Freemartinism

A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric "female"(CHIMERISM).

Networked: 8 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Cho, E J: 1 article (10/2007)
2.	Lee, C Y: 1 article (10/2007)
3.	Sohn, S H: 1 article (10/2007)
4.	Son, W J: 1 article (10/2007)
5.	Buoen, Lance C: 1 article (09/2006)
6.	Madrill, Nicole J: 1 article (09/2006)
7.	McNiel, Elizabeth A: 1 article (09/2006)
8.	Treeful, Amy E: 1 article (09/2006)
9.	Weber, Alvin F: 1 article (09/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Freemartinism:

1.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 10/01/2023 - "Through PVA they share blood, hormones (leading to freemartinism in mixed sex twins) and hematopoietic stem cells, which are the progenitors of white blood cells. " 02/01/1995 - "Development of the gubernaculum and processus vaginalis in freemartinism: further evidence in support of a specific fetal testis hormone governing male-specific gubernacular development." 01/01/1988 - "Anti-müllerian hormone and freemartinism: inhibition of germ cell development and induction of seminiferous cord-like structures in rat fetal ovaries exposed in vitro to purified bovine AMH."
2.	Blood Group Antigens (Blood Groups)IBA 12/01/1995 - "[Comparison of different methods for the diagnosis of freemartinism--blood group serology, cytology and polymerase chain reaction]." 07/01/1970 - "The fetuses, foals, fetal membranes and blood groups of parents and foals were examined in order to determine the incidence of chorio-vascular anastomosis, blood chimaerism and freemartinism. "
3.	AmelogeninIBA 09/01/2006 - "A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which detects a sex-based polymorphism in the bovine amelogenin locus was modified and compared to conventional cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of freemartinism (XX/XY chimerism) in cattle. " 09/01/2006 - "Comparison of cytogenetics and polymerase chain reaction based detection of the amelogenin gene polymorphism for the diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle."
4.	DNA ProbesIBA 10/15/2007 - "Diagnosis of bovine freemartinism by fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei using a bovine Y chromosome-specific DNA probe."
5.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 07/01/1979 - "Vaginal depth at birth was not a reliable indicator of freemartinism. "