Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)

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4430 relevant articles (207 outcomes, 447 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).

Also Known As:

Basedow Disease; Basedows Disease; Disease, Basedow; Disease, Basedow's; Disease, Graves; Disease, Graves'; Exophthalmic Goiters; Goiters, Exophthalmic; Basedow's Disease; Exophthalmic Goiter; Goiter, Exophthalmic; Graves' Disease

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Graves Ophthalmopathy: 791

Endocrine System Diseases: 391

Thyroid Diseases: 3001

Hyperthyroidism: 6449

Graves Disease: 4430

Graves Ophthalmopathy: 791

Goiter: 3353

Graves Disease: 4430

Graves Ophthalmopathy: 791

Immune System Diseases: 1236

Autoimmune Diseases: 11575

Graves Disease: 4430

Graves Ophthalmopathy: 791

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperthyroidism
2.	Thyrotoxicosis
3.	Thyroiditis
4.	Hypothyroidism
5.	Hashimoto Disease (Thyroiditis, Hashimoto)

Experts

1.	Smith, Terry J: 12 articles (10/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Amino, Nobuyuki: 9 articles (01/2008 - 02/2003)
3.	Miyauchi, Akira: 9 articles (01/2008 - 10/2003)
4.	McLachlan, Sandra M: 7 articles (07/2008 - 07/2002)
5.	Rapoport, Basil: 7 articles (07/2008 - 07/2002)
6.	Badenhoop, Klaus: 7 articles (11/2007 - 06/2002)
7.	Chen, Chun-Rong: 7 articles (05/2006 - 07/2002)
8.	Urban, Mirosława: 7 articles (01/2006 - 10/2002)
9.	Bossowski, Artur: 7 articles (01/2006 - 10/2002)
10.	Stasiak-Barmuta, Anna: 7 articles (01/2006 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Graves Disease:

1.	Antithyroid Agents (Antithyroid Drugs)IBA 08/01/1989 - "Studies were performed on 42 unselected clinically euthyroid patients with Graves' disease under maintenance doses of antithyroid drugs for various clinical parameters to determine the remission rate and to investigate which parameters carry weight in determining the outcome of the disease and could be good predictive factors" 11/01/2005 - "No patients requiring high antithyroid drugs doses to maintain euthyroidism reached long-term remission and needed I(131) and/or surgery.CONCLUSION: Implementation of a long-term antithyroid drug protocol achieved 40% long-term remissions in paediatric patients with Graves' disease" 06/01/2005 - "The treatment of Graves' disease (GD) with antithyroid drugs (ATD) leads to remission of the disease in approximately half of patients treated for at least six months, and the overall relapse rate is high, ranging from 60% to 80%" 05/01/2005 - "There is no comparative cost-utility study between 131I therapy and antithyroid drugs (ATD) therapy for Graves' disease, though 131I therapy has higher remission rate and less side effects" 05/15/2000 - "BACKGROUND: Surgery for Graves' disease was largely replaced in the mid-1900s by radioiodine and antithyroid drugs, due to the belief that they were more safe and effective" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Methimazole (Thiamazole)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "Seventeen pediatric patients (mean age at diagnosis 10 yr and 9 mo +/- 2 yr and 9 mo) with Graves' disease treated with 0.3-0.7 mg/kg/day methimazole and followed for at least three years, during which drug suspension was attempted on attainment of good clinical and metabolic compensation, were retrospectively studied to look for factors predictive of lasting remission present at onset" 05/01/2001 - "We examined the following four groups: patients with untreated thyrotoxic Graves' disease (untreated group), patients with Graves' disease treated with methimazole (treated group), patients in remission (remission group), and healthy volunteers (control group)" 08/01/2000 - "In hyperthyroid Graves' disease, short-term methimazole is sufficient to induce lasting remission in some patients, but even long-term treatment fails to do so in others" 10/01/1998 - "Is there a methimazole dose effect on remission rate in Graves' disease" 03/01/1998 - "We conclude that the addition of T4 to methimazole does not improve long-term remission rates in Graves' disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of serum TSAb and TBII in children with Graves' disease, and to evaluate the clinical significance of these antibodies" 01/01/2003 - "Detailed studies on the anti-TSHR antibodies such as thyroid-stimulating blocking antibody, antibodies to the native TSHR by flow cytometry, and TSH-binding inhibiting Ig showed that they were heterogeneous and did not correlate with disease activity, thus resembling those present in patients with Graves' disease" 04/01/1999 - "Characterization of recombinant monoclonal antithyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAbs) derived from lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease: epitope and binding study of two stimulatory TSHRAbs." 05/01/1998 - "AIM: Of this study was to determine whether success of radioiodine therapy (RIT) in Graves' disease depends on thyroid volume, function, thyroideal receptor antibodies (TRAK), thyreostasis, therapeutic dosage, 131I uptake, or effective half-life" 01/01/1993 - "Extension of these studies to the retrobulbar tissue of 1 Graves' disease patient with malignant exophthalmus revealed positive staining with anti-gag antibodies of fibroblasts and fat cells but not eye muscles" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Thyrotropin Receptors (Thyrotropin Receptor)IBA 02/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the more sensitive second-generation TSH receptor (TRAb) assay to predict recurrent Graves' disease (GD) vs. remission depending on TRAb levels" 01/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with Graves' disease gradually enter remission of TSH-receptor autoimmunity during medical or after surgical therapy, with no difference between the types of therapy" 09/01/1989 - "Increased activated T-lymphocytes and normal thyrotropin receptor antibody levels in Graves' disease in long-term remission." 01/01/1989 - "It is hoped that understanding of Graves' disease will benefit from improvement in our knowledge of the TSH receptor structure and functions." 10/01/1985 - "Improved receptor and bioassays have been used to compare TSH receptor binding and thyroid stimulating activities in unextracted sera from 110 patients with Graves' disease" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	CarbimazoleIBA 06/01/1983 - "Carbimazole 30 mg once daily is a convenient and effective treatment for hyperthyroid Graves' disease" 01/01/2007 - "Carbimazole leads to remission in 61% of cases of Graves disease" 05/01/1998 - "TSH suppression combined with carbimazole for Graves' disease: effect on remission and relapse rates." 05/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: Patients with Graves' disease and long-lasting clinical remission after discontinuation of carbimazole therapy may have a suppressed TSH level, a positive TSH-R Ab level, or a positive M Ab titer (or some combination of these findings)" 05/01/1996 - "Remission with carbimazole therapy & assessment of T4 suppression test as an index of relapse in patients with Graves' disease in India." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Thyroid-Stimulating ImmunoglobulinsIBA 10/01/2002 - "Neonatal Graves' disease tends to resolve spontaneously within 3-12 weeks as maternal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins are cleared from the circulation but subsequent development may be impaired by perceptual motor difficulties" 04/01/1987 - "Many reports of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) in relation to treatment of Graves' disease have been published and with variable results concerning prediction of permanent remission or relapse after therapy" 06/01/1986 - "The data herein reported refer to 25 patients with Graves' disease in clinical remission, in whom we have attempted to correlate T cell subset imbalances, the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and the outcome of the subsequent relapse" 06/01/1986 - "T cell subsets and thyroid-stimulating antibodies in patients with Graves' disease in clinical remission." 11/01/1984 - "Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in patients in long-term remission after Graves' disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	IodineIBA 03/01/2007 - "When used at sufficient doses, radioactive iodine is an effective cure for Graves' disease and is associated with few acute side effects" 12/01/2006 - "However, a virtually complete remission or longstanding euthyroid state may be obtained with inorganic iodine therapy alone in patients with mild Graves' disease, who show small thyroid volume and low TRAb titers" 11/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Treatment of Graves' disease with RAI followed by cold iodine was safe and effective" 10/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: Antithyroidal drugs (ATD) are used in the management of Graves' disease either as primary therapy for several months while awaiting remission of the disease or as pretreatment for several weeks prior to definitive radioactive iodine therapy (RAI)" 06/01/1995 - "It was difficult to induce remission of overt recurrent Graves' disease by ATD or iodine" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)FDA Link 01/01/1991 - "A follow-up study of 85 patients with Graves' disease in remission who developed undetectable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations using sensitive TSH assays." 01/30/1988 - "Ultrasensitive determination of thyrotropin in Graves' disease in remission]" 08/01/1984 - "An improved assay for thyrotropin-binding blocking activity in serum of patients with Graves' disease." 12/01/2003 - "We compared T cell responses in wild-type and B cell-deficient mice immunized with the thyrotrophin receptor (TSHR), the major autoantigen in Graves' disease" 12/01/2003 - "Thyrotrophin receptor-specific memory T cell responses require normal B cells in a murine model of Graves' disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Triiodothyronine (Liothyronine)FDA Link 06/01/1965 - "Test of inhibition of thyroid uptake of radioiodine by means of triiodothyronine in patients with Basedow's disease in clinical remission]" 06/01/1996 - "Prospective, randomized trial of patients with Graves' disease followed for 3 months after the initiation of therapy with an antithyroid drug and combined with the later addition of triiodothyronine to keep the patient euthyroid" 01/01/1978 - "Critical study of the value of serum triiodothyronine (T3) determination in Basedow's disease]" 07/01/2006 - "In children with Graves' disease, serum TSH can be suppressed for several months after a euthyroid state is restored, so the clinician must rely on serum free T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) levels" 04/01/2006 - "In contrast, free triiodothyronine (T3) levels were only significantly higher in Graves' disease (14.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/l, P = 0.002) compared with AIT (8.6 +/- 0.7 pmol/l) and toxic MNG (7.4 +/- 0.5 pmol/l)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulinIBA 02/01/1986 - "Several indirect observations have indicated that lymphocyte in the thyroid may be an important site of TSH receptor antibody synthesis in Graves' disease and we now describe an investigation of this possibility using improved lymphocyte isolation and TSH receptor antibody assay procedures" 06/01/1997 - "In Graves' disease, sCD30 levels were higher in thyrotoxic patients (41.7 +/- 31.2 U/mL, P < 0.001) than in remission patients (15.8 +/- 11.0 U/mL), and a significant correlation was observed between sCD30 levels and serum activities of TSH receptor antibody (r = 0.444, P < 0.0001)" 10/01/1992 - "The height of thyroid follicular epithelial cells were significantly greater in T3-predominant Graves' disease than in the controls (9.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 6.4 +/- 1.1 microns), but the epithelial height did not correlate significantly with the serum TSH receptor antibody titers" 08/01/2001 - "In conclusion, a change in the specificity of TSH receptor antibody from stimulatory to blocking activity was observed during pregnancy, and the appearance of thyroid stimulating-blocking antibody may contribute to the remission of Graves' disease during pregnancy." 04/01/1993 - "The changes in thyroid function and in TSH receptor antibody titers were analyzed in a prospective sequential study before, during and after pregnancy in a group of 15 healthy women and 45 patients with Graves' disease" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy 08/01/1997 - "To clarify whether bone recovery is complete, we examined lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 14 thyrotoxic premenopausal women with Graves' disease and 31 premenopausal women treated for Graves' disease by subtotal thyroidectomy who had been in remission for at least 3 years" 09/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: The use of the HS was associated with a significant reduction in operating time compared to the use of the conventional haemostatic techniques in patients with Graves' disease undergoing total thyroidectomy." 02/01/1979 - "Subtotal thyroidectomy, while not totally without complications, remains a rapid, safe, and effective treatment for Graves' disease" 12/01/1989 - "In achieving euthyroidism, partial thyroidectomy was more effective in patients with Graves' disease (P less than 0.02)" 12/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: Near-total thyroidectomy for Graves disease in children is safe and effective when performed by experienced thyroid surgeons" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2003 - "Although many researchers have reported clinical and laboratory parameters for prediction of remission in Graves' disease during or after anti-thyroid drug therapy, there is no reliable one to assure the complete remission" 03/05/1988 - "Drug therapy for Graves' disease in blacks--very low rates of remission." 01/01/1982 - "We suggest that the marked decrease in blood T lymphocytes observed in Graves' disease might be caused by the drug therapy" 12/01/2006 - "Remission of Graves' disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy" 04/01/1999 - "Improvement of efficacy of antithyroid drug therapy in inducing longlasting remission of Graves' disease has therefore been an elusive goal" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/1983 - "These results confirm the usefulness of our T3 suppression test for predicting sustained remission of Graves' disease after treatment, and clearly indicate that long-term medical therapy could increase the number of remissions in patients with Graves' disease." 11/01/1982 - "Probability of recurrence can be assessed but sustained remission of Graves' disease after treatment cannot be predicted from either measurement alone or in combination." 11/01/2008 - "The main study groups were: (i) normal subjects; (ii) patients with early and untreated Graves' disease; and (iii) patients with Graves' disease studied after treatment" 01/01/2006 - "Twenty-one patients with Graves' disease were examined in this study, before and after treatment" 11/01/2005 - "Previous studies suggested that Graves' disease (GD) patients had elevated anti-Gal titers compared to normal controls, but titers returned to normal after treatment" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Decompression 08/01/1994 - "We conclude, that transantral orbital decompression, though with moderate morbidity, gives good results in patients with the orbital complications of Graves' disease." 03/01/2006 - "PURPOSE: To address the efficacy of fat-removal orbital decompression to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with Graves disease" 01/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a prospective trial two surgical technique routinely used for orbital decompression in Graves' disease ophthalmopathy" 01/01/2008 - "Mid-term rhinosinusal consequences of bony orbital decompression in Graves' disease: a retrospective study." 05/01/2006 - "PURPOSE: We evaluated the results of the 2-wall and 3-wall orbital decompression in patients with Graves' disease" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 02/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: To compare human thyroid xenografts from patients with Graves' disease in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and triple immunodeficient NIH-beige-nude-xid (NIH-3) mice to obtain an improved animal model for studying these xenografts" 07/01/1993 - "Studies of thyroid xenografts from Graves' disease in severe combined immunodeficient mice." 08/01/1999 - "An animal model for Graves' disease has been developed by xenotransplantation of Graves' thyroid tissue plus autologous immune cells to immunodeficient mice" 01/01/1999 - "Graves' disease: xenotransplantation model (athymic nude mice)." 09/01/1998 - "We have studied thyroid xenografts from patients with Graves' disease (GD) and normal (paranodular) (N) tissues in nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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