Fetal Erythroblastosis (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.

Also Known As:

Networked: 297 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperbilirubinemia
2.	Cholestasis
3.	Hemolytic Anemia
4.	Thalassemia
5.	Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin S Disease)

Experts

1.	Dutta, Sourabh: 2 articles (01/2009 - 09/2003)
2.	Naiman, J L: 2 articles (11/2001 - 08/2001)
3.	Peng, Duan-Liang: 1 article (04/2022)
4.	Song, Jian: 1 article (04/2022)
5.	Yang, Ting: 1 article (04/2022)
6.	Yang, Yin-Zhong: 1 article (04/2022)
7.	Zhang, Jian-Bo: 1 article (04/2022)
8.	Zhou, Xiao-Fang: 1 article (04/2022)
9.	Gautam, Shiva: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Hudak, Mark L: 1 article (01/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fetal Erythroblastosis:

1.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 08/01/2008 - "Efficacy of two dose regimes of intravenous immunoglobulin in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn--a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2009 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn." 09/01/2003 - "To evaluate the role of intravenous immunoglobulins in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn. " 06/01/2015 - "Increased hemolysis after administering intravenous immunoglobulin to a neonate with erythroblastosis fetalis due to Rh hemolytic disease." 06/01/2012 - "Serial measurements of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocities, advanced plasmapheresis, intrauterine blood transfusion, and, if needed, intravenous immunoglobulin supplement, may be the appropriate treatment for early onset fetal erythroblastosis resulting from alloimmunization."
2.	Rh-Hr Blood-Group System (Rhesus Blood-Group System)IBA 01/01/1976 - "[Improved diagnosis fetal erythroblastosis due to Rh factors by combination of spectrophotometry (delta E 450) and a modified amniotic fluid ratio]." 05/30/1948 - "Some considerations on fetal erythroblastosis and Rh factor; observations of 10 months of study in the maternity service of the Sanatorium for education workers." 05/01/1959 - "[Fetal erythroblastosis from isosensitization to the rh" factor]." 01/01/1959 - "Prenatal tests for erythroblastosis fetalis caused by the Rh factor." 03/05/1953 - "[Contribution to the early diagnosis of erythroblastosis fetal by Rh factor]."
3.	BilirubinIBA 08/01/1963 - "[THE STUDY OF AMNIOTIC BILIRUBIN IN THE PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF FETAL ERYTHROBLASTOSIS CAUSED BY ANTI-RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION]." 08/01/1986 - "Sixteen isoimmunized pregnancies at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis were managed by serial amniocenteses for bilirubin delta optical density at 450 nm (delta OD450). " 07/01/1981 - "Real-time ultrasound was slightly more accurate than amniotic fluid bilirubin analysis in predicting moderate to severe erythroblastosis fetalis. " 08/01/1970 - "Bilirubin analysis in cases of erythroblastosis fetalis using thinlayer chromatography." 10/01/1965 - "[Fractional determination of bilirubin in hemolytic disease of newborn infants]."
4.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1998 - "Treatment of obstructive jaundice in erythroblastosis fetalis with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): a case report." 07/01/1998 - "To report a significant improvement of direct hyperbilirubinemia values, in an infant with cholestasis secondary to erythroblastosis fetalis, after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). "
5.	Blood Group Antigens (Blood Groups)IBA 10/01/2008 - "He used his knowledge of blood groups in forensics, parentage studies, testing and monitoring mothers, and treating their babies for erythroblastosis fetalis (now known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn). " 03/01/2023 - "There are few cases of hemolytic disease of newborn due to ABO incompatibility between mother and newborn with non - O blood group mother. " 03/01/2023 - "Hemolytic Disease of Newborn due to ABO Incompatibility between B Blood Group Mother and A Blood Group Neonate." 03/01/2019 - "ABO hemolytic disease of newborn : Does newborn's blood group a risk factor?" 11/01/1990 - "An unusual case of erythroblastosis fetalis caused by an irregular antibody of the Kell blood group is presented. "
6.	ErythropoietinFDA Link 08/01/1996 - "This study reports the Hb, erythropoietin (Epo), and reticulocyte course at different postnatal ages (range, 8-83 d) of 56 blood samples from 30 newborns (range, one or two blood samples from each newborn) with erythroblastosis fetalis (18 intrauterine transfused (IUTd) and 12 non-IUTd). " 02/01/1993 - "The mean plasma erythropoietin concentration in the small-for-gestational-age fetuses was significantly increased, and the degree of increase was significantly associated both with fetal acidemia and, more strongly, with fetal erythroblastosis. " 11/01/1992 - "The degree of increase in plasma erythropoietin was significantly associated with both fetal acidemia and, more strongly, fetal erythroblastosis. " 08/01/1957 - "[Incidence and importance of erythropoietin in erythroblastosis fetalis]." 06/01/1960 - "A study of erythropoietin in two types of hemolytic anemia-erythroblastosis fetalis and sickle cell anemia."
7.	AntibodiesIBA 09/01/2011 - "In hemolytic disease of newborn baby the titer of antibodies towards erythrocytes in a parturient woman blood serum is obligatory estimated with individual matching of erythrocyte-containing media for the exchanging transfusion to newborn baby." 10/01/2005 - "[Correlation of newborn hemolytic disease with ABO antibodies in sera of pregnant women]." 11/01/1993 - "We studied 33 women whose serum contained antibodies with the potential to cause erythroblastosis fetalis; 7 of the 33 women had antibodies other than Rh. " 09/01/1988 - "[Results of the blood serum examination for the presence of anti-ABO system antibodies in mothers of newborn infants with fetal erythroblastosis requiring exchange transfusion]." 11/01/1984 - "[Hemolytic disease of newborn infants caused by anti-Diego antibodies]."
8.	AntigensIBA 02/01/1965 - "QUANTITATIVE HEMAGGLUTINATION STUDIES OF THE D (RHO) ANTIGEN IN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS." 01/01/2018 - "We are reporting a rare case of hemolytic disease of newborn with weak D antigen in child. " 12/01/1986 - "[A case of hemolytic disease of newborn caused by antigen M isoimmunization in pregnancy]." 10/01/1985 - "Amniocentesis is indicated in only a few circumstances: previous child with erythroblastosis fetalis, significant increase in maternal Coombs titer, presence of Kell antigen in the father, and after comparison of the relative risks of hemolytic disease and amniocentesis in each patient. " 06/15/1979 - "[Severe erythroblastosis fetalis due to c-antigen incompatibility]."
9.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 04/01/2022 - "To investigate the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo of the neonate with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN), and explore its clinical valua in evaluating the severity of HDN. " 04/01/2022 - "[The Correlation Analysis between the Titer of IgG Anti-A/B Erythrocyte Antibody In Vivo of the Neonate and the Severity of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn]." 10/01/2017 - "the comparison of HDN incidence rate in 4 groups of IgG titer >64 and IgG titer <1:64 group showed that the prevalence of ABO hemolytic disease of newborn were 96.9%, 79.6%, 63, 7% and 28.8%, there was a certain correlation of pregnant women IgG titers with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn, that is, with the increase of IgG titer, the incidence of hemolytic disease of newborns increased in certain degree (r=0.8832), the risk in 4 groups of neonatal HDN was higher than that in IgG titer <1:64 of IgG titer >64 HDN group. " 01/01/2017 - "Hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) is a condition that develops in a fetus, when the IgG molecules produced by the mother pass through the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells. " 10/01/2017 - "To study the relationship between IgG titer of pregnant women and hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN) with different blood groups. "
10.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 09/01/1967 - "In vitro studies of insulin inactivation with reference to erythroblastosis fetalis." 10/01/1969 - "Serum insulin in newborn infants with erythroblastosis fetalis." 06/06/1968 - "Insulin and erythroblastosis fetalis." 03/01/1967 - "Pancreatic insulin content in severe erythroblastosis fetalis." 05/01/1972 - "Glucose metabolism, plasma insulin, and growth hormone secretion in newborn infants with erythroblastosis fetalis compared with normal newborns and those born to diabetic mothers."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Blood Transfusion (Blood Transfusions) 09/02/1950 - "[First case of fetal erythroblastosis due to ABO incompatibility only, treated successfully with blood transfusions artificially composed of O erythrocytes and AB plasma]." 12/01/2017 - "Accurate identification of RhD blood type is of great significance for a safe and effective clinical blood transfusion strategy, and for taking appropriate measures to prevent hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) at women childbearing age." 09/01/2011 - "In pregnant women it causes the immune conflict and, as a consequence, a hemolytic disease of newborn babies, demanding the treatment, using exchanging blood transfusion (erythrocytes). " 03/26/1988 - "Six patients with pregnancies of 19-31 weeks' duration showing evidence of erythroblastosis fetalis were treated with 25 fetal intracardiac blood transfusions. " 01/01/1974 - "[Kidney function in infants with history of past hemolytic disease of newborn treated with exchange blood transfusion]."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/1998 - "To report a significant improvement of direct hyperbilirubinemia values, in an infant with cholestasis secondary to erythroblastosis fetalis, after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). "
3.	Intrauterine Blood Transfusion 02/01/1967 - "Erythroblastosis fetalis with amniotic fluid studies and intra-uterine fetal transfusions. " 06/01/1993 - "All fetuses of the patients received intrauterine transfusions for the treatment of fetal erythroblastosis. " 07/01/1990 - "[Intrauterine blood transfusion as a method of treatment of the edematous form of hemolytic disease of newborn]." 12/01/1989 - "The management of severe erythroblastosis fetalis by fetal transfusion: survival of transfused adult erythrocytes in the fetus." 09/01/1989 - "The modern management of pregnancy complicated by erythroblastosis fetalis is based on serial amniocenteses followed by either intrauterine transfusions or early delivery of affected infants, depending on the gestational age. "
4.	Therapeutics 01/01/1989 - "[Diagnosis, perinatal therapy and prognosis of fetal erythroblastosis]." 04/01/1988 - "Intrauterine intravascular transfusions appear to be an effective mode of therapy in severe erythroblastosis fetalis and not only increase survival rates but also decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality." 11/06/1971 - "Intrauterine therapy of fetal erythroblastosis]." 11/01/1971 - "[Preventive care and prenatal therapy of hemolytic disease of newborn]." 04/01/1969 - "[On the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of fetal erythroblastosis]."
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/2015 - "While this is an uncommon occurrence, transient porphyrinemia should be considered in neonates with phototherapy induced cutaneous eruption and erythroblastosis fetalis." 04/01/2011 - "Phototherapy is the standard treatment in moderately severe hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN), whereas exchange transfusion (ET) is the second line in progressive cases. " 01/01/1973 - "[The role of phototherapy in the treatment of fetal erythroblastosis]." 01/01/2015 - "Our patient received phototherapy due to hyperbilirubinemia secondary to erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn). " 09/01/2000 - "When he was five days old, he was discharged and returned to follow-up at the 7th week of life when his bone marrow was beginning to recover from anemia.CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that pharmacologic agents and intensive phototherapy can be as useful as advantageous in severe hemolytic disease of newborn. "