Drug Toxicity (Drug Safety)

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1291 relevant articles (68 outcomes, 136 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Manifestations of the adverse effects of drugs administered therapeutically or in the course of diagnostic techniques. It does not include accidental or intentional poisoning for which specific headings are available.

Also Known As:

Drug Safety; Toxicity, Drug; Drug Toxicities; Safety, Drug; Toxicities, Drug

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Disorders of Environmental Origin

Poisoning: 37042

Drug Toxicity: 1291

Drug Eruptions: 707

Serotonin Syndrome: 469

Drug-Induced Dyskinesia: 66

Drug-Induced Akathisia: 42

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Syndrome
3.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)
4.	Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest)
5.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Gordon, Kirsha S: 1 article (11/2008)
2.	Mattocks, Kristin M: 1 article (11/2008)
3.	Veterans Aging Cohort Study Project Team: 1 article (11/2008)
4.	King, Joseph T: 1 article (11/2008)
5.	Fultz, Shawn L: 1 article (11/2008)
6.	Zingmond, David S: 1 article (11/2008)
7.	Goulet, Joseph L: 1 article (11/2008)
8.	Kraft, Michael: 1 article (11/2008)
9.	Valdez, Hernan: 1 article (11/2008)
10.	Justice, Amy C: 1 article (11/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Drug Toxicity:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 11/01/2001 - "Some of these important developments are the delineation of mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, identification of groups at highest risk for development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal complications, recognition of co-therapies that could reduce nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity, and, most recently, development of classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with improved gastrointestinal safety profiles" 10/01/2004 - "Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) proves to be a useful tool to assess adherence, to investigate drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral (ARV) drugs or with co-medications, to prevent some ARV drug toxicities, to adjust the dosage in particular populations, and to increase ARV efficacy of some drugs in naive patients" 04/01/1998 - "Therefore, EMA/CO regimen groups were found to have low drug toxicity, early remission and a low failure rate" 05/20/2007 - "Co-culturing of hepatocytes and nonhepatic primary cells from other organs in the integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture (IdMOC) may allow the evaluation of multiple organ interactions in drug metabolism and drug toxicity" 06/01/2002 - "Reviewed data suggest that drug treatment should be increasingly custom tailored to suit the individual patient and that appropriately co-prescribed diet and herbal remedies, could increase drug efficacy and lessen drug toxicity" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 01/01/2006 - "The task ahead will be to examine whether the beneficial structural and pharmacokinetic properties of multivesicular liposome formulations will translate into improved clinical outcomes, either because of decreased drug toxicity or increased drug efficacy." 09/30/2000 - "Liposomes are of particular interest as a DDS because they can reduce drug toxicity, and offer promise as gene carriers" 11/01/1998 - "Alterations of the biodistribution of drugs, when they are liposomes-associated, in general leads to significant overall decreases in drug toxicity but can also increase toxicity in some tissues" 02/01/1993 - "Sugar-coated liposomes: a novel delivery system for increased drug efficacy and reduced drug toxicity." 01/01/1992 - "Future directions One of the earliest applications of liposomes may be in the amelioration of drug toxicity" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "We investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) blood levels and drug toxicity in a chronic rat study in which long-term (30 weeks) CsA was administered" 09/01/1994 - "This technique was used to measure cyclosporin levels in tears obtained from corneal transplant patients during normal and drug toxicity episodes in the course of their treatment" 03/01/1986 - "The variability in the kinetics of cyclosporin is related to a patient's disease state, the type of organ transplant, the age of the patient and therapy with other drugs that interact with cyclosporin; maintaining a blood concentration of cyclosporin required to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ; minimising drug toxicity by maintaining trough concentrations below that which toxicity is most likely to occur; and monitoring for compliance since patient non-compliance with drug regimens is a significant reason for graft loss after 60 days" 10/01/1989 - "Although cyclosporine has improved allograft survival in renal transplant patients, problems with drug toxicity remain, raising the question whether cyclosporine should be stopped at some point post-transplant" 08/01/1999 - "Cyclosporin A (CsA) blocks this mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and prevents necrotic cell death from oxidative stress, Ca2+ ionophore toxicity, Reye-related drug toxicity, pH-dependent ischemia/reperfusion injury, and other models of cell injury" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1994 - "In an attempt to reduce the drug toxicity while retaining its therapeutic efficacy, new formulations of amphotericin B have been developed" 06/01/1999 - "Amphotericin B is an effective antileishmanial agent whose use is limited by drug toxicity" 09/01/1992 - "Thirty per cent of uninfected mice given ABLC 20 mg/kg/dose and 40% given conventional amphotericin B 2.0 mg/kg/dose died due to drug toxicity" 07/01/1979 - "In no patient, however, was administration of amphotericin B stopped because of drug toxicity." 07/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: Drug toxicities can limit the use of amphotericin in some patients with zygomycosis" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "RESULTS: 569 specific indications were rated, dealing with 9 clinical presentations: mild/moderate luminal CD (n = 104), severe CD (n = 126), steroid-dependent CD (n = 25), steroid-refractory CD (n = 37), fistulizing CD (n = 49), fibrostenotic CD (n = 35), maintenance of medical remission of CD (n = 84), maintenance of surgical remission (n = 78), drug safety in pregnancy (n = 24) and use of infliximab (n = 7)" 01/01/2004 - "REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although there is evidence that diazepam alone compared with combination of phenobarbitone and chlorpromazine is more effective in treating tetanus, the small size, methodological limitations and lack of data on drug safety from available trials preclude definite conclusions to support change in current clinical practice" 01/01/1982 - "A slowing of background activity is correlated with clinical drug toxicity due to carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone treatment in most patients." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 06/25/1998 - "Diazepam treatment was superior to placebo with regard to the outcome variables related to efficacy: reduced seizure frequency (P<0.001) and improved global assessment of treatment outcome by the care giver (frequency and severity of seizures and drug toxicity) (P<0.001)" 01/01/2004 - "REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although there is evidence that diazepam alone compared with combination of phenobarbitone and chlorpromazine is more effective in treating tetanus, the small size, methodological limitations and lack of data on drug safety from available trials preclude definite conclusions to support change in current clinical practice" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1994 - "route of administration, compliance, drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug toxicity, and drug-disease interactions, it is also helpful for practitioners to become familiar with a small number of the large group of available antibiotics" 01/01/2007 - "Microarrays will continue to be a workhorse of anti-infectives discovery programs ranging from efficacy assessments of antibiotics ('forward pharmacology') to drug safety evaluations ('toxicogenomics')." 02/01/2005 - "Increased development costs, the difficulty in identifying new drug classes, unanticipated drug toxicities, the ease by which bacteria develop resistance to new antibiotics and the failure of many agents to address antibiotic resistance specifically, however, have all led to an overall decline in the number of antibiotics that are being introduced into clinical practice" 12/01/1979 - "Our rationale has been to choose the antibiotics most active against the likely pathogens; additionally, consideration was given to drug toxicity and adverse reactions" 12/01/2008 - "Clinical trial design and selected drug safety issues for antibiotics used to treat community-acquired pneumonia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Ganciclovir (Cytovene)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1988 - "CMV retinitis of the macula may be benefited with minimal drug toxicity by intravitreal injection of ganciclovir" 09/01/1990 - "Therapy with ganciclovir for CMV infection may result in a decrease in morbidity related to the virus, but problems with drug toxicity and resistance to the agent mandate the development of additional therapeutic approaches." 12/01/1989 - "Physicians using ganciclovir in AIDS patients must watch for the signs of drug toxicity and adjust treatment accordingly" 06/01/1997 - "Therapy with ganciclovir or foscarnet may result in a decrease in the morbidity related to cytomegalovirus, but problems with drug toxicity and development of clinical and viral resistance mandate additional therapeutic approaches" 01/01/1995 - "Because the efficacies of ganciclovir and foscarnet are similar, the choice of therapy should be based on systemic considerations such as drug toxicity and patient survival" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2002 - "In patients established on azathioprine these is no clear evidence to suggest that TPMT is predictive of clinical response or drug toxicity, indicating a role for TPMT in the prediction of early events rather than long term control" 08/01/1998 - "Childhood onset patients more often received azathioprine (15% v 6%, p = 0.00004; OR:11.2; 95% CI:2.8, 44.9) but no differences were detected between the groups concerning side effects or drug toxicity" 01/01/1987 - "This review discusses the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, clinical use, toxicities, drug interactions, and possible approaches for therapeutic monitoring of azathioprine (AZA)" 02/01/2006 - "Although all patients with autoimmune hepatitis may not need treatment, particularly those with mild disease, alternative strategies are required in patients who have failed to achieve remission on standard therapy of steroids with or without azathioprine, or patients with azathioprine-induced drug toxicity" 04/01/2005 - "Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the sequential use of cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine (CTX-AZA) demonstrate similar short-term efficacy in the treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), but MMF is associated with less drug toxicity" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	AntidotesIBA 02/01/1992 - "Tolerance of treatment may be improved by selecting alternative, safer drugs, antidotes to drug toxicity, and adjusting schedule and route of drug administration" 12/01/2008 - "Doctors' knowledge of the appropriate use and route of administration of antidotes in the management of recreational drug toxicity." 12/01/1991 - "The Committee recognized that our recent advances in cancer treatment including palliative surgery, limited surgery, radiosurgery, and antidotes to drug toxicity may improve the tolerance of antineoplastic therapy by older patients and be beneficial in terms of survival and quality of life." 10/01/1997 - "The complications of chemotherapy may be ameliorated by modifying the doses of drugs according to the patient's creatinine clearance, by using antidotes to drug toxicity, and by the early diagnosis and timely management of therapeutic complications" 12/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the appropriate use of antidotes in recreational drug toxicity is not consistent, with poorer knowledge on the use of newer antidotes such as cyproheptadine in serotonin toxicity" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/03/1990 - "Eight of the 11 patients in whom complete remission was obtained had received the heavy induction chemotherapy required by the degree of malignancy, but no death due to drug toxicity was recorded" 01/01/1998 - "Current efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy have concentrated on decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug doses (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem-cell support)" 09/01/1997 - "Current efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy have concentrated on decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug doses (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell support)" 09/01/1997 - "To avoid compromising therapeutic efficacy or increasing drug toxicity, practitioners need to be aware of potential interactions and are encouraged to use a systematic approach when managing patient drug therapy." 08/01/1984 - "Short-course chemotherapy is effective, with low drug toxicity, reduced cost of drugs, and ease of direct supervision when needed, and is acceptable to patients in routine treatment." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/1996 - "The duration of the study ended for each animal when the graft stopped beating at which time the animals were euthanized and the transplanted heart and native kidneys harvested and processed for light microscopy evaluation of rejection and drug toxicity, respectively" 06/01/2008 - "Hypoxic and inflammatory insults cause substantial early posttransplant graft loss while allo/autoimmunity and immunosuppressive drug toxicity threaten long-term graft mass and function" 11/01/2006 - "Consequently metabolomics has been used, with interesting results, for the functional evaluation of many organs (kidney, liver, heart), drug toxicity and post-transplant monitoring" 08/15/2006 - "There was no graft loss from rejection or drug toxicity" 03/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: TDM of immunosuppressant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index is an increasingly useful tool for minimizing drug toxicity while maximizing prevention of graft loss and organ rejection." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 08/01/1996 - "CPR was successful in all eight patients in which cardiac arrest was the consequence of an acute cardiovascular drug toxicity, even if cancer was metastatic and treatment intent not curative, while it was effective in only 25% of those in which cardiac arrest was an ultimate complication of various problems, like septic shock or respiratory failure complicating the neoplastic disease" 05/01/1993 - "CPR was successful in all 8 patients in which cardiac arrest was the consequence of an acute cardiovascular drug toxicity, even if the cancer was metastatic and the purpose of treatment not curative, while it was effective in only 25% of those where cardiac arrest was an ultimate complication of various problems such as septic shock or respiratory failure complicating the neoplastic disease" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 09/01/2005 - "The 42 subjects who all had acute allograft dysfunction, were categorized in three groups: those with clinical, laboratory, and histological findings that did not suggest acute rejection, drug toxicity, or obstruction (group 1, n = 24); those with findings that suggested probable acute cellular rejection but did not respond to antirejection treatment (group 2, n = 10); and those whose renal histology suggested BKVN (group 3, n = 8)" 09/01/2004 - "However, a constant proportion of organs is lost every year due to chronic allograft rejection and immunosuppressive drug toxicity" 04/01/2004 - "Chimerism was detectable in inconspicuous protocol biopsy samples, cases of drug toxicity, and rejected allografts with and without chronic changes" 08/15/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are similar to those seen in human renal chronic allograft nephropathy, but in contrast, our model excludes all the nonimmune factors associated with chronic allograft nephropathy, including donor disease, injury from prolonged preservation, drug toxicity, and underlying recipient disease" 01/01/2002 - "Although contemporary immunosuppressive regimens are responsible for major improvements in allograft acceptance, there are indications that long-term survival may be compromised through drug toxicity and/or chronic immune deficiency" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 01/06/1979 - "This association between liver damage and prolonged drug therapy, coupled with the short median survival currently achieved within these chemotherapy regimens, has initiated an evaluation of bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukaemia during the first complete remission, rather than at a later stage when cumulative drug toxicity to the liver may have taken place." 01/01/1994 - "We retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography (CT) findings in 20 patients with pulmonary drug toxicity that followed high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT)" 01/01/1994 - "Pulmonary drug toxicity following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation: CT findings in 20 cases." 05/01/1993 - "Pulmonary drug toxicity in patients with primary breast cancer treated with high-dose combination chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation." 01/01/2000 - "BOOP may be secondary to lung injury resulting especially from infection or drug toxicity or may develop in the context of connective tissue diseases or after lung or bone marrow transplantation" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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