	Myocardial Infarction 01/01/2004 - "When applied in an appropriate dose as adjunct to thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction, randomized, controlled trials did not show a consistent benefit of r-hirudins, especially in the long-term. " 01/01/2004 - "In angiographic trials there were trends for patients treated with hirudin to be more likely to achieve Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow at 90 minutes than patients treated with UFH (65% versus 57% in TIMI-5; 41% versus 33% in Hirudin for the Improvement of Thrombolysis [HIT]-4; statistically nonsignificant differences in both trials). " 12/01/1996 - "The predominant effect of hirudin was on myocardial infarction or reinfarction and was not influenced by ST-segment status. " 09/01/1996 - "Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction. " 01/01/1995 - "Hirudin in Acute Myocardial Infarction."
3.	Venous Thrombosis (Deep-Vein Thrombosis) 03/01/1995 - "The aim of the study was to check the safety and clinical and radiographic efficacy of recombinant hirudin administered subcutaneously to patients with recent deep venous thrombosis and to analyse the pharmacokinetics of the product and its effects on tests of coagulation. " 01/01/2006 - "Successful treatment of mesenterial venous thrombosis with recombinant hirudin--a report of five cases." 10/01/2002 - "Hirudin for prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis." 01/01/2000 - "We present a case of progressive ileofemoral deep venous thrombosis in a patient with a history of HIT in order to review the combined use of hirudin and thrombolysis in this setting." 05/01/1995 - "Prevention of experimental venous thrombosis in rabbits with different low molecular weight heparins, dermatan sulphate and hirudin."
4.	Acute Coronary Syndrome 06/01/1996 - "Clinical trials of recombinant hirudin in acute coronary syndromes." 01/01/2004 - "In acute coronary syndromes, a definite role of r-hirudins has not yet been firmly established. " 10/01/2002 - "Hirudin in acute coronary syndromes." 01/01/1997 - "Hirudin in Acute Coronary Syndromes: When Cents Override Good Sense." 01/01/2002 - "Efficacy of hirudin in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention."
5.	Hemorrhage 01/01/2004 - "Neither TIMI-9B nor GUSTO-IIB showed an improvement in efficacy (death or reinfarction) or an increase in bleeding with hirudin. " 02/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate hirudin (HIR) derivatives with low bleeding risk. " 01/01/2022 - "Compared with an equimolar dose of hirudin, the antithrombotic effect of EH was similar, while the bleeding side effects were significantly attenuated. " 01/01/2021 - "Recently, increasing researches have focused on the anti-thrombotic activity of the derivatives of hirudin, mainly because these derivatives have stronger antithrombotic activity and lower bleeding risk. " 02/01/2017 - "Recombinant hirudin (r-Hir) displays certain drawbacks including bleeding and immunogenicity. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Heparin (Liquaemin)
2.	Thrombin
3.	Antithrombins
4.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)
5.	lepirudin (Refludan)
6.	Anticoagulants
7.	bivalirudin (Angiomax)
8.	desirudin (Iprivask)
9.	argatroban (MPQA)
10.	Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
3.	Thrombolytic Therapy
4.	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
5.	Intravenous Administration