Esophageal Atresia

Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 749 relevant articles (30 outcomes, 62 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Tracheoesophageal Fistula
2.	Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
3.	Fistula
4.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
5.	Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula

Experts

1.	Jennings, Russell W: 13 articles (03/2022 - 02/2014)
2.	Zurakowski, David: 11 articles (03/2022 - 10/2013)
3.	Hamilton, Thomas E: 8 articles (03/2022 - 08/2014)
4.	Bonnard, Arnaud: 7 articles (04/2022 - 03/2010)
5.	Bajic, Dusica: 7 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
6.	Manfredi, Michael A: 6 articles (01/2022 - 08/2014)
7.	Zendejas, Benjamin: 5 articles (03/2022 - 01/2020)
8.	Mongerson, Chandler R L: 5 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
9.	van der Zee, David C: 5 articles (10/2021 - 02/2007)
10.	Tibboel, Dick: 5 articles (10/2020 - 07/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Esophageal Atresia:

1.	CausticsIBA 01/01/2021 - "Fifty-five patients, 58% male, median age 4 years (interquartile range 2.4-8.3), with history of esophageal atresia (87%), caustic (9%) or peptic (4%) injury, underwent a jejunal interposition (historical cohort n = 14; contemporary cohort n = 41). " 01/01/2019 - "Seventeen patients had a primary diagnosis of long-gap esophageal atresia, and three required reconstruction following caustic ingestion. " 12/01/2018 - "Seven children (64%) had gross type C esophageal atresia, two patients (18%) gross type A esophageal atresia, and two children (18%) caustic injury.After" 05/01/2015 - "Initial diagnosis of ingestion of caustic 13 patients (68%) and type III esophageal atresia six cases (32%). " 03/01/2010 - "Recently, TED has been proposed in other conditions, such as esophageal atresia, esotracheal cleft, or caustic esophageal lesions. "
2.	Glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium Bromide)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2017 - "Role of glycopyrrolate in healing of anastomotic dehiscence after primary repair of esophageal atresia in a low resource setting-A randomized controlled study." 03/01/2017 - "Administration of glycopyrrolate in patients of anastomotic leak after primary repair of esophageal atresia resulted in reduced oral secretions, which helped in healing of the anastomotic dehiscence in a significant number of patients." 03/01/2017 - "To investigate the role of glycopyrrolate in decreasing oral secretions in patients of esophageal atresia (EA) with anastomotic leak and evaluate its effect on healing of anastomotic dehiscence. " 10/01/2012 - "Re: Novel use of glycopyrrolate (Robinul) in the treatment of anastomotic leak after repair of esophageal atresia and trachea-esophageal fistula." 03/01/2011 - "Novel use of glycopyrrolate (Robinul) in the treatment of anastomotic leak after repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula."
3.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 10/01/2019 - "In a retrospective cohort study, we extracted all data from the electronic anesthetic and medical charts of patients who underwent esophageal atresia type C repair within 30 days of life (2007-2017). " 01/01/2008 - "The capacities of high-frequency AV (HFAV) even in the presence of a wide tracheoesophagostomy to generate an effective pressure in the lung make the HFA V mode irreplaceable in neonatal surgery, by reducing postoperative mortality rates from 10.9% in 1990-1995 to 6.8% in 1996-2007 The present paper evaluates the efficiency of volumetric HFA Vperformed in the anesthetic maintenance in neonatal infants with esophageal atresia, by comparing the data of a clinical observation, the results of studying blood gas composition, acid-base balance, and hemodynamics in 2 patient groups differing in the mode of AV. " 09/01/2007 - "[Complicated anesthetic management for esophageal atresia repair in a baby with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection diagnosed after esophageal surgery]." 07/01/1992 - "We reported the anesthetic management of a 1-day-old female neonate (2,110 gm) with esophageal atresia combined with double tracheoesophageal fistulae, which is classified as Gross type D. " 07/01/1992 - "[Anesthetic management of a neonate with esophageal atresia with double tracheoesophageal fistulae]."
4.	Methimazole (Thiamazole)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "The use of methimazole can be associated with aplasia cutis and choanal/esophageal atresia, while there are no data supporting the association between congenital anomalies and PTU. " 03/05/1999 - "We report on a further case of congenital anomalies in a child exposed to methimazole during the first trimester of pregnancy (from first to seventh gestational week), and define a specific malformation pattern related to prenatal methimazole exposure and consisting of choanal and esophageal atresia, scalp defects, minor facial anomalies and psychomotor delay." 07/01/2009 - "Some case reports raised concern about fetal toxicity from methimazole, which is reportedly characterized by aplasia cutis, esophageal atresia, choanal atresia, facial abnormalities, and mental retardation. " 02/01/2003 - "We report two infants with gastrointestinal anomalies: one with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula and the other with biliary tree atresia, born to hyperthyroid women diagnosed and treated with methimazole after 14 weeks' gestation. " 09/15/1992 - "Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in two infants born to hyperthyroid women receiving methimazole (Tapazol) during pregnancy."
5.	LyeIBA 01/01/1989 - "Ten patients had ingested lye and one had an esophageal atresia. " 06/01/1993 - "The initial diagnoses were: GER, 5; esophageal atresia, 4; nasogastric intubation, 1; lye ingestion, 1. A gastric tube esophagoplasty had been performed in three patients with BE in the esophagus proximal to the anastomosis. " 04/01/1994 - "This operation was done in eight patients with esophageal atresia (six) and lye stricture (two) from 19 to 50 months of age between 1983 and 1992. " 01/01/1989 - "Esophageal stenosis secondary to lye ingestion and surgical repair of esophageal atresia have been treated traditionally with bougienage. " 06/01/1978 - "The gastric tube was used as the primary method of esophageal reconstruction in 15 infants and children, 9 with isolated esophageal atresia and 6 with lye stricture. "
6.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "The experimental model using adriamycin in pregnant female rats has a teratogenic effect and has been classically employed to study esophageal atresia. " 09/01/2003 - "The aim of the study was to investigate the gastric smooth muscle reactivity in the Adriamycin-induced esophageal atresia (EA) rat model. " 10/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the reactivity of lower esophageal smooth muscle in the Adriamycin-induced esophageal atresia (EA) rat model. " 10/01/2001 - "Impaired esophageal reactivity in adriamycin-induced rat esophageal atresia: an in vitro study." 01/01/2001 - "This study was undertaken to reconstruct in three dimensions (3D) the relationship of the Nt to abnormal development of the foregut (Fg) in the adriamycin-induced rat model of esophageal atresia (EA). "
7.	mesoglycanIBA 04/01/2023 - " Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review of literature regarding the main EA care process, published between 2015 and 2021, combining the search term "esophageal atresia" with "morbidity," "mortality," "survival," "outcome," or "complication." Described outcomes were extracted from included publications, along with study and baseline characteristics. " 07/25/2022 - "Esophageal Magnetic Compression Anastomosis in Esophageal Atresia Repair: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Comparison with a Novel Approach." 12/01/2021 - "PRISMA-compliant search in Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO #CRD42019121862) for original studies comparing thoracoscopy to thoracotomy for esophageal atresia. " 07/01/2016 - "Outcomes of thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula repair: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis."
8.	AcidsIBA 01/01/2019 - "Higher esophageal acid exposure time and lower baseline impedance are associated with esophageal eosinophilic infiltration, suggesting their value in selecting which patients with esophageal atresia should undergo endoscopic examination." 10/01/1977 - "To date 22 patients, six to 32 (average 15) years after repair of their esophageal atresias, have been evaluated by personal interview and esophageal manometrics and acid reflux testing. " 11/01/2019 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate acid and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux in infants and school-aged children with esophageal atresia (EA) using pH-impedance (pH-MII) monitoring. " 01/01/2022 - "Acid gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent complication of esophageal atresia in infants. " 01/01/2021 - "In our study cohort of 48 children with esophageal atresia, microscopic esophagitis was found in 33 (69%) and pathological esophageal acid exposure on MII-pH was detected in 12 (25%). "
9.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 11/01/2018 - "Location of TEF at the carina as an indicator of long-gap C-type esophageal atresia." 10/01/2017 - "Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool-10 as an indicator to predict aspiration in children with esophageal atresia." 08/01/2017 - "The presence of 13 pairs of ribs on pre-operative chest x-ray has been postulated to be an indicator for long gap esophageal atresia (EA). " 12/01/2021 - "An imaging study on tracheomalacia in infants with esophageal atresia: the degree of tracheal compression by the brachiocephalic artery is a good indicator for therapeutic intervention." 03/01/2023 - "Procalcitonin is a good indicator to identify the adverse events in neonates after surgery for esophageal atresia. "
10.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 12/01/2020 - "Intramural Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Surgical Treatment of a Long Gap Esophageal Atresia-Rat Model." 07/01/2008 - "Control of salivary secretions in esophageal atresia with laryngeal cleft using Botulinum toxin Type A." 01/01/2021 - "The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections on Stricture Formation, Leakage Rates, Esophageal Elongation, and Anastomotic Healing Following Primary Anastomosis in a Long- and Short-Gap Esophageal Atresia Model - A Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled, Blinded Trial in Pigs."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Fundoplication 05/01/2011 - "The purpose of the study was to compare outcomes after partial vs complete fundoplication in patients with prior esophageal atresia repair. " 10/14/2022 - "Up to 45% of esophageal atresia (EA) patients undergo fundoplication during childhood. " 10/14/2022 - "Fundoplication in children with esophageal atresia: preoperative workup and outcome." 07/01/2022 - "In esophageal atresia cohort, esophageal pressurization was seen in 50%, aperistalsis in 40% and 10% with prior fundoplication had esophago-gastric junction obstruction. " 01/01/2022 - "Predictive factors for fundoplication following esophageal atresia repair."
2.	Thoracotomy 12/01/2012 - "Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia has becoming the gold standard in many centers because it allows a better cosmetic result and avoids the musculoskeletal sequelae of a thoracotomy. " 09/01/2020 - "Thoracoscopic repair (TR) of esophageal atresia (EA) has been performed with increasing frequency over the last two decades, with the expectation of improved outcomes by avoiding thoracotomy. " 10/01/2017 - "The purpose of this study is to present the modified posterior thoracotomy for neonates with esophageal atresia. " 12/01/2021 - "This systematic review with meta-analysis compares health- and provider-based outcomes of thoracoscopic to thoracotomy repair of esophageal atresia. " 12/01/2021 - "Thoracoscopy or Thoracotomy for Esophageal Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis."
3.	Transplantation 11/01/1999 - "The aim of this study is to determine if fetal esophageal transplantation can create viable esophageal tissue that may be used for treating long gap esophageal atresia. " 11/01/1999 - "Fetal esophageal transplantation produces viable esophageal tissue that may find application for treating long gap esophageal atresia providing rejection can be controlled adequately." 11/01/1999 - "Fetal esophageal transplantation in rats: a treatment option for long-gap esophageal atresia." 01/01/1986 - "Esophagus replacement by free, autologous jejunal mucosa transplantation in long-gap esophageal atresia." 04/01/1955 - "Late reconstruction of congenital esophageal atresia by intrathoracic colon transplantation."
4.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 01/01/2018 - "Esophageal atresia is rare, but improved surgical and intensive care techniques have increased rates of survival in children, so there are now many adults with this disorder. " 03/01/2017 - "Esophageal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly, but improved surgical and critical care has resulted in survival rates exceeding 90%. " 12/01/2019 - "Quantitative MRI study of infant regional brain size following surgery for long-gap esophageal atresia requiring prolonged critical care." 11/07/2023 - "There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of perioperative critical care on frequency of neurological imaging findings following esophageal atresia (EA) repair. " 05/01/2023 - "• Survival rates of esophageal atresia patients is now more than 90% thanks to the improvements in surgical techniques and intensive care, therefore patients' needs throughout adolescence and adulthood must be taken into account. "
5.	Myotomy 09/01/1989 - "An improved technique for in situ esophageal myotomy and proximal pouch mobilization in patients with esophageal atresia." 12/01/1983 - "An improved technique for circular myotomy in long-gap esophageal atresia." 08/01/2003 - "Considering that Livaditis' myotomy is still accepted as a good method for lengthening the esophagus to allow primary repair of long-gap esophageal atresia, the aim of this experimental study was to verify if this procedure decreases the incidence of leaks in anastomoses performed under severe tension. " 12/01/1988 - "A staged approach to long gap esophageal atresia employing a spiral myotomy and delayed reconstruction of the esophagus: an experimental study." 01/01/2019 - "A new esophageal elongation technique for long-gap esophageal atresia: in vitro comparison of myotomy techniques."