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Etorphine (M99)

A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.
Also Known As:
M99; Ethorphine; 6,14-Ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha,17-dimethyl-alpha-propyl-, (5alpha,7alpha(R))-
Networked: 100 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1. Fuller, Andrea: 9 articles (01/2018 - 02/2006)
2. Buss, Peter: 8 articles (06/2021 - 09/2007)
3. Meyer, Leith C R: 5 articles (06/2021 - 02/2006)
4. Meyer, Leith: 5 articles (11/2019 - 10/2014)
5. Miller, Michele: 5 articles (01/2019 - 10/2014)
6. Pohlin, Friederike: 4 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
7. Haw, Anna: 4 articles (01/2018 - 10/2014)
8. Hofmeyr, Markus: 3 articles (12/2018 - 10/2014)
9. Mitchell, Duncan: 3 articles (02/2015 - 02/2006)
10. Bertschinger, Henk: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)

Related Diseases

1. Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)
2. Neuroblastoma
3. Hypercapnia
4. Glioma (Gliomas)
10/01/1997 - "It was also shown that etorphine-induced apoptosis was prevented by actinomycin D (AD) and interleukin-1beta converting enzyme inhibitor I. Interestingly, etorphine was similarly potent to inhibit growth of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells but less effective in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and C6 glioma cells. "
11/01/1985 - "Chronic etorphine treatment of neuroblastoma X glioma NG108-15 cells results in both an increase in adenylate cyclase activity (upon addition of the opiate antagonist naloxone) as well as an homologous desensitization of the opiate receptor. "
11/01/1983 - "Chronic treatment of neuroblastoma X glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells with the opiate agonist etorphine resulted in a decrease in both opiate receptor density (receptor down-regulation) and opiate ability to inhibit prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levels (receptor desensitization). "
12/01/2002 - "Chronic morphine treatment (1 microm; 72 hr) of DOR carrying neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells, a prototypical model system frequently used to study cellular aspects of opioid tolerance, completely blocked the capacity of [d-Ala2, d-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) and etorphine to desensitize opioid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding and to mediate DOR internalization. "
08/01/1986 - "To test these possibilities, neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells were treated cells with morphine, etorphine, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), [D-Ala2]Leu-enkephalinamide (DALAMID) or vehicle. "
5. Acidosis
09/01/2007 - "White rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) anesthetized with etorphine combinations develop severe pathophysiologic changes, including hypoventilation, hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis. "
01/01/1989 - "A commercial neuroleptanalgesic acepromazine-etorphine combination administered intramuscularly to four horses produced a severe tachycardia and an increase in muscular tone, together with hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis associated with an increase in the packed cell volume and hyperglycaemia. "
04/01/1983 - "In contrast, etorphine-methotrimeprazine and diazepam produced severe respiratory depression with consequent hypercapnia and acidosis."
06/01/2004 - "White rhinoceros anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone combination develop adverse physiological changes including hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, tachycardia and hypertension. "
10/15/2014 - "Chemical immobilization with etorphine, azaperone and hyaluronidase, as per standard procedure for the white rhinoceros, caused severe respiratory depression with hypoxaemia (PaO2 = 27 ± 7 mmHg [mean ± SD]), hypercapnia (PaCO2 = 82 ± 6 mmHg) and acidosis (pH =7.26 ± 0.02) in the control trial at 5 min. Compared to pre-intervention values, butorphanol administration (without oxygen) improved the PaO2 (60 ± 3 mmHg, F (3,21) =151.9, p < 0.001), PaCO2 (67 ± 4 mmHg, F (3,21) =22.57, p < 0.001) and pH (7.31 ± 0.06, F (3,21) = 27.60, p < 0.001), while oxygen insufflation alone exacerbated the hypercapnia (123 ± 20 mmHg, F (3,21) = 50.13, p < 0.001) and acidosis (7.12 ± 0.07, F (3,21) = 110.6, p < 0.001). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1. Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)
2. Butorphanol (BC 2627)
3. Opioid Receptors (Opioid Receptor)
4. Azaperone
5. Morphine (MS Contin)
6. Oxygen (Dioxygen)
7. Hyaluronoglucosaminidase (Hyaluronidase)
8. Buprenorphine (Subutex)
9. Caspase 1 (ICE Protease)
10. Nalbuphine (Nubain)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1. Analgesia
2. Injections
3. Vagotomy
4. Mechanical Ventilators (Ventilator)
5. Premedication