Equine Encephalomyelitis (Equine Encephalitis)

A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)

Also Known As:

Networked: 83 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Poliomyelitis (Polio)
3.	Fever (Fevers)
4.	Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Encephalitis, Western Equine)
5.	Flavivirus Infections

Experts

1.	Carlton, Kevin: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
2.	Mascola, John R: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
3.	Glass, Pamela J: 2 articles (01/2019 - 10/2014)
4.	Valero, Nereida: 2 articles (07/2006 - 09/2005)
5.	Andrews, Charla: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Bray, Amy: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	Case, Christopher L: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Chen, Grace L: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Coates, Emily E: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Collins, Matthew H: 1 article (01/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Equine Encephalomyelitis:

1.	VaccinesIBA 06/03/1958 - "Equine encephalitis vaccine studies in pheasants under epizootic and pre-epizootic conditions." 04/30/1936 - "From a study by quantitative methods, the conclusion is reached that a resistance of high degree may be induced in guinea pigs and mice against experimental equine encephalomyelitis by means of formolized vaccines in which no active virus can be demonstrated. " 01/01/2022 - "Phase 1 success for a trivalent vaccine for the equine encephalitis viruses." 07/01/2019 - "Towards a vaccine for equine encephalitis viruses." 10/01/2018 - "The zoonotic equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs) can cause debilitating and life-threatening disease, leading to ongoing vaccine development efforts for an effective virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on 3 strains of EEV (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan or EEE, WEE and VEE VLPs, respectively). "
2.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 07/31/1936 - "ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION OF GUINEA PIGS WITH THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : III. QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF SERUM ANTIVIRAL BODIES IN ANIMALS IMMUNIZED WITH ACTIVE AND INACTIVE VIRUS." 08/01/2014 - "Some of the compounds also showed broad antiviral activity against several highly pathogenic RNA viruses including Ebola, Marburg, Venezuela equine encephalitis, and Lassa viruses. " 12/01/2011 - "In this review, we discuss the antiviral research and development initiatives focusing specifically on poxviruses, filoviruses, and equine encephalitis viruses (EEV). " 10/31/1938 - "INTRAPERITONEAL AND INTRACEREBRAL ROUTES IN SERUM PROTECTION TESTS WITH THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : III. COMPARISON OF ANTIVIRAL SERUM CONSTITUENTS FROM GUINEA PIGS IMMUNIZED WITH ACTIVE OR FORMOLIZED INACTIVE VIRUS." 01/01/2004 - "Independent researchers have demonstrated the antiviral activity of Ampligen against flaviviruses (West Nile virus, Equine Encephalitis virus, Dengue fever virus and Japanese Encephalitis virus) as well as virus classes associated with bioterrorism. "
3.	AntigensIBA 01/01/1961 - "Haemagglutinating antigens for various strains of tick-borne and Japanese B encephalitis viruses and for certain mutants of the virus of American equine encephalomyelitis have been prepared at the D. " 12/01/2017 - "Time-point samples from horses exposed to flavivirus infection during the 2011 outbreak of equine encephalitis in south-eastern Australia also indicated that the rE-DIII antigens were capable of detecting and differentiating MVEV and WNV infection in convalescent sera with similar sensitivity and specificity to virus neutralization tests and blocking ELISAs. " 01/01/1955 - "[Production of antigens and hyperimmune serums of St. Louis, Japanese B, and east and west equine encephalitis and attempted complement fixation]." 10/01/1947 - "Studies on the complement-fixation reaction in virus systems; equine encephalomyelitis virus antigens and antisera." 04/01/1986 - "The specific activity of diagnostic preparations based on monoclonal IgM MAK-14-7 interacting with the antigens of the Venezuela equine encephalomyelitis virus, monoclonal IgG KAMA-51 interacting with the antigens of the forest spring encephalitis virus and monoclonal IgA OKA and IgM OKA binding to the antigens of the vaccine virus was studied by the enzymatic immunological and immunofluorescent tests. "
4.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 01/01/1955 - "[Production of antigens and hyperimmune serums of St. Louis, Japanese B, and east and west equine encephalitis and attempted complement fixation]." 10/01/1947 - "Studies on the complement-fixation reaction in virus systems; equine encephalomyelitis virus antigens and antisera."
5.	Protective AgentsIBA 08/01/1938 - "Studies in Equine Encephalomyelitis: Chick Embryo Vaccine as a Protective Agent."
6.	Nitrogen DioxideIBA 03/01/1972 - "Studies were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) on aerosol survival and biological decay rate of Venezulean equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger. "
7.	Immune Sera (Antisera)IBA 10/01/1947 - "Studies on the complement-fixation reaction in virus systems; equine encephalomyelitis virus antigens and antisera."
8.	Quaternary Ammonium CompoundsIBA 07/01/1960 - "[Study of the action of some quaternary ammonium compounds against vaccinia virus and East and West equine encephalitis virus]."
9.	AerosolsIBA 03/01/1972 - "Studies were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) on aerosol survival and biological decay rate of Venezulean equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger. "
10.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/2014 - "In Brazil, although eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) has been identified in vectors and antibodies are sometimes detected in horses and humans, there have been no records of equine encephalitis in horses caused by this virus during the last 24 years. " 08/01/1985 - "Cellular clone (MAK 14-7), producing antibodies against the virus of Venezuela equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), strain 230, was isolated using the standard hybridomata technology. " 04/01/1982 - "The anti-E1, but not the anti-E2, antibodies cross-reacted with three serologically related equine encephalomyelitis viruses." 05/01/1962 - "[Equine encephalomyelitis in Conchas, Sao Paulo, Brazil: incidence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in humans and horses]." 04/01/1978 - "Plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies in response to each of the 3 equine encephalomyelitis viruses were determined after vaccination. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 05/15/2010 - "We hypothesized that therapy with LIGHT can expand functional tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells that can be boosted using HPV16E6E7-Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (HPV16-VRP) and that this combined therapy can eradicate human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-induced tumors. " 08/01/1946 - "Sodium iodide therapy in infectious equine encephalomyelitis." 01/01/2022 - "Western (WEEV), eastern (EEEV), and Venezuelan (VEEV) equine encephalitis viruses are mosquito-borne pathogens classified as potential biological warfare agents for which there are currently no approved human vaccines or therapies. "
2.	Intraocular Injections 02/01/1946 - "Corneal reaction to viruses of equine encephalomyelitis after intra-ocular injection."
3.	Gas Lasers 09/15/1998 - "This analysis, demonstrated here with tobacco mosaic virus U2, a bacteriophage MS2, and equine encephalitis TRD, is achieved with a combination of organic acid, UV-absorbing matrix, and high-energy desorption with a nitrogen laser. "
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections 10/31/1940 - "But intraperitoneal injection of glycerine, followed by intramuscular inoculation of St. Louis virus, resulted in marked facilitation of infection, as already remarked of fixed equine encephalomyelitis virus. "
5.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 01/01/2016 - "Similarly, children requiring critical care were more likely to have a broad diagnostic evaluation sent including cerebrospinal fluid cultures, blood bacterial and fungal cultures, western equine encephalitis antibody, St. Louis equine encephalitis antibody, varicella-zoster serology, human immunodeficiency virus 1 antibody, human immunodeficiency virus DNA polymerase chain reaction, acid-fast stain, and Lyme disease serology. "