Esophageal and Gastric Varices (Esophageal Varices)

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2208 relevant articles (196 outcomes, 288 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).

Also Known As:

Esophageal Varices; Gastric Varices; Varices, Esophageal; Varices, Gastric; Esophageal Varix; Gastric Varix; Varix, Esophageal; Varix, Gastric

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Digestive System Diseases: 31

Liver Diseases: 20042

Portal Hypertension: 3788

Esophageal and Gastric Varices: 2208

Gastrointestinal Diseases: 1230

Esophageal Diseases: 109

Esophageal and Gastric Varices: 2208

Related Diseases

1.	Hemorrhage
2.	Varicose Veins (Varicose Vein)
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
4.	Esophageal and Gastric Varices (Esophageal Varices)
5.	Portal Hypertension

Experts

1.	Korula, Jacob: 3 articles (05/2008 - 11/2002)
2.	Fujimoto, Kazuma: 3 articles (07/2007 - 01/2003)
3.	Shimoda, Ryo: 3 articles (07/2007 - 01/2003)
4.	Iwakiri, Ryuichi: 3 articles (07/2007 - 01/2003)
5.	Ferrari, Angelo Paulo: 3 articles (06/2007 - 04/2005)
6.	Yoshida, Hiroshi: 3 articles (09/2005 - 07/2002)
7.	Taniai, Nobuhiko: 3 articles (09/2005 - 07/2002)
8.	Tajiri, Takashi: 3 articles (09/2005 - 07/2002)
9.	Mamada, Yasuhiro: 3 articles (09/2005 - 07/2002)
10.	Sato, Takahiro: 3 articles (01/2005 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Esophageal and Gastric Varices:

1.	CyanoacrylatesIBA 09/01/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: Cyanoacrylate treatment of gastric varices is safe, clinically effective, and cost effective." 01/01/2009 - "Our results confirm that cyanoacrylate injection is effective and safe to eradicate gastric varices." 10/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: Injection of suitable quantities of cyanoacrylate under fluoroscopic guidance seems to be safe and effective for controlling hemorrhagic gastric varices." 08/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection in gastric varices at the entrance of the perforating veins to obtain variceal obturation. " 02/01/2009 - "Cyanoacrylate glue in the management of gastric varices." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1990 - "In a double-blind randomized trial, the hemodynamic events following the administration of propranolol (n = 51) or a placebo (n = 51) were prospectively studied in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. " 01/01/2009 - "One patient with newly developed gastric varices bled (propranolol group). " 01/01/2009 - "However, portal venous pressure was lower in group I. CONCLUSION: Early propranolol administration did not protect rats from developing esophageal varices, despite the fact that a significant decrease in portal pressure was detected." 01/01/2009 - "Early propranolol administration does not prevent development of esophageal varices in cirrhotic rats." 05/01/1991 - "No significant changes in the size of esophageal varices were observed after propranolol or placebo administration. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)IBA 11/01/1995 - "The aim of this study was to elucidate the features of hemodynamic response to vasopressin in the gastroesophageal collateral vein in patients with esophageal varices. " 07/01/1984 - "Vasopressin perfusion of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: cineangiographic study." 10/01/1996 - "CONCLUSIONS: These data support the view that vasopressin is able to selectively reduce esophageal varices blood flow. " 10/01/1996 - "In splanchnic circulation, vasopressin decreased portal vein (-32 +/- 3%, p < 0.01), superior mesenteric artery (-30 +/- 2%, p < 0.01), and esophageal varices flow velocity (-48 +/- 5%, p < 0.01). " 10/01/1996 - "However, it remains unclear whether vasopressin is able to selectively reduce esophageal varices blood flow. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 02/01/1987 - "[Somatostatin in the treatment of hemorrhaging esophago-gastric varices. " 06/01/1994 - "Is somatostatin effective in the treatment of acute bleeding caused by esophageal varices?" 03/29/1979 - "Somatostatin not helpful in bleeding esophageal varices." 04/22/1996 - "[Randomized trial and meta-analysis of somatostatin versus placebo in bleeding esophageal varices]" 11/01/1990 - "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of somatostatin was conducted among 120 patients admitted for bleeding esophageal varices (59 placebo, 61 somatostatin). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	EnbucrilateIBA 04/01/2004 - "BACKGROUND: N-butyl cyanoacrylate injection has been shown to be effective and safe for the endoscopic treatment of gastric varices. " 05/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the endoscopic injection of Histoacryl for the treatment of gastric varices. " 09/01/2002 - "In this study, we report our experience with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (BC) in patients with large gastric varices. " 06/01/2009 - "This represents the first reported use of MDCT IV portography in the evaluation of treatment adequacy in a patient with gastric varices treated with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate." 11/01/2008 - "Endoscopic management of gastric varices: efficacy and outcomes of gluing with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in a North American patient population." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	ethanolamine oleate (Ethamolin)FDA Link 01/01/1997 - "The aim of the study was to investigate hematological and arterial and venous gasometric parameters before and after injection of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) to the esophageal varices. " 11/01/1988 - "A prospective randomized study comparing the effects of large and small volumes of the sclerosant 5% ethanolamine oleate injected into esophageal varices." 05/01/2005 - "Complications were evaluated in 38 patients who had fundic gastric varices and 43 B-RTO procedures during injection of ethanolamine oleate (phase 1), within 4 h after injection (phase 2), 24 h after injection (phase 3), and from 24 h to 10 days after injection (phase 4). " 12/01/2003 - "After the definite confirmation of the shunts with abdominal CT, the sclerosing agent, 5% ethanolamine oleate, was injected into the gastric varix during occlusion through gastrorenal shunts. " 11/01/1996 - "A 5-French balloon catheter was inserted in the gastrorenal collateral, gastrocaval collateral, or both, and a 5% solution of ethanolamine oleate iopamidole that contained equal amounts of ethanolamine oleate and iopamidole 300 was injected into the gastric varices. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Sclerosing Solutions (Sclerosing Agents)IBA 12/01/1992 - "This study suggests that the two sclerosants have equal efficacy for treating patients with esophageal varices. " 02/01/1949 - "Esophageal varices in Banti's disease; report of two cases in which the condition was improved with injection of sclerosing solutions." 06/01/1992 - "Experimental study on the effects of sclerosants for esophageal varices on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and systemic hemodynamics." 03/01/1990 - "A comparative evaluation of sclerosants for esophageal varices: a prospective randomized controlled study." 07/01/2004 - "These results were either equivalent to or significantly better than the most commonly used gastric varix hemostatic agent (glue) or other sclerosing agents. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	polidocanol (Laureth)IBA 04/01/1990 - "[Mechanism of action, indications and problems in using aethoxysklerol as a sclerosing agent in esophageal varices]" 12/01/1988 - "Effect of low dosage of polidocanol in treatment of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients." 01/01/1983 - "[Experiences with fiber endoscopy sclerosing of esophageal varices with polidocanol]" 07/01/1992 - "In order to assess this relationship and to monitor the evolution of such lesions, 68 patients treated with sclerotherapy with polidocanol because of esophageal varices were examined endoscopically at six-month intervals, and brushing samples were taken. " 08/01/1986 - "Endoscopic sclerotherapy with Aethoxysclerol 2% was carried out in rabbits with esophageal varices. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1998 - "We investigated the effects of octreotide infusion on the contractile activity of the esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. " 09/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of subcutaneous octreotide treatment, administered after emergency sclerotherapy, in preventing rebleeding of esophageal varices METHODS: After a bolus injection of 50 microgram octreotide, 34 patients, forming the standard therapy (ST) group, received octreotide infusion at a rate of 50 microgram/h until endoscopic sclerotherapy performed within 36 hours. " 09/01/2004 - "Efficacy of five days of subcutaneous octreotide treatment after sclerotherapy in preventing rebleeding from esophageal varices." 05/01/1995 - "Sclerotherapy plus octreotide versus sclerotherapy alone in the prevention of early rebleeding from esophageal varices: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. " 09/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the value of octreotide in the control of acute bleeding esophageal varices, in a prospective randomized study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	ThrombinIBA 06/01/2002 - "Three patients rebled from their gastric varices of which one was successfully retreated with thrombin. " 09/01/1994 - "Thrombin may represent a valuable alternative injectate for the treatment of gastric varices." 06/01/1996 - "Gastric varices are better treated endoscopically with bovine or human thrombin than sclerotherapy. " 04/01/1999 - "In conclusion, safe and effective hemostasis of bleeding gastric varices can be achieved by intravariceal injection with thrombin." 09/01/1994 - "This study evaluated the use of thrombin for the treatment of gastric varices in 11 consecutive patients (nine with fundal, two with high lesser curve varices), identified as having bled from this site. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sclerotherapy 11/01/2000 - "CONCLUSIONS: Repeated injection sclerotherapy eradicated esophageal varices in most long-term patients. " 01/01/1985 - "Injection sclerotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for esophageal varices. " 01/01/1999 - "Improved long-term survival following complete eradication of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy." 12/01/1997 - "These results suggest that gastrorenal veins play an important role in the protection against recurrent esophageal varices after sclerotherapy, while the protective role of paraesophageal veins appears to be small." 04/01/1991 - "After surgery, these five continued sclerotherapy until the esophageal varices were eradicated. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Ligation 02/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic variceal ligation is highly effective in obliterating esophageal varices in children. " 09/01/1999 - "This study was conducted to determine whether prophylactic banding ligation is beneficial for cirrhotic patients with high-risk esophageal varices. " 03/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices combined with APC is superior to ligation alone. " 11/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: The mini-detachable snare is a new device that provides safe and effective treatment for esophageal varices that is comparable to multiple band ligation." 05/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: Elasic band ligation is an effective and safe method for the treatment of esophageal varices. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Surgical Portasystemic Shunt (Portosystemic Shunt) 01/01/2004 - "Limitations of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for management of gastric varices." 03/01/1997 - "BACKGROUND & AIMS: The effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on portal hemodynamics, esophageal and gastric varices, and hepatic function have not been fully defined. " 01/01/1995 - "[Treatment of esophageal varices in the cirrhotic patients: at the third phase of TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt)]" 01/01/1995 - "Decompressive portosystemic shunt operations continue to be part of the therapeutic concept for hemorhaging of esophageal varices inspite of endoscopic scelerotherapy and TIPS. " 12/01/1993 - "The results, expressed as shunt index (SI) were: 8.8 +/- 5.2 in controls, 21.2 +/- 8.0 in cirrhotic patients without esophageal varices, 31.0 +/- 18.5 in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, and 49.0 +/- 6.9 in patients with portosystemic shunt. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Injections 01/01/1994 - "RESULTS: Esophageal varices were eradicated in 44 patients after a median number 6 injections (range 1-17) over a mean of 12.5 months (range 1-48). " 01/28/1982 - "A longer follow-up period will be required to assess both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of survival and to determine how long esophageal varices will remain eradicated as well as how frequently repeated injections will be required." 03/01/1979 - "A longer follow-up period will be required to assess both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of survival and to determine how long esophageal varices will remain eradicated as well as how frequently repeated injections will be required." 09/01/2002 - "One to three injections (0.5-1 mL) were given until all gastric varices became hard. " 09/01/1993 - "The procedure was performed every week, until the esophageal varices at the gastroesophageal junction were too small for any further injections. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Balloon Dilatation 07/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: The novel canine model developed with a rechargeable balloon dilatation constrictor is feasible and reliable for modeling esophageal varices." 07/01/2009 - "A novel canine model of esophageal varices with a balloon dilatation constrictor." 08/01/1985 - "An unusual complication of balloon tamponade in the treatment of esophageal varices: a case report and brief review of the literature." 01/01/1966 - "Balloon tamponade in the radiological diagnosis of esophageal varices." 06/01/1958 - "[Balloon tamponade of hemorrhagic esophageal varices.]" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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