Diaper Rash

A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.

Also Known As:

Networked: 75 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Candidiasis (Moniliasis)
2.	Impetigo (Impetigo Contagiosa)
3.	Dermatitis
4.	Exanthema (Rash)
5.	Diarrhea

Experts

1.	Bischoff, Andrea: 2 articles (02/2019 - 10/2011)
2.	Peña, Alberto: 2 articles (02/2019 - 10/2011)
3.	Attia, Dalia A: 1 article (12/2022)
4.	Elmowafy, Enas: 1 article (12/2022)
5.	Lamie, Caroline: 1 article (12/2022)
6.	Mortada, Nahed D: 1 article (12/2022)
7.	Ragaie, Maha H: 1 article (12/2022)
8.	Ambar, Neta: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Tovar, Tricia: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Arif Kurt, Ahmet: 1 article (03/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Diaper Rash:

1.	Zinc OxideFDA Link 03/01/2021 - "In this article, eight different zinc oxide-based formulations for preventing diaper rash were developed, and their physicochemical properties were examined to optimize cream formulations. " 10/01/2005 - "Before coming to the doctor, the mother had applied a zinc oxide lotion to treat a simple diaper rash in the groin. " 01/01/2022 - "Suspected hemolytic anemia secondary to acute zinc toxicity after ingestion of "max strength" (zinc oxide) diaper rash cream." 03/01/2021 - "The background of this article is to develop formulations consisting of natural raw materials that are effective in diaper rash by taking advantage of the medicinal properties of zinc oxide, natural oils, and beeswax. " 07/01/2013 - "In this phase III open labeled, multicenter, non-controlled, non-randomized trial, irritant dermatitis in children and adults either due to diaper rash, pityriasis alba and irritant dermatitis (eczema), perioral dermatitis, perleche or intertrigo were administered; repairing cream RV 2427 B containing a) 4 % zinc oxide, b) 2.5 % dry colloidal oat extract, (c) 0.5 % oat oil, (d) 0.2% copper sulfate, and (e) 0.1 % zinc sulfate to be applied twice-daily in the affected area. "
2.	tioconazoleFDA Link 01/01/1987 - "Eleven open multicentre studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tioconazole cream 1% as a treatment for diaper rash with or without fungal (Candida) involvement, or impetigo in neonates and infants. " 01/01/1987 - "The results of these studies show that tioconazole cream 1% is safe and effective for the treatment of neonates and infants with dermal candidiasis, diaper rash and impetigo." 01/01/1987 - "At the long-term follow-up evaluation approximately 6 weeks after treatment for patients with diaper rash, the overall cure rate was about the same in both tioconazole- and comparative imidazole-treated patients (87% and 90%, respectively), and 14% in patients using vehicle cream. " 01/01/1987 - "In the dermal candidiasis/diaper rash group, 320 patients had either tioconazole (n = 220), a comparative imidazole (n = 43), or vehicle cream (n = 57) applied to the affected area twice daily. " 01/01/1987 - "Comparative and non-comparative studies of the efficacy and tolerance of tioconazole cream 1% versus another imidazole and/or placebo in neonates and infants with candidal diaper rash and/or impetigo."
3.	ZincIBA 09/01/1989 - "The zinc supplemented group had a significant reduction in the incidence of diaper rash, and they gained slightly more in height and weight, although the growth differences were not significant." 09/01/1989 - "Effect of oral zinc supplements on diaper rash in normal infants." 01/01/1985 - "Diaper rash was significantly associated with reduced hair zinc, and infants with the least hair had lower zinc levels than infants with the most hair. " 01/01/1985 - "Hair zinc, scalp hair quantity, and diaper rash in normal infants." 01/01/2022 - "To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with hemolytic anemia secondary to zinc toxicosis after 1-week use of "max strength" 40% diaper rash cream. "
4.	Petrolatum (Vaseline)FDA Link 04/01/2013 - "To assess the efficacy of petrolatum jelly for the prevention of diaper rash and to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of diaper rash and certain treatments and type of nutrition. " 04/01/2013 - "Efficacy of petrolatum jelly for the prevention of diaper rash: a randomized clinical trial." 04/01/2013 - "There was a lower incidence of diaper rash in the experimental group with petrolatum jelly (17.1%) than the control group (22.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p =.39). "
5.	OilsIBA 03/01/2021 - "The background of this article is to develop formulations consisting of natural raw materials that are effective in diaper rash by taking advantage of the medicinal properties of zinc oxide, natural oils, and beeswax. "
6.	beeswaxIBA 03/01/2021 - "The background of this article is to develop formulations consisting of natural raw materials that are effective in diaper rash by taking advantage of the medicinal properties of zinc oxide, natural oils, and beeswax. "
7.	Clavulanic Acid (Potassium Clavulanate)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1991 - "Diaper rash was more common with amoxicillin-clavulanate (22 patients) than with loracarbef (10 patients; P = 0.016). " 09/01/1992 - "Drug-related dermatologic side effects (e.g., diaper rash, pruritus, urticaria) were reported in 7.8% of cefpodoxime-treated patients and 14.5% of those who received amoxicillin-clavulanate (p = 0.160; 95% CI: -16.6%, 3.3%). " 12/01/2019 - "We included published randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies that evaluated the incidence of diarrhea, generalized rash, diaper rash, and candidal diaper dermatitis associated with the use of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, azithromycin, cefdinir, and placebo in children with acute otitis media. "
8.	Amoxicillin (Wymox)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1991 - "Diaper rash was more common with amoxicillin-clavulanate (22 patients) than with loracarbef (10 patients; P = 0.016). " 09/01/1992 - "Drug-related dermatologic side effects (e.g., diaper rash, pruritus, urticaria) were reported in 7.8% of cefpodoxime-treated patients and 14.5% of those who received amoxicillin-clavulanate (p = 0.160; 95% CI: -16.6%, 3.3%). " 12/01/2019 - "We included published randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies that evaluated the incidence of diarrhea, generalized rash, diaper rash, and candidal diaper dermatitis associated with the use of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, azithromycin, cefdinir, and placebo in children with acute otitis media. "
9.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/2016 - "Effect of Topical Application of the Cream Containing Magnesium 2% on Treatment of Diaper Dermatitis and Diaper Rash in Children A Clinical Trial Study." 01/01/2003 - "Examples include silica gel, A&D ointment, chalk, lipstick, and non-camphor lip balms, watercolors, hand dishwashing detergents, non-salicylate antacids (excluding magnesium or sodium bicarbonate containing products), calamine lotion, clay, crayons, diaper rash creams and ointments, fabric softeners/sheets, glow products, glue (white, arts, and crafts type), household plant food, oral contraceptives, pen ink, pencils, starch/sizing, throat lozenges without local anesthetics, topical antibiotics, topical antifungals, topical steroids, topical steroids with antibiotics, and water-based paints. "
10.	AmmoniaIBA 12/01/1977 - "These findings do not support the notion that ammonia is a primary factor in common diaper rash, but do not exclude a possible role for further irritation in an already existent condition." 03/01/1957 - "Dermatitis: a study in biological and chemical control of ammonia diaper rash."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bathroom Equipment 02/01/2019 - "Sacral abnormalities should be suspected in patients who present with early severe diaper rash and those who fail to toilet train. " 11/01/2020 - "The perianal excoriation/diaper rash is not reported in the literature at a high enough frequency to warrant keeping a diverting ileostomy until toilet trained of urine. " 05/01/2003 - "There was a significant increase in severe diaper rash (p < 0.05) and onset of blisters and skin breakdown (p < 0.05) in children wearing diapers versus those who were fully toilet trained. "
2.	Skin Care 06/01/2013 - "In this article, we discuss the special attention that is required in the initial skin care of newborns, and we address what measures, beyond the basic skin care principles, are required for patients with conditions such as atopic dermatitis, acne, contact and allergic dermatitis, and diaper rash." 01/01/1999 - "Information was obtained from staff physicians and nurses about routine neonatal skin care practices, including bathing, cord care, emollient use, diapering, use of antimicrobial skin preparations, management of intravenous infiltration, approach to diaper rash, and methods used to minimize transcutaneous water loss. "
3.	Therapeutics 12/01/2022 - "The obtained results for diaper rash revealed that aspasomal cream (0.5% ITZ) was eminent with respect to complete cure and negative candida culture after 10-day therapy relative to counterparts containing 0.1% ITZ aspasomes or non-formulated ITZ (0.1% and 0.5%). " 01/01/1999 - "Diaper rash therapy can be letter-perfect." 01/01/1999 - "Diaper rash therapy can be as simple as A, B, C, D, and E if you are able to identify generic diaper rash and exclude other causes. "
4.	Ileostomy 11/01/2020 - "Analysis showed no correlation between development of diaper rash and the age of the patient at the time of the definitive surgery or ileostomy closure. " 11/01/2020 - "The perianal excoriation/diaper rash is not reported in the literature at a high enough frequency to warrant keeping a diverting ileostomy until toilet trained of urine. " 10/01/2011 - "We identified several preventable complications: ileostomy prolapse or stricture (21), severe diaper rash (10), obstructive symptoms following a pouch or patch-type of pullthrough (9), infection, abscess, and fistula after the pullthrough (5); wrong histologic diagnosis leading to colostomy opening in aganglionic bowel (4) with consequent pullthrough of aganglionic intestine in two of them; anastomotic stricture/acquired atresia (3); and destroyed anal canal and permanent fecal incontinence (2). "
5.	Hydrocolloid Bandages (Duoderm) 12/01/2016 - "Hydrocolloid dressings combined with individualized nursing may prevent and treat infant diaper rash effectively, decrease the incidence of adverse reactions significantly, shorten time to resolution of diaper rash and hospitalization duration, reduce mean hospitalization cost, improve parent satisfaction and promote nursing-patient harmony. "