Encephalomalacia

Softening or loss of brain tissue following CEREBRAL INFARCTION; cerebral ischemia (see BRAIN ISCHEMIA), infection, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, or other injury. The term is often used during gross pathologic inspection to describe blurred cortical margins and decreased consistency of brain tissue following infarction. Multicystic encephalomalacia refers to the formation of multiple cystic cavities of various sizes in the cerebral cortex of neonates and infants following injury, most notably perinatal hypoxia-ischemic events. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p665; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 1995 Mar;54(2):268-75)

Also Known As:

Networked: 93 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 6 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Epilepsy (Aura)
2.	Muscular Dystrophies (Muscular Dystrophy)
3.	Infarction
4.	Atrophy
5.	Hemorrhage

Experts

1.	Tan, Wen-Hann: 2 articles (09/2006 - 09/2005)
2.	Shih, Vivian E: 2 articles (09/2006 - 09/2005)
3.	Grant, P Ellen: 2 articles (09/2006 - 09/2005)
4.	Yanasse Dos Santos, Letícia: 1 article (08/2010)
5.	Yalcinkaya, Cengiz: 1 article (08/2010)
6.	Walter, Melanie: 1 article (08/2010)
7.	Tuysuz, Beyhan: 1 article (08/2010)
8.	Taskiran, Emine: 1 article (08/2010)
9.	Sass, Jörn Oliver: 1 article (08/2010)
10.	Reiss, Jochen: 1 article (08/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Encephalomalacia:

1.	Vitamin EFDA Link 09/01/1984 - "Prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) and chick liver-storage and plasma-storage assays of vitamin E were the methods used in the study. " 07/01/1998 - "A diagnosis of vitamin E-associated encephalomalacia was made based on clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, and liver vitamin E levels." 10/01/1995 - "Nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) in broiler chicken is considered as a peroxidative dysfunction caused by vitamin E-deficient diets. " 10/01/1993 - "An increase in the vitamin E level in the liver and plasma, and the prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) were used as criteria for biopotency. " 01/01/1982 - "Feeding chicks vitamin E for the first week delayed the development of encephalomalacia but did not prevent it. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Linoleic Acid (Linoleate)IBA 04/01/2000 - "Vitamin E deficiency and linoleic acid-feeding lead to nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) in chicks, affecting the cerebellum exclusively. " 04/01/1966 - "Influence of the level of dietary linoleic acid on the amount of d-alpha-tocopherol acetate required for protection against encephalomalacia." 04/01/1960 - "Linoleic acid as causative agent of encephalomalacia in chickens fed oxidized fats." 01/01/1980 - "A supply of linoleic acid, as fatty acid methyl esters prepared from safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius), caused a high incidence of encephalomalacia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	alpha-TocopherolFDA Link 04/01/1966 - "Influence of the level of dietary linoleic acid on the amount of d-alpha-tocopherol acetate required for protection against encephalomalacia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Oxidants (Oxidizing Agents)IBA 06/01/1980 - "Comparative efficacy of some vitamin E preparations and other anti-oxidants in control and treatment of experimentally produced encephalomalacia in chicks." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 10/01/2005 - "For males with elevated serum prolactin even when associated with focal encephalomalacia and seizure disorder, bromocriptine therapy can offer safe benefits including improved semen parameters and normal serum testosterone levels." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	ProlactinIBA 10/01/2005 - "For males with elevated serum prolactin even when associated with focal encephalomalacia and seizure disorder, bromocriptine therapy can offer safe benefits including improved semen parameters and normal serum testosterone levels." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: To describe successful oral bromocriptine therapy for hyperprolactinemia accompanied by seizure disorder and encephalomalacia identified during infertility evaluation. " 10/01/2005 - "Hyperprolactinemia presenting with encephalomalacia-associated seizure disorder and infertility: a novel application for bromocriptine therapy in reproductive endocrinology." 10/01/2005 - "For males with elevated serum prolactin even when associated with focal encephalomalacia and seizure disorder, bromocriptine therapy can offer safe benefits including improved semen parameters and normal serum testosterone levels." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	LipidsIBA 01/01/1963 - "[THE BEHAVIOR OF LIPIDS IN ANEMIC CEREBROMALACIA.]" 06/01/2001 - "Studies on the different effects of saturated and oxidized lipids in the production of encephalomalacia in chicks and muscular dystrophy in rats are reviewed. " 03/01/1967 - "The nonessential (omega3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, lower the essential fatty acid content of the testicular lipids only slightly, are not themselves incorporated into this tissue to any appreciable degree and thus do not show the inhibitory effect on production of the antioxidant-deficiency sign noted in the studies on encephalomalacia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)IBA 03/01/1967 - "The nonessential (omega3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, lower the essential fatty acid content of the testicular lipids only slightly, are not themselves incorporated into this tissue to any appreciable degree and thus do not show the inhibitory effect on production of the antioxidant-deficiency sign noted in the studies on encephalomalacia. " 01/01/1997 - "Nutritional encephalomalacia is a problem in poultry production which depends both on the actual vitamin E supply and the dietary amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. " 03/01/1964 - "ROLE OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN NUTRITIONAL ENCEPHALOMALACIA: INTERRELATIONSHIP OF ESSENTIAL AND NONESSENTIAL POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS." 11/01/1960 - "Effect of intravenous injection of oxidized methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids on chick encephalomalacia." 03/01/1967 - "Production of testicular degeneration in the antioxidant-deficient rat resembles encephalomalacia in the chick in its dependence on essential (omega6) fatty acids and is distinct from the generalized response to all polyunsaturated fatty acids seen in nutritional muscular dystrophy in the rat. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 05/01/2003 - "This article reports a rare case of multicystic encephalomalacia that occurred in the survivor twin with antepartum death of its co-twin. " 05/01/2002 - "Case 46: encephalomalacia in surviving twin after death of monochorionic co-twin." 11/01/1979 - "Multicystic encephalomalacia in liveborn twin with a stillborn macerated co-twin." 11/01/1995 - "Neuroradiographic studies demonstrated two pathologic patterns: varying degrees of periventricular white matter infarction with migrational abnormalities observed with earlier demise of the co-twin, and multicystic encephalomalacia observed when demise occurred at or near term. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 12/01/2007 - "The epileptogenic lesion was a left frontal encephalomalacia along the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt tract. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 02/01/1993 - "Nineteen nonsurvivors of newborn ECMO with autopsy results are divided into two groups: group 1: 12 patients who had intracranial lesions as the primary cause of death (hemorrhage 8, encephalomalacia 2, infarct 2); and group 2: 7 patients with nonintracranial primary causes of death. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Nursing Care 06/01/1969 - "[Nursing care of the patient with encephalomalacia complicated by hemiplegia and hearing disorders]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Intravenous Injections 11/01/1960 - "Effect of intravenous injection of oxidized methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids on chick encephalomalacia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Artificial Eye (Artificial Eyes) 01/01/2000 - "On the basis of the mechanism of uptake, they can be classified into four categories: (1) physiologic uptake (ectopic thyroid tissue), (2) nonthyroidal pathologic conditions (dacryocystitis, sinusitis, sinus mucocele, sialadenitis, folliculitis, Warthin's tumor, parotid cyst, porencephaly, posttraumatic cerebromalacia, and inflammation due to dental disease or a nose ring), (3) internal retention (ectasia of the carotid artery and an artificial eye), and (4) external contamination by body secretions (sweat and nasal, tracheobronchial, lacrimal, and salivary secretions). " Order ALL the reference details at left...