Exfoliatins

Protein exotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus, phage type II, which cause epidermal necrolysis. They are proteins with a molecular weight of 26,000 to 32,000. They cause a condition variously called scaled skin, Lyell or Ritter syndrome, epidermal exfoliative disease, toxic epidermal necrolysis, etc.

Also Known As:

Exfoliatin Toxin A; Exfoliative Toxin B; Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin; Exfoliative Toxin, Staphylococcal; Toxin A, Exfoliatin; Toxin B, Exfoliative; Toxin, Staphylococcal Exfoliative; Toxins, Epidermolytic; Toxins, Exfoliative; Dermolysins; Epidermolysins; Epidermolytic Toxins; Exfoliative Toxins

Networked: 144 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Amagai, Masayuki: 8 articles (03/2012 - 05/2002)
2.	Nishifuji, Koji: 8 articles (08/2011 - 05/2002)
3.	Sugai, Motoyuki: 6 articles (08/2011 - 05/2002)
4.	Meng, Jianghong: 4 articles (01/2018 - 02/2012)
5.	Wang, Xin: 4 articles (01/2018 - 02/2012)
6.	Etienne, Jerome: 4 articles (07/2013 - 04/2005)
7.	Iwasaki, Toshiroh: 4 articles (08/2011 - 10/2005)
8.	Yamaguchi, Takayuki: 4 articles (11/2005 - 05/2002)
9.	Gelbíčová, Tereza: 3 articles (08/2022 - 01/2019)
10.	Karpíšková, Renáta: 3 articles (08/2022 - 01/2019)

Related Diseases

1.	Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter's Disease) 01/01/2003 - "Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome usually occurs in young children probably because of inefficient clearance of the epidermolytic toxins from the bloodstream, which causes dysfunction of cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis. " 08/06/2021 - "Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is caused by a special type of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) which can produce exfoliative toxins. " 01/01/2021 - "Staphylococci producing exfoliative toxins are the causative agents of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). " 10/01/2016 - "Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is the medical term used to define a skin condition induced by the exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. " 01/01/2016 - "The symptoms of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) include blistering of skin on superficial layers due to the exfoliative toxins released from Staphylococcus aureus. "
2.	Blister (Bulla) 09/01/2016 - "hyicus exfoliative toxins, responsible for dermatological lesions in piglets, seem unable to damage the human epidermis, explaining the absence of cutaneous blisters in the previously reported cases. " 02/01/2016 - "The hematogeneous spread of exfoliative toxins A (ETA) or B (ETB) produced by specific Staphylococcus aureus strains causes a scald-like eruption with disseminated bullous lesions. " 11/01/2004 - "In addition, Dsg4 was not cleaved by exfoliative toxins that induce blisters in SSSS. " 01/01/2004 - "In bullous impetigo, exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are accepted as the basis for the bulla formation just below the stratum granulosum. " 01/01/2018 - "Hydrolysis of the amino-terminal extracellular domain of desmoglein 1 by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins results in disruption of keratinocytes adhesion and cleavage within the stratum granulosum which leads to bulla formation. "
3.	Pemphigus (Pemphigus Vulgaris) 01/01/2010 - "Superficial dsg2 expression limits epidermal blister formation mediated by pemphigus foliaceus antibodies and exfoliative toxins." 03/01/2012 - "The clinical and histological similarities of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome or bullous impetigo and pemphigus foliaceus led us to identify desmoglein 1 as the proteolytic target of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins. " 04/01/2003 - "While different observations suggested a proteolytic action to these toxins, the histological parallel made with pemphigus foliaceus greatly helped in the characterization of the targets for epidermolysins ETA, ETB, ETD: desmoglein-1, a desmosome-constitutive protein, and incidentally melanocyte-stimulating hormones, which accounts for the blisters observed clinically. "
4.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome) 02/01/2019 - "In this study, the role of enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in MS patients and healthy nasal carriers. " 01/01/2023 - "Resistant isolates were also spa typed and tested for the presence of the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leucocidin, the toxic shock syndrome toxin and the exfoliatins A and B. " 11/01/2014 - "To know the characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains disseminating through the Japanese community, we have determined types of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), and carriages of four exotoxin genes (toxic-shock syndrome toxin, Panton-Valentine Leukocidine, and exfoliative toxins a and b) using 54 MRSA strains isolated from outpatients attending dermatology clinics at the four university hospitals of Juntendo University. " 12/01/2010 - "However, none of the MRSA isolates had the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and exfoliative toxins. " 09/01/2010 - "The presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), exfoliatins A and B (exfoA and exfoB), and the toxic-shock staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) and agr group typing were determined by quantitative PCR. "
5.	Mastitis 02/01/2012 - "The presence of genes for enterotoxins (sea-sej), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), the exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and mecA of CNS species isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis was investigated in this study. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones (MSH)
3.	Enterotoxins (Enterotoxin)
4.	Panton-Valentine leukocidin
5.	5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine
6.	Staphylococcal enterotoxin F
7.	Superantigens
8.	Leukocidins (Leukocidin)
9.	Desmoglein 1
10.	Virulence Factors (Pathogenicity Factors)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters
2.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo)