Drug Toxicity (Drug Safety)

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3472 relevant articles (134 outcomes, 354 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Manifestations of the adverse effects of drugs administered therapeutically or in the course of diagnostic techniques. It does not include accidental or intentional poisoning for which specific headings are available.

Also Known As:

Drug Safety; Adverse Drug Event; Toxicity, Drug; Adverse Drug Events; Adverse Drug Reactions; Drug Event, Adverse; Drug Events, Adverse; Drug Reaction, Adverse; Drug Reactions, Adverse; Drug Toxicities; Event, Adverse Drug; Events, Adverse Drug; Reaction, Adverse Drug; Reactions, Adverse Drug; Safety, Drug; Toxicities, Drug; Adverse Drug Reaction

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Disorders of Environmental Origin

Poisoning: 38097

Drug Toxicity: 3472

Drug Eruptions: 741

Serotonin Syndrome: 499

Drug-Induced Dyskinesia: 67

Drug-Induced Akathisia: 42

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Syndrome
3.	Drug Toxicity (Drug Safety)
4.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
5.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris)

Experts

1.	Gordon, Kirsha S: 1 article (11/2008)
2.	Mattocks, Kristin M: 1 article (11/2008)
3.	Veterans Aging Cohort Study Project Team: 1 article (11/2008)
4.	King, Joseph T: 1 article (11/2008)
5.	Fultz, Shawn L: 1 article (11/2008)
6.	Zingmond, David S: 1 article (11/2008)
7.	Goulet, Joseph L: 1 article (11/2008)
8.	Kraft, Michael: 1 article (11/2008)
9.	Valdez, Hernan: 1 article (11/2008)
10.	Justice, Amy C: 1 article (11/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Drug Toxicity:

1.	EnzymesIBA 03/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: It was concluded that genomic testing for enzymes of drug metabolism has significant potential for improving the efficacy of drug treatment and reducing adverse drug reactions. " 04/01/2004 - "Several studies of the correlation between the genetic polymorphism of enzymes metabolizing several DMARDs and efficacy or adverse drug reactions have already been reported, suggesting that pharmacogenetics will be applicable to the treatment of RA in the near future." 06/01/2003 - "The aim of the presented part of the study was to look for evident differences in genotypes for polymorphic drug metabolizing enzymes between adverse drug reaction cases and controls. " 11/14/2001 - "DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE English-language only searches for adverse drug reaction studies published between January 1995 and June 2000 and review articles of variant alleles of drug-metabolizing enzymes published between January 1997 and August 2000. " 11/01/2001 - "Studies of the biochemical and enzymatic properties of these enzymes and their molecular genetics and regulation of gene expression and activity have greatly enhanced our understanding of several aspects of clinical pharmacology such as pharmacokinetic variability, drug toxicity, and drug interactions. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 (CYP2D6)IBA 04/01/2009 - "Individuals who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, have an increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when treated with CYP2D6-metabolized drugs, suggesting that CYP2D6 genotyping might be beneficial for patient care. " 01/01/2007 - "Our aim was to compare the distribution of functional polymorphisms in the genes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 between healthy control group and of patients reffered to our department due to adverse drug reactions or insufficient efficacy of a treatment. " 01/01/2005 - "This study tested whether the CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype was associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and discontinuation due to ADRs. " 12/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: CYP2D6 genotype has been shown in previous clinical studies to be a good predictor of CYP2D6 phenotype and, therefore, related to therapeutic response and the risk of drug toxicity. " 01/01/2004 - "Several case reports and clinical studies suggest that CYP2D6 PMs are at a greater risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on antidepressant medication than extensive metabolizers (EMs). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 09/01/1985 - "Knowledge of the risks of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions with different agents and different doses should be clinically helpful in assessing risks and benefits when oral antibiotics are prescribed for children." 01/01/1994 - "route of administration, compliance, drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug toxicity, and drug-disease interactions, it is also helpful for practitioners to become familiar with a small number of the large group of available antibiotics. " 12/01/2004 - "- Study of the uses of the data-processing tool: detection of adverse drug events and inappropriate therapies; diffusion of the probable bacteria and their sensitivities to antibiotics following the infected site; creating decisional algorithms leading to suggested antibiotic therapy concept. " 07/01/1990 - "Data from two samples of ambulatory patients participating in a postmarketing surveillance study, one receiving antibiotics and another receiving tricyclic antidepressant agents, are presented, indicating that patients appear to be capable of correctly discriminating probable adverse drug reactions from other adverse clinical events. " 06/01/2009 - "Forty-five children treated with 82 courses of 15 different antibiotics over 344 weeks during outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy were evaluated for adverse drug events (ADE). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 11/01/2001 - "Some of these important developments are the delineation of mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, identification of groups at highest risk for development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal complications, recognition of co-therapies that could reduce nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity, and, most recently, development of classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with improved gastrointestinal safety profiles. " 10/01/2004 - "Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) proves to be a useful tool to assess adherence, to investigate drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral (ARV) drugs or with co-medications, to prevent some ARV drug toxicities, to adjust the dosage in particular populations, and to increase ARV efficacy of some drugs in naive patients. " 04/01/1998 - "Therefore, EMA/CO regimen groups were found to have low drug toxicity, early remission and a low failure rate. " 10/05/1996 - "Of these 849, 669 patients (78.8%) co-operated and completed a questionnaire pertaining to their perceptions of privacy in relation to reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and postmarketing surveillance studies. " 09/01/1996 - "Of these 849, 669 patients (78.8%) co-operated and completed a questionnaire pertaining to their perceptions and viewpoints of privacy in relation to the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and postmarketing surveillance studies. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "We investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) blood levels and drug toxicity in a chronic rat study in which long-term (30 weeks) CsA was administered. " 11/01/2004 - "The attribution of cyclosporin with this neurotoxic effect was analyzed using Naranjo's probability estimation method for adverse drug reactions, which resulted in causality being considered probable." 06/01/2001 - "Based on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale, our report would achieve a "probable" score, which supports the existence of a St John's wort-cyclosporine adverse drug interaction. " 06/01/1997 - "A number of recent reports, largely anecdotal, of adverse drug reactions and acute cellular rejection after conversion from the standard formulation to the microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin have created uncertainty over the therapeutic equivalency of these agents. " 06/01/1997 - "This leading article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions of cyclosporin as well as the potential risks associated with switching between cyclosporin formulations in stable renal transplant recipients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)FDA Link 02/01/2005 - "Adverse drug events consisted of minor irritation in some lesional areas treated with tacrolimus. " 03/01/1993 - "Additionally, eight children have been switched to FK 506 because of refractory rejection and drug toxicity. " 06/01/1988 - "The introduction of new drugs such as FK 506, some of which are clearly synergistic with CsA, could ameliorate past problems with drug toxicity. " 09/01/2009 - "Genotyping future transplant recipients for ABCB1 polymorphisms, therefore, could have the potential to individualize better tacrolimus immunosuppressive therapy and enhance drug safety." 12/26/2006 - "Low-dose tacrolimus combination therapy provides an effective protection to the liver graft with mild drug toxicity to the patient." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Forty-three patients were treated with azathioprine therapy, 4 experienced myelotoxicity, and 1 experienced hepatotoxicity, so the incidence of drug toxicity was 11.7% (5/43). " 01/01/2007 - "RESULTS: Fifteen patients developed adverse effects (21.4%); there was a significant underrepresentation of the GST-M1 null genotype among patients developing adverse drug reactions to azathioprine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.037-0.72, P = 0.0072) compared with patients who did not develop adverse effects. " 01/01/2007 - "The ITPA c.94C>A [P32T] sequence variant is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions in patients treated with the thiopurine drug azathioprine. " 08/01/2002 - "In patients established on azathioprine these is no clear evidence to suggest that TPMT is predictive of clinical response or drug toxicity, indicating a role for TPMT in the prediction of early events rather than long term control. " 08/01/1998 - "Childhood onset patients more often received azathioprine (15% v 6%, p = 0.00004; OR:11.2; 95% CI:2.8, 44.9) but no differences were detected between the groups concerning side effects or drug toxicity. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 01/01/2006 - "The task ahead will be to examine whether the beneficial structural and pharmacokinetic properties of multivesicular liposome formulations will translate into improved clinical outcomes, either because of decreased drug toxicity or increased drug efficacy." 09/10/2009 - "Cationic liposomes as carriers for aerosolized formulations of an anionic drug: safety and efficacy study." 09/30/2000 - "Liposomes are of particular interest as a DDS because they can reduce drug toxicity, and offer promise as gene carriers. " 11/01/1998 - "Alterations of the biodistribution of drugs, when they are liposomes-associated, in general leads to significant overall decreases in drug toxicity but can also increase toxicity in some tissues. " 02/01/1993 - "Sugar-coated liposomes: a novel delivery system for increased drug efficacy and reduced drug toxicity." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Drug Receptors (Drug Receptor)IBA 03/01/2004 - "Ina similar manner, polymorphisms in the genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and drug receptors can influence a neonate's risk of an adverse drug reaction or can alter the efficacy of drug treatment. " 01/01/2008 - "Pharmacogenetics encompasses genetic variation with importance for drug response and adverse drug reactions with emphasis on drug transporters, drug metabolizing enzymes, and drug receptors. " 11/11/2000 - "Polymorphisms in the genes that code for drug-metabolising enzymes, drug transporters, drug receptors, and ion channels can affect an individual's risk of having an adverse drug reaction, or can alter the efficacy of drug treatment in that individual. " 12/01/1998 - "Major research challenges include the following: (1) the genetic variation of drug targets (receptors, enzymes, etc.), drug transporters (multispecific organic anion transporter, P-glycoprotein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, etc.), and drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s and other enzymes); (2) the structure and function of all genetic variants of drug receptors, transporters, and metabolizing enzymes; (3) the induction, repression, and inhibition of all components involved in drug disposition; (4) the development of noninvasive in vivo methods to determine the physiological significance of various components in the handling of specific therapeutic agents in humans; (5) the mechanism of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions; and (6) the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships to explain the individual differences in therapeutic efficacy and drug safety. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 02/01/1996 - "Consequently, the biotransformation pattern of antidepressants has an important influence on their clinical properties, i.e., pharmacokinetics, toxicity, drug-drug interactions, side-effect profile and last but not least therapeutic efficacy. " 04/01/2008 - "* Antidepressants were initiated in a relatively low dose, with gradual dose increments thereafter, reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions. " 12/01/2007 - "Spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions on antidepressants from HCPs received by The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb from May 2004 to May 2005 were included for comparison. " 10/01/2006 - "They are expected to be rare (<1% in different ethnic groups) and prone to adverse drug reactions with many antidepressants. " 03/01/2006 - "The risk groups defined by a combined genotype from both polymorphisms demonstrated a major effect on the incidence of adverse drug events in patients treated with predominantly HTT-blocking antidepressants (p = 0.00018; low risk: 0%, 0/13, medium risk: 13.3%, 2/15, high risk: 62.5%, 10/16). " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2002 - "The guidelines for the prevention of adverse drug reactions are also necessary to achieve the best results from chemotherapy. " 11/03/1990 - "Eight of the 11 patients in whom complete remission was obtained had received the heavy induction chemotherapy required by the degree of malignancy, but no death due to drug toxicity was recorded. " 01/01/1998 - "Current efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy have concentrated on decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug doses (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem-cell support). " 09/01/1997 - "Current efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy have concentrated on decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug doses (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell support). " 09/01/1997 - "To avoid compromising therapeutic efficacy or increasing drug toxicity, practitioners need to be aware of potential interactions and are encouraged to use a systematic approach when managing patient drug therapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Medication Errors (Medication Error) 01/01/2003 - "Significant reduction of medication errors and adverse drug events requires systemic implementation of information technology, improvements in the reporting of errors, and integration with other systems designed to detect and prevent errors." 11/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of a Computerized Physician Order Entry system with basic Clinical Decision Support (CPOE/CDSS) on the incidence of medication errors (MEs) and preventable adverse drug events (pADEs). " 11/01/2009 - "The influence that electronic prescribing has on medication errors and preventable adverse drug events: an interrupted time-series study." 06/01/2009 - "Concerning patient safety, much research has been undertaken to study medication-related events, such as adverse drug events or medication errors; however, only little is known about device-related events and patient safety. " 04/27/2009 - "METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of pharmacist intervention on adverse drug events and medication errors. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2009 - "The aim of this study is to describe drug exposure and adverse drug events (ADEs) reported by liver-transplant patients (LTP). " 07/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in these candidate pharmacogenetic loci predict adverse drug reactions to AZA immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant patients. " 04/01/1996 - "The duration of the study ended for each animal when the graft stopped beating at which time the animals were euthanized and the transplanted heart and native kidneys harvested and processed for light microscopy evaluation of rejection and drug toxicity, respectively. " 03/01/2009 - "Drug exposure and perceived adverse drug events reported by liver-transplant patients." 06/01/2008 - "Hypoxic and inflammatory insults cause substantial early posttransplant graft loss while allo/autoimmunity and immunosuppressive drug toxicity threaten long-term graft mass and function. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Polypharmacy 09/01/1998 - "Geriatric patients exhibit a decline in the hepatic clearance of certain drugs and a marked increase in the frequency of adverse drug reactions, reflecting an increase in polypharmacy regimens and declines in liver volume and blood flow rather than reduced Phase I metabolism. " 01/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use in elderly internal-medicine patients in one Austrian center and to define the impact of these and other identified predictors on the occurrence of adverse drug events. " 03/01/2000 - "A study of ambulatory elderly patients with polypharmacy documented that 35% reported experiencing at least one adverse drug event within the previous year. " 04/01/1996 - "This paper reviews representative studies showing that consultation-liaison interventions improve patient care, enhance patients' satisfaction with treatment, and reduce polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions, and subsequent hospitalizations. " 05/01/2009 - "Polypharmacy, the use of multiple medications, is commonly prescribed in the elderly but leads to reduced compliance with drug treatment regimens and increased risk of adverse drug reactions. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Drug Prescriptions 11/01/2001 - "The article goes into three main issues: the production of evidence about efficacy of drugs, their safety profile through the collection of data about adverse drug reactions and the appropriateness of drug prescription." 12/01/1999 - "Clinical pharmacogenomics promises to increase the safety and efficacy of drug prescription, decrease the incidence of adverse drug reactions, help improve public health, and presage in an era of personalized, predictive, and prophylactic medicine. " 05/01/2004 - "Pharmacoepidemiology examples of adverse drug reaction studies are presented along with drug prescription surveillance and analysis of prescribing patterns, useful tools for health services evaluation as well as health economics, from the simple evaluation of health care burden for drug expenditure to the various studies of cost of drugs. " 01/01/2002 - "The other study found that 14 of 19 drug prescriptions associated with 17 severe adverse drug reactions were either unlicensed or off-label. " 09/01/1999 - "The database of the study contains approximately 174,000 in-hospital drug prescriptions, approximately 88,000 discharge diagnoses and a great deal of data on topical geriatric items such as cognitive performance, disability, comorbidity, adverse drug reactions and incontinence. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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