Heart Failure

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Also Known As:

Networked: 98946 relevant articles (7494 outcomes, 16400 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Myocardial Infarction
3.	Atrial Fibrillation
4.	Left Ventricular Dysfunction
5.	Heart Failure

Experts

1.	McMurray, John J V: 491 articles (11/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Butler, Javed: 457 articles (10/2022 - 06/2003)
3.	Solomon, Scott D: 429 articles (11/2022 - 11/2003)
4.	Fonarow, Gregg C: 429 articles (07/2022 - 01/2002)
5.	Anker, Stefan D: 398 articles (10/2022 - 01/2002)
6.	Zannad, Faiez: 378 articles (10/2022 - 04/2003)
7.	Metra, Marco: 364 articles (10/2022 - 02/2002)
8.	Ponikowski, Piotr: 363 articles (08/2022 - 04/2003)
9.	Voors, Adriaan A: 345 articles (10/2022 - 07/2004)
10.	van Veldhuisen, Dirk J: 345 articles (10/2022 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Heart Failure:

1.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA 11/01/2000 - "Although most primary care physicians stated they prescribe ACE inhibitors in heart failure, this was for only 47-62% of patients, and at doses below those identified as effective in trials. " 02/25/2010 - "ACE-inhibitor related improvement in mortality was most predominant in chronic heart failure patients with high CITP levels. " 10/02/1990 - "An understanding of the renal effects of ACE inhibitors permits their safe and effective use in most patients with congestive heart failure." 12/01/1997 - "Several studies document an underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in heart failure (HF) patients, despite their proven efficacy and good tolerability. " 12/01/2002 - "This is important since interventions that have been shown to improve mortality in patients with heart failure such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and beta-blockers had a favorable impact on the LV remodeling process. "
2.	DiureticsIBA 06/01/2020 - "Authors have highlighted and discussed the common aspects and future perspectives of their cases in which post-discharge intermittent empirical intravenous diuretic administration dramatically improved the clinical status and readmission number due to decompensated congestive heart failure. " 07/01/2017 - "Diuretics are the most commonly prescribed class of drugs in patients with heart failure, and in the short term they remain the most effective treatment for relief from fluid congestion. " 03/01/2000 - "In addition to their clinical benefits, diuretics are the most cost-effective treatment of any single drug group currently available for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure." 10/27/2023 - "A significant reduction in daily diuretic doses and hospitalizations due to heart failure was observed following the use of ARNi (all comparisons, P < .001). " 07/19/2023 - "Compared to diuretics, treatment with ultrafiltration was associated with a significant reduction in heart failure hospitalizations (risk ratio [RR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.96, p = 0.02) and significant increase in weight and net fluid loss (mean difference [MD]: -1.55, CI: -2.36 to -0.74, p = 0.0002) and (MD: -2.10, CI: -3.32 to -0.89, p = 0.0007), respectively. "
3.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 02/01/2003 - "The results of several recent clinical trials have shown that administration of nesiritide is safe and highly effective for the initial treatment of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure and can help physicians and nurses meet treatment goals for the management of patients with this serious condition." 01/01/2021 - "The results of NMA and SUCRA showed that with conventional treatment (CT) as a common control, in terms of clinical efficacy, CT + XML was most effective in New York Heart Association cardiac functional classification efficiency, brain natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; the CT + SM was most effective in 6-min walking test, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and cardiac output; the CT + YQFM was most effective in left ventricular ejection fraction; the CT + HQ was most effective in stroke volume; the CT + SF was most effective in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. " 11/01/2004 - "Nesiritide has proven to be an effective new treatment for patients with decompensated heart failure." 03/01/2004 - "Nesiritide is a newer neurohormonal agent with proven efficacy and safety for use in decompensated heart failure, but appropriate patient selection has been challenging for clinicians. " 07/09/2021 - "Moreover, EECP was beneficial for left ventricular ejection fraction (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI,0.29 to 1.00; P = .0004), and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (SMD = -0.61; 95%CI, -1.20 to -0.01; P = 0.04).However, compared with the control groups, EECP did not significantly reduce the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire scores(WMD, -9.28; 95% CI, -19.30 to 0.75; P = 0.07). "
4.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)IBA 01/01/1993 - "[Vasodilator agents in chronic heart failure: which is the best option?]." 05/01/1992 - "Thus, intravenous bolus injection of ISDN showed a potent vasodilator effects on preload, and may be a safe and useful treatment for aged patients with acute congestive heart failure." 04/01/1991 - "Potent new inotropic vasodilators have improved ventricular performance but have not prolonged life in patients with end-stage heart failure. " 07/01/1977 - "It is apparent that vasodilator treatment can be used effectively in some patients with heart failure with a beneficial haemodynamics response, and that vasodilator agents are likely to find an important place in the management of such patients. " 01/01/1994 - "The purpose of this review is to discuss some of these trials and to describe the answers that they provide to the following questions: Are vasodilators beneficial in the treatment of severe heart failure? "
5.	sacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combinationIBA 01/01/2021 - "Background Sacubitril/Valsartan has been highly efficacious in randomized trials of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). " 01/01/2022 - "Sacubitril-valsartan was recommended for heart failure (HF) and proven cost-effective in HF. " 01/01/2019 - "Sacubitril-valsartan has proven beneficial in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. " 01/01/2022 - "Sacubitril-valsartan reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) [odds ratio (OR): 0.78; 95% CI: 0.70-0.88; p < 0.0001] and the incidence of worsening renal function [risk ratio (RR): 0.79, p = 0.002] among patients with HFpEF in the three trials, but there was no significant reduction in all-cause mortality (0.99, 95% CI: 0.84-1.15; p = 0.86) or cardiovascular mortality (0.95, 95% CI: 0.78-1.15; p = 0.16). " 10/01/2022 - "In PARADIGM-HF, sacubitril/valsartan showed a significant reduction in mortality and hospitalization for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. "
6.	Carvedilol (Coreg)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1996 - "The Australia and New Zealand carvedilol heart failure study is the largest completed study of beta-blocker treatment in patients with heart failure of ischaemic aetiology, including 415 patients randomized to carvedilol or placebo and indicating excellent tolerability of a titrated dose regimen and improved ventricular function after 6 months of treatment. " 03/01/2011 - "We hypothesized that carvedilol might be another safe treatment option in chronic AR, considering its combined β-blocking and α-blocking effects and proven efficacy in patients with established heart failure. " 10/16/2007 - "One drug, carvedilol, a nonsubtype-selective betaAR antagonist, has proven particularly effective in the treatment of heart failure, although the mechanism(s) responsible for this are controversial. " 09/01/2007 - "Safety and efficacy of carvedilol in very elderly diabetic patients with heart failure." 12/01/2003 - "The total carvedilol dose was confirmed to be one of the determinants for improvement in heart failure, and it was suggested that the initial serum level also plays an important role in therapeutic outcome. "
7.	Digoxin (Digitek)FDA LinkGeneric 03/09/2004 - "Digoxin, which is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of heart failure, is mainly eliminated from the circulation by the kidney. " 04/01/2009 - "Digoxin is an important therapeutic agent for the treatment of congestive cardiac failure. " 10/21/2019 - "The Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial, the only large randomized trial of digoxin in heart failure, reported a neutral effect on mortality and a significant reduction in heart failure hospitalizations. " 11/15/2008 - "Previous trials have shown that digoxin was beneficial in patients with heart failure (HF). " 04/01/1977 - "A study was undertaken to (1) develop an individualized audiovisual patient education program about digoxin and congestive heart failure, and (2) ascertain whether a patient who received the education program from a pharmacist would demonstrate a significantly greater gain in knowledge about digoxin and congestive heart failure than a traditionally-educated patient. "
8.	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)IBA 08/01/2000 - "Although inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have improved the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF), mortality related to this disorder remains unacceptably high. " 05/01/2001 - "Sixteen patients with mild to moderate heart failure were examined to investigate whether sympathetic deactivation plays a role in the improvement in the failing heart by chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. " 12/01/2000 - "Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been shown to improve cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal function in heart failure. " 11/13/1997 - "Even in the absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, beta blockade has improved cardiac function and LV contractility in nonischemic heart failure, leading to a decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure and improved clinical status. " 11/18/1991 - "Influence of severity of heart failure on the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition."
9.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2020 - "A machine-learning-derived model using a combination of biomarkers was strongly predictive of the risk of DHFA (standardized hazard ratio: 2.85; 95% confidence interval: 2.03 to 4.02; p < 0.0001) and markedly improved the risk prediction when added to the MAGGIC (Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure Risk Score) risk score. " 07/01/2010 - "These biomarkers have proven to be of particular value in the management of chronic and acute heart failure patients, and in the outpatient and the emergency setting. " 01/01/2021 - "In the studies assessing these three biomarkers, BNP was significantly greater in heart failure than controls. " 07/01/2023 - "Hence, detection of these circulating biomarkers could be evaluated as a predictor ("Gold standard") for rapid, early diagnosis and risk stratification in heart failure. " 01/01/2021 - "At 6-months' follow-up, compared with patients with heart failure with persistently reduced LVEF, heart failure with normalized LVEF or heart failure with midrange LVEF subgroups showed greater reductions in LV end-diastolic/end-systolic diameters (both P<0.001), and left atrial systolic diameter (P=0.002), more increased septal/posterior end-diastolic wall-thickness (both P<0.001), and significantly greater improvement in diastolic function, biomarkers, symptoms, and health status. "
10.	SodiumIBA 11/01/2002 - "In the latter group, renal PTA resulted in a large loss of sodium and water, resolution of the 'apparent' heart failure, and a marked improvement in blood pressure and renal function. " 01/01/2016 - "Changes in dietary intake and nutritional status associated with a significant reduction in sodium intake in patients with heart failure. " 10/01/1990 - "High-dose firosemide is considered effective in primary renal sodium retention but is not generally recommended in congestive heart failure. " 10/01/2008 - "Preclinical studies showed that pharmacological interventions, targeted against sarcolemmal sodium ion transporters, proved effective in ameliorating heart failure. " 01/01/2006 - "Ultrafiltration is effective in the treatment of fluid and sodium overload in congestive heart failure. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2020 - "The purpose of this study was to design, pilot, and evaluate the efficacy of an educational escape room to enhance second professional year doctor of pharmacy students' knowledge of heart failure medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutics in an integrated Modular Organ Systems Therapeutics (MOST) course and to assess students' perceptions of the game. " 11/01/2018 - "Recent studies showing improved cardiac function and mortality rates in patients with heart failure and concomitant AF dramatically illustrate the often-unrecognized scope of AIC and the potential benefits of interventional therapy. " 04/01/2014 - "The field of stem cell therapy for heart failure has shown striking advances during the past 10 years, and many clinical trials using stem cell technologies have been conducted in adults, which suggest that stem cell therapy is associated with long-term improvement in cardiac function. " 01/01/2022 - "Although heart failure (HF) outcomes have improved dramatically with the use of guideline directed medical therapy and implantable devices, the overall prognosis of patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains poor. " 01/01/2022 - "In this review on medical therapy in patients with HFrEF and CKD, we show that for both all-cause mortality and the combined end point of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization, most drug classes are safe and effective up to CKD stage 3B (eGFR minimum 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). "
2.	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 07/01/2011 - "Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has dramatically improved the symptoms and prognosis of patients with heart failure in large randomized clinical trials. " 04/01/2023 - "Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is beneficial in most heart failure patients, up to 40% do not respond to CRT. " 01/01/2020 - "LBBAP could deliver cardiac resynchronization therapy in most patients with heart failure and LBBB, and might be a promising alternative resynchronization approach to BVP." 01/01/2019 - "Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is beneficial in most heart failure patients, up to 40% do not respond to CRT. " 01/01/2018 - "This review aims to revisit the complex interaction of these two common situations and the best treatment whenever both occurs, especially focusing on heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). "
3.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 01/01/2024 - "Heart transplantation (HT) remains the best treatment of patients with severe heart failure who are deemed to be transplant candidates. " 04/21/2023 - "Advanced heart failure is a growing problem for which the best treatment is cardiac transplantation. " 03/01/2023 - "Heart transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage heart failure. " 01/01/2021 - "The management of end-stage HCM is empirically based on the use of drugs approved for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; however, cardiac transplantation often represents the best option to improve survival. " 01/01/2020 - "Heart transplantation (HTx) is the most effective treatment for end-stage heart failure patients. "
4.	Heart-Assist Devices 06/01/2021 - "Adoption of implantable left ventricular assist devices has dramatically improved survival and quality of life in suitable patients with end-stage heart failure. " 05/20/2021 - "Implantable left ventricular assist devices (durable LVADs) have dramatically improved mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced heart failure. " 01/01/2020 - "Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have dramatically improved short-term outcomes among patients with advanced heart failure. " 11/01/2015 - "With the insufficient number of cardiac donors, use of a left ventricular assist device for patients with end-stage cardiac failure who are awaiting transplant may be the best option." 01/01/2015 - "Since the advent of ventricular assist devices with smaller configurations and continuous-flow technology, survival rates for patients with end-stage heart failure have dramatically improved. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2005 - "Most of the major trials of pharmacotherapy for the management of chronic heart failure have failed to include significant numbers of African-American patients. " 01/01/2009 - "Principal innovations in the management of chronic heart failure are explained, including the most important features of new management models for patients with chronic heart failure and the main advances in drug therapy and in the use of and indications for cardiac devices in these patients. " 12/01/2001 - "There is convincing evidence in the literature that tailored drug therapy can be highly effective in preventing heart failure progression as well as in reducing total and sudden mortality. " 01/01/2020 - "Despite proven efficacy of pharmacotherapies targeting primarily global neurohormonal dysregulation, heart failure (HF) is a growing pandemic with increasing burden. " 05/16/2019 - "In spite of cardiac failure antracycline-containing chemotherapy (6 courses of R-DA-EPOCH) it allowed to achieve a complete remission and resolving of arrhythmias. "