Epilepsy (Aura)

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13892 relevant articles (721 outcomes, 1751 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

Also Known As:

Aura; Epileptic Seizures; Auras; Epileptic Seizure; Seizure Disorder; Seizure Disorders; Epilepsies; Epilepsy, Cryptogenic; Seizures, Epileptic; Single Seizure; Cryptogenic Epilepsies; Cryptogenic Epilepsy; Epilepsies, Cryptogenic; Epilepsy, Awakening; Seizure, Epileptic; Seizure, Single; Seizures, Single; Single Seizures; Awakening Epilepsy

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3406

Central Nervous System Diseases: 929

Brain Diseases: 1117

Epilepsy: 13892

Seizures: 27884

Status Epilepticus: 2417

Partial Epilepsies: 1105

Febrile Seizures: 653

Generalized Epilepsy: 639

Myoclonic Epilepsies: 337

Reflex Epilepsy: 142

Benign Neonatal Epilepsy: 52

Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: 43

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome: 38

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure)
2.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
3.	Syndrome
4.	Epilepsy (Aura)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Perucca, Emilio: 15 articles (07/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Elger, Christian E: 12 articles (08/2008 - 04/2003)
3.	Sander, Josemir W: 11 articles (07/2008 - 11/2002)
4.	Hammer, Anne E: 11 articles (03/2008 - 02/2003)
5.	Sander, J W: 11 articles (01/2006 - 01/2000)
6.	Vuong, Alain: 10 articles (03/2008 - 02/2003)
7.	Mula, Marco: 10 articles (08/2007 - 03/2002)
8.	Brodie, Martin J: 10 articles (07/2007 - 04/2002)
9.	Albani, Fiorenzo: 9 articles (11/2008 - 06/2002)
10.	Cavalheiro, Esper A: 9 articles (08/2008 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Epilepsy:

1.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 03/01/2006 - "The availability of ten new antiepileptic drugs since the late 1980s has not dramatically improved the outcome of refractory epilepsy" 01/19/1998 - "In spite of some 30 years of 'modern' neuroscientific epilepsy research, most novel, clinically effective second generation anticonvulsants have been found by screening (i.e" 12/01/1993 - "The increasing availability of new antiepileptic drugs coupled with the increasing success of epilepsy surgery has dramatically improved the life of many children with epilepsy." 08/01/1996 - "The ability to measure the serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs, and the widespread use of this procedure, has markedly improved the treatment given to patients with epilepsy during the past 3 decades" 07/18/1989 - "The process of distinguishing epilepsy from insanity began with the development of neurology as a new and independent discipline, helped by the discovery of electroencephalography EEG and potent antiepileptic drugs" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	lamotrigine (Lamictal)FDA LinkGeneric 12/16/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: The new anti-epileptic drugs have a major therapeutic advantage, not only in the management of epilepsy in different clinical situations, but also in the good results observed when using lamotrigine in patients of fertile age." 03/01/1998 - "PURPOSE: Lamotrigine (LTG) is a valuable addition to the medical management of epilepsy with wide spectrum of efficacy and good outcomes for quality of life" 02/01/1998 - "OBJECTIVE: Lamotrigine as add-on treatment (500 mg per day) is effective in patients with refractory epilepsy, but its high cost requires a pharmacoeconomic analysis" 01/01/2000 - "On the other hand, Lamotrigine seems to be more effective in patients with partial epileptic seizures with secondary generalization." 01/01/2008 - "The AED lamotrigine has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2005 - "The efficacy of sodium valproate for the treatment of most types of epilepsy has been demonstrated extensively and this drug remains the mainstay of treatment for many clinical situations" 01/01/2001 - "The highest efficiency of depakine was achieved in idiopathic forms of epilepsy (complete remission--in 74% of the cases) and, therefore, depakine can be used as a monotherapy" 06/01/2000 - "DEVELOPMENT: We review the adverse effects and emphasize the need to attain the desired dose after a slow, progressive increase in dosage, particularly when it is associated with valproic acid, since this therapeutic combination is very effective in refractory epilepsies" 08/01/1994 - "A girl with intractable epilepsy who received high dose valproic acid showed bone marrow suppression, which improved after the end of valproic acid treatment and the administration of supportive treatments" 01/01/1982 - "No significant differences have yet emerged in the efficacy of the two drugs, and valproate may be considered as a "fist-line" anticonvulsant in the treatment of adult onset epilepsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1985 - "Because of the favorable anticonvulsant and psychotropic efficacy of carbamazepine in the present study, coupled with the lack of serious side effects, it is recommended that the drug deserves wider use in African children with seizure disorders." 09/01/1983 - "Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant agent that has been found clinically useful in the treatment of refractory seizure disorders" 08/01/1982 - "Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug useful in the management of epilepsy" 03/28/2006 - "Improved tolerability and efficacy in epilepsy patients with extended-release carbamazepine." 08/23/2005 - "Improved tolerability and efficacy in epilepsy patients with extended-release carbamazepine." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	topiramate (Topamax)FDA Link 05/01/2003 - "Significant improvement in frontal lobe associated neuropsychological functions after withdrawal of topiramate in epilepsy patients." 07/01/2007 - "In terms of remission, Topamax was more effective in adolescents, youths and adults than in younger children, and this pattern was also seen in the treatment of symptomatic epilepsy" 10/01/2006 - "With its established efficacy for epilepsy treatment and its increased use for other disorders, topiramate-positive findings are more common in death-investigation and human-performance casework" 01/01/2008 - "Topiramate: its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy." 08/31/2006 - "Topiramate is a new anticonvulsant with multiple mechanisms of action, and it may be effective for treating pediatric epilepsies" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)IBA 02/01/1993 - "Previous studies have shown significantly greater GABA levels and numbers of GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICCN) of genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s)" 05/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that subacute electrical stimulation of PHC is more effective in patients with less severe epilepsy, an effect associated with a high GABA tissue content and a low rate of cell loss." 02/01/1996 - "The primary mechanism by which the action of synaptically released GABA is thought to be terminated is by re-uptake into neurones and glial cells, and the pharmacological inhibition of this uptake may be beneficial in conditions where decreased GABAergic transmission has been implicated, such as epilepsy" 01/01/1991 - "In recent years considerable emphasis has been placed on the hypothesis that enhancement of GABA transmission could be beneficial in some types of epilepsy" 07/01/1986 - "The iontophoretic dose (current) of GABA required to suppress neuronal firing in the epilepsy-prone rat was significantly greater than that required in neurons of the normal rat" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	etiracetam (levetiracetam)FDA Link 05/01/2008 - "Levetiracetam treatment was safe and effective in this group of very young patients with various types of epilepsy." 08/01/2005 - "Fast and sustained efficacy of levetiracetam during titration and the first 3 months of treatment in refractory epilepsy." 02/01/2003 - "Evidence for sustained efficacy of levetiracetam as add-on epilepsy therapy." 10/01/2004 - "Levetiracetam may be effective in generalized-onset epilepsy, and randomized, controlled trials are indicated." 02/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Levetiracetam appears to be effective, well tolerated, and safe in patients with epilepsy and other medical conditions that are difficult to manage because of drug interactions or AED-related side effects." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	VigabatrinIBA 02/01/1993 - "Vigabatrin has been effective in patients with refractory epilepsy" 01/01/1989 - "6. Vigabatrin thus appears to be a safe antiepileptic drug that may be effective in the treatment of severe epilepsy in children." 09/01/1994 - "OBJECTIVE--To determine the efficacy of a new anti-epileptic medication vigabatrin in adults and children with drug-resistant epilepsy" 11/01/1994 - "This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of vigabatrin in children with epilepsy" 12/01/1998 - "The short- and long-term clinical efficacy of add-on vigabatrin treatment was evaluated in a group of 36 patients with intellectual disability and drug-refractory epilepsy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1997 - "Although the spectrum of efficacy of gabapentin remains to be determined, it is likely to have a major beneficial impact on the treatment of childhood epilepsy." 01/12/2005 - "CONCLUSION: Gabapentin at a dosage of 1200 mg/d is safe and effective in treatment of epilepsy." 10/01/1998 - "Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug not appreciably metabolized by the liver in humans, and it appears to be safe and effective in the maintenance therapy of epilepsy in these patients" 01/12/2005 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of gabapentin in treatment of refractory epilepsy" 12/01/2003 - "Limited efficacy of gabapentin in severe therapy-resistant epilepsies of learning-disabled patients." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1980 - "Many medications and combinations of medications are available for the control of epilepsy, but phenytoin continues to be the most effective agent for most patients" 08/01/1986 - "Phenytoin is a major anticonvulsant drug that is very effective in controlling a wide variety of seizure disorders while impairing neurological function little, if at all" 09/01/1976 - "Our observations carried out in a meaningful sample of epileptic patients suggest that at present the practice of monitoring diphenylhydantoin plasma levels is still an essential tool for the management of epilepsy when a safe and effective therapeutic regimen is required." 01/01/1984 - "Single-dose intravenous phenytoin is both effective and safe in the treatment and prevention of epileptic seizures in pediatric patients." 07/01/2003 - "METHODS: From 100 consecutive epilepsy patients we selected those with phenytoin use for more than 2 months and with MRI scan available for volumetric studies" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2007 - "Since individuals with refractory epilepsy do not share a common reason for their treatment resistance, the use of targeted drug therapies may be our best option for improving treatment outcomes in this patient population" 01/23/1996 - "Despite all advances in drug therapy, the number of epilepsy patients not satisfactorily treatable with drug therapy has not been dramatically reduced statistically, so that the other two pillars of epilepsy therapy, i.e" 01/01/1986 - "Alternative single-drug therapy is beneficial for chronic refractory epilepsy and should be considered before a second drug is permanently added." 01/01/2001 - "However, data from a number of investigations carried out for other purposes can be used to see whether contemporary anticonvulsant drug therapy is associated with higher rates of expected untreated terminal remission than those that apply for never-treated patients with epilepsy, or for those whose anticonvulsant treatment has probably been inadequate for various social or historical reasons" 09/01/2005 - "Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with epilepsy, but therapies vary widely in their mechanism of action and acquisition cost" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Deep Brain Stimulation 10/01/2007 - "Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) may also be effective in patients with refractory epilepsy" 01/01/2007 - "Although randomized controlled studies are still missing, deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment option for a subgroup of carefully selected patients with intractable epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery" 09/01/2008 - "Epilepsia2007488:1551-156017726798 PURPOSE: This pilot study prospectively evaluated the efficacy of long-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in patients with MTL epilepsy" 08/01/2007 - "PURPOSE: This pilot study prospectively evaluated the efficacy of long-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in patients with MTL epilepsy" 01/01/2007 - "Epilepsy centers around the world have recently reinitiated trials with deep brain stimulation in different intracerebral structures such as the thalamus, the hippocampus and the subthalamic nucleus." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Electrodes (Electrode) 06/01/1993 - "We performed this study to determine the efficacy of continuous lumbar cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) drainage in controlling CSF leak during subdural strip electrode monitoring of epilepsy patients" 12/01/2001 - "However, because almost a half of the patients are normal on MRI, FDG PET and ictal SPECT are helpful for localization or at least for lateralization in these non-lesional epilepsies in order to guide the subdural insertion of electrodes" 08/01/1996 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine the indications for, efficacy of, and safety of depth electrode placement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided stereotactic surgery in patients with intractable epilepsy" 08/01/2007 - "In the current study, ERPs were recorded from intrahippocampal and scalp electrodes in 16 epilepsy patients" 03/01/2007 - "METHODS: Thirty children (4.7 - 14.9 years) and 18 adult controls (18-59 years) who underwent extraoperative language mapping via implanted subdural electrodes at the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center were included in the study" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Hemispherectomy 01/01/1995 - "Hemispherectomy is well recognized as an effective treatment for some types of intractable epilepsy, but the procedure is also known to be associated with significant late complications" 10/01/2001 - "Functional hemispherectomy, a safe and effective therapeutical procedure in medically intractable epilepsy, offers the chance to investigate a strictly unilateral cortical activation in ipsilateral limb movement" 05/01/1984 - "The authors describe a 7-year-old boy with severe epilepsy cured by means of two-stage hemispherectomy" 02/01/2004 - "Few studies have been conducted to compare whether there are perioperative differences based on hemispherectomy technique and/or pathological substrate in pediatric patients with epilepsy" 08/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was utilized to study 7 patients who had undergone hemispherectomy for control of longstanding intractable epilepsy to assess cortical motor reorganization and MEP (motor evoked potentials) ipsilateral to the remaining hemisphere" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/2008 - "Results The total effective rates were 96.7% in the two groups with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05); the epilepsy score before treatment was (13.58+/-4.01) points and after treatment was (8.30+/-4.52) points in the acupuncture-medicine group, and (12.97+/-3.91) points and (7.86+/-4.90) points in the medication group, respectively, with significant improvement after treatment in the score in the two groups (P<0.05)" 09/01/2006 - "RESULTS: The scores for epilepsy after treatment significantly improved in the both groups (P<0.05); the total effective rate was 94.0% in the treatment group and 82.0% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)" 09/01/2008 - "To investigate the potential anticonvulsive mechanism of a KD, we analyzed the SampEn of electroencephalography (EEG) data in patients with intractable pediatric epilepsy before and after treatment with a KD" 06/01/2003 - "After treatment, cases in the two groups all had lower frequency of epilepsy attacks and shorter duration of each attack as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01), but the situation was obviously better in the treatment group" 07/01/2000 - "Two patients are described who had frequent epileptic seizures, one with primary generalized, the other with partly complex type, in whom after treatment EEG pattern became normal but acute psychotic disturbances appeared" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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