Dysarthria (Spastic Dysarthria)

Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)

Also Known As:

Spastic Dysarthria; Dysarthosis; Dysarthria, Flaccid; Dysarthria, Guttural; Dysarthria, Mixed; Dysarthria, Scanning; Dysarthria, Spastic; Dysarthoses; Dysarthria, Hyperkinetic; Dysarthria, Hypokinetic; Dysarthrias; Dysarthrias, Flaccid; Dysarthrias, Guttural; Dysarthrias, Hyperkinetic; Dysarthrias, Hypokinetic; Dysarthrias, Mixed; Dysarthrias, Scanning; Dysarthrias, Spastic; Flaccid Dysarthria; Flaccid Dysarthrias; Guttural Dysarthria; Guttural Dysarthrias; Hyperkinetic Dysarthrias; Hypokinetic Dysarthrias; Mixed Dysarthria; Mixed Dysarthrias; Scanning Dysarthria; Scanning Dysarthrias; Scanning Speechs; Spastic Dysarthrias; Speechs, Scanning; Hyperkinetic Dysarthria; Hypokinetic Dysarthria; Scanning Speech

Networked: 922 relevant articles (69 outcomes, 83 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Deglutition Disorders (Dysphagia)
2.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
3.	Ataxia (Dyssynergia)
4.	Tremor (Tremors)
5.	Stroke (Strokes)

Experts

1.	Pennington, Lindsay: 7 articles (10/2020 - 10/2009)
2.	Vogel, Adam P: 6 articles (01/2022 - 08/2010)
3.	Miller, Nick: 6 articles (01/2018 - 10/2009)
4.	Finsterer, Josef: 5 articles (03/2022 - 06/2007)
5.	Pinto, Serge: 5 articles (01/2015 - 09/2004)
6.	De Bodt, Marc: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2016)
7.	Van Nuffelen, Gwen: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2016)
8.	Katsuno, Masahisa: 4 articles (12/2019 - 06/2006)
9.	Sobue, Gen: 4 articles (12/2019 - 06/2006)
10.	Theodoros, Deborah G: 4 articles (06/2010 - 07/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dysarthria:

1.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 07/01/2021 - "With supportive care and empirical administration of IVIG her condition improved over months and at her final visit to hospital at five years, she was physically independent with mild persistent dysarthria. " 02/01/2022 - "She was started on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and had significantly improved dysphasia, dysarthria, and facial strength. " 04/20/2021 - "A 68-year-old man presented with a two-week history of ascending, symmetric, sensory neuropathy concerning an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that briefly responded to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. The initial workup was negative for acquired causes. After three months of poor response to standard therapies, he was hospitalized for severe disability, unintentional weight loss, and additional, unexplained neurologic symptoms including cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and muscle twitching. Positron emission tomography revealed hypermetabolism isolated to the bone marrow. " 01/01/2020 - "She improved well with dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin but still has dysarthria and poor fine motor coordination." 09/01/2008 - "This is a report about an immunocompetent 4-year-old female child affected with acute encephalitis by parvovirus B19, documented by polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and dexamethasone and who developed a cerebellar syndrome with ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria. "
2.	SteroidsIBA 08/01/2022 - "Five days after steroid treatment, bulbar symptoms, such as nasal voice and dysarthria, appeared. " 10/01/2019 - "A 48 years old man presented a first case of sub-acute onset of encephalopathy and dysarthria with MRI findings suggestive for ADEM for which he underwent an intravenous and oral steroid treatment followed by a complete clinical remission. " 12/01/2023 - "Case 1 was a 78-year-old man who presented with subacute progressive gait ataxia with truncal instability and dysarthria in response to steroids. " 04/01/2021 - "A 48-year-old man undergoing treatment for squamous cell cancer of the larynx with chemotherapy and steroids presented with dysarthria and weakness. " 01/01/2022 - "High-dose steroid-responsive COVID-19-related encephalopathy with a sudden onset of dysarthria mimicking stroke: a case report."
3.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Our findings are potentially relevant in research to identify early parkinsonian dysarthria, and to tele-monitoring of the levodopa response in patients with established PD." 02/01/1989 - "In contrast, strong correlations were found between all neuropsychological test scores and axial symptoms such as gait disorder and dysarthria, which respond little if at all to levodopa treatment. " 09/01/1987 - "In contrast, the aggravation of gait disorder, postural instability, and dysarthria was more severe, with decreased percentage of improvement on levodopa in patients with longer evolution. " 03/01/2015 - "Droolers had higher levodopa equivalent daily doses, higher incidences of dysarthria, dysphagia and fluctuation, higher scores for the UPDRS part III, NMSS, HAMD and HAMA, and higher scores for the mobility, activities of daily life, stigma and communication subdomains of the PDQ-39 than the non-droolers (p < 0.05). " 11/01/2005 - "Levodopa (L-dopa) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation treatments have been associated with both improvement and exacerbation of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). "
4.	IronIBA 01/01/2020 - "These mutations result in iron accumulation in the brain basal ganglia leading to parkinsonism, dysarthria, spasticity, cognitive impairment, and retinopathy. " 10/27/2023 - "Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), also called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disease associated with brain iron accumulation and characterized by progressive dystonia, dementia, and dysarthria symptoms. " 01/01/2014 - "Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dystonia, dysarthria, rigidity, pigmentary retinal degeneration and brain iron accumulation. " 03/01/2012 - "Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare, inborn error of metabolism characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and by the presence of dystonia, dysarthria, and retinal degeneration. " 01/01/2023 - "Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder with brain iron accumulation characterized as dysarthria, spasticity, cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, and retinopathy. "
5.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2011 - "However, the patient still has moderate dysarthria more than 2 years after tacrolimus discontinuation. " 10/01/1996 - "Dysarthria and apraxia of speech associated with FK-506 (tacrolimus)." 08/01/2023 - "Tacrolimus-induced akinetic mutism and persistent dysarthria following orthotopic liver transplantation." 11/01/2011 - "The Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable adverse reaction of mutism and dysarthria associated with tacrolimus therapy. " 11/01/2011 - "We report a case of mutism with persistent dysarthria in a patient receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression following allogeneic liver transplantation. "
6.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "The patient's complaints, including dysarthria, improved after carbamazepine treatment." 01/01/2021 - "We present the case of a female 48-year-old patient who shortly after an MS diagnosis developed paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia related to a midbrain lesion and was eventually treated with carbamazepine." 01/01/2014 - "Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in the complete reversal of the paroxysmal ataxia and dysarthria. " 09/01/1990 - "We report a case of a patient who attained toxic carbamazepine serum concentrations (ranging from 18.2 to 21.5 micrograms/mL) two days after cardiothoracic surgery and an intraoperative myocardial infarction, and experienced lethargy, diplopia, dysarthria, diaphoresis, and horizontal and downgaze nystagmus. " 11/01/2000 - "The neurologic signs and symptoms of carbamazepine and phenytoin toxicity, such as ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus, are well known. "
7.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1992 - "Immediate withdrawal of cyclosporine at the onset of a change in mental status or dysarthria and improvement in intra- and postoperative management may have contributed to the decreased incidence of neurological complications." 11/01/1998 - "Three liver transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine developed a reversible neurologic syndrome characterized by early dysarthria, which evolved to anarthria, and tetraparesis. " 11/01/1998 - "Therefore, cyclosporine may cause central pontine myelinolysis, being dysarthria the first manifestation of neurotoxicity. " 11/01/2002 - "In patients receiving cyclosporin and tacrolimus, headache, tremors, dysarthria, seizures and delirium are the most common disorders and are not always related to toxic drug concentrations or overdosage. " 03/01/1997 - "He had been treated for Behçet uveitis using cyclosporine and colchicine during the past 5 years, and he acutely presented with fever and headache, followed left hemiparesis, dysarthria and dysphagia. "
8.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Hypokinetic dysarthria in PD may not only result from dopamine degeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway but also from disturbances in the motor and somatosensory systems. " 03/01/2022 - "Spinal Cord Stimulation Improved Freezing of Gait and Hypokinetic Dysarthria of a Patient with Dopamine-Resistant Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonian Type." 08/01/2014 - "These abnormalities, collectively termed hypokinetic dysarthria (HKD), have been traditionally attributed to hypokinesia and bradykinesia secondary to muscle rigidity and dopamine deficits. " 01/01/1999 - "Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) is a genetic movement disorder characterized by abrupt onset over hours to days of bradykinesia, postural instability, dysphagia, dysarthria, and severe dystonic spasms with decreased levels of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). "
9.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "She improved well with dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin but still has dysarthria and poor fine motor coordination." 09/01/2008 - "This is a report about an immunocompetent 4-year-old female child affected with acute encephalitis by parvovirus B19, documented by polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and dexamethasone and who developed a cerebellar syndrome with ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria. " 05/15/2022 - "One month after the initiation of lenalidomide-dexamethasone with prophylactic aspirin, she developed facial paralysis, dysarthria, and left hemiplegia. " 03/01/2011 - "Examples of such causal therapy include aminopyridines for downbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2; carbamazepine for vestibular paroxysmia, paroxsymal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis, and superior oblique myokymia; betahistine, dexamethasone, and gentamicin for Menière's disease; gabapentin and memantine for different forms of acquired and congenital nystagmus; corticosteroids for acute vestibular neuritis and Cogan's syndrome; metoprolol and topiramate for vestibular migraine; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine for phobic postural vertigo. "
10.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2022 - "With antibiotic treatment, the evolution was marked by a stable apyrexia with regression of the dysarthria. " 01/01/2004 - "Dysarthria appeared during the 4th week of the antibiotic therapy, but resolved completely 8 hours after onset. " 08/11/2016 - "We describe a previously healthy 50-year-old man who presented with dysarthria secondary to bacterial endocarditis with multiple cerebral, coronary, splenic, and peripheral emboli; antibiotic therapy contributed to the multiple emboli. " 03/12/2013 - "A 63-year-old woman presented with 24 hours of dysarthria, confusion, and appendicular ataxia preceded by watery diarrhea, without fever, nausea, vomiting, meningeal signs, recent travel, or antibiotic use. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/06/2022 - "After therapy, the WAB, Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, and GQOLI-74 scores in both groups increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the treatment group exhibited a significantly greater increase than that of the controls (P < 0.05). " 10/01/2009 - "We discuss the evidence that phonation therapy is significantly more effective for rehabilitating Mandarin-English bilinguals with dysarthria in Mandarin (a tonal language) than in English (a non-tonal language)." 11/01/2023 - "A descriptive model of speech rate suggested that speakers with PD and dysarthria in this study would benefit from rate reduction therapy decreasing articulation rate. " 01/01/2020 - "This study explored how people with MS experienced a novel therapeutic approach combining dysarthria therapy with poetry in a group format.Method" 01/01/2019 - "A randomised controlled trial of internet delivered dysarthria therapy is feasible."
2.	Language Therapy (Language Training) 05/01/2023 - "During the second, 5-month treatment series, however, with tPBM applied first, to the left hemisphere only, and second, to both hemispheres during each session plus simultaneous speech-language therapy, there was marked improvement in the dysarthria and expressive language. " 07/18/2016 - "To assess whether any speech and language therapy intervention aimed at improving the speech of children with dysarthria is more effective in increasing children's speech intelligibility or communicative participation than no intervention at all , and to compare the efficacy of individual types of speech language therapy in improving the speech intelligibility or communicative participation of children with dysarthria. " 05/01/2023 - "Results and conclusions: During the initial, 5-month treatment series with traditional speech-language therapy only, there was little to no improvement in dysarthria and expressive language. " 07/20/2005 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following non-progressive brain damage. " 02/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of speech and language therapy interventions for adults with dysarthria following nonprogressive brain damage. "
3.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 09/01/2009 - "The results of this study indicate that elements of Smooth Speech Therapy may prove effective in the treatment of ataxic dysarthria, particularly in the treatment of prosodic defects." 01/01/2015 - "Although speech therapy is effective in handling PD dysarthria, behavioral speech rehabilitation in PD still needs further validation." 09/01/2013 - "Task-oriented approach for speech therapy is effective in treating patients with spastic dysarthria. " 09/01/2021 - "This exploratory study compared the effects of two speech therapy approaches on speech characteristics of young adults with congenital dysarthria resulting from various etiologies: a) articulation training focusing on consonant articulation exercises at various levels (isolation, syllables, and words), and b) the Beatalk method, based on human beatboxing, i.e., producing various instrumental sounds in an a-cappella musical context. " 01/01/2021 - "What this paper adds to existing knowledge The computer-based speech therapy approach developed and applied in this study intends to support intensive articulation training of patients with dysarthria. "
4.	Deep Brain Stimulation 01/01/2023 - "These results provide insights into the mechanism of stimulation-induced dysarthria in deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and may guide reprogramming attempts for individual Parkinson's patients based on pathophysiological understanding of the affected networks." 01/01/2019 - "The long-term effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on dysarthria can be detrimental. " 10/01/2016 - "Directional deep brain stimulation: A case of avoiding dysarthria with bipolar directional current steering." 03/01/2011 - "The long-term effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) on dysarthria remains unclear. " 12/12/2022 - "This study aimed to evaluate whether long-term averaged spectrum (LTAS) descriptors for reading and monologue are suitable to detect worsening of dysarthria in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) with potential effect of ON and OFF stimulation conditions and types of connected speech. "
5.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 01/01/2017 - "This study was designed to investigate the effect of palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) on the speech of individuals with different types of dysarthria. " 01/01/2000 - "On the basis of this preliminary retrospective study, the use of a palatal lift/augmentation prosthesis should be considered in ALS patients with dysarthria." 01/01/2000 - "The use of palatal lift/augmentation prostheses for dysarthria in ALS is not a frequently requested procedure by neurologists. " 06/01/1985 - "This paper deals with the decision making process involved in patient selection for the use of speech prostheses in adult dysarthria. " 06/01/1985 - "A patient selection profile for the use of speech prostheses in adult dysarthria."