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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)

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A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Also Known As:

MODY; Diabetes Mellitus, Type II; NIDDM; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Non Insulin Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin Dependent; Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Adult Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis Resistant; Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Slow Onset; Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus; Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Stable Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Resistant; Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Diabetes Mellitus, Slow-Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Stable; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus

Networked: 12683 relevant articles (694 outcomes, 2353 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)
2.	Insulin Resistance
3.	Obesity
4.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction)
5.	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Autoimmune Diabetes)

Experts

1.	Derosa, Giuseppe: 19 articles (06/2010 - 02/2003)
2.	Heine, R J: 19 articles (05/2010 - 03/2000)
3.	Shahinfar, Shahnaz: 18 articles (04/2008 - 12/2002)
4.	Kawamori, Ryuzo: 17 articles (06/2010 - 12/2002)
5.	Pedersen, O: 17 articles (11/2007 - 03/2000)
6.	Sowers, James R: 16 articles (09/2008 - 07/2002)
7.	Brenner, Barry M: 16 articles (04/2008 - 12/2002)
8.	DeFronzo, Ralph A: 15 articles (04/2010 - 06/2002)
9.	Forst, Thomas: 15 articles (01/2010 - 01/2004)
10.	Laakso, Markku: 15 articles (05/2009 - 06/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 06/01/1990 - "Most non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients are also unlikely to have meaningful improvement in glycemic regulation on insulin-sulfonylurea therapy. " 03/01/1998 - "To date, insulin is the only hypoglycaemic agent which has been proven both effective and safe in NIDDM patients with cardiovascular complications. " 06/01/2008 - "WS treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index (K(ITT)) that was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. " 12/01/1995 - "Insulin (500 mU/ml) added acutely during the fluorescence reading caused a rapid 31 +/- 3.9 percent rise in intracellular Mg(2+) in the normal subjects, which was significantly greater than the 18 +/- 1.6 percent rise observed in the NIDDM subjects (P < 0.01). " 11/01/1988 - "Control of diabetes with short term therapy (2-6 weeks) resulted in a significant improvement in the mean specific insulin binding in both FCPD and NIDDM patients (P less than 0.001) due to increased binding affinity in the former, and increased affinity and the number of binding sites in the latter. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2004 - "Although there is widespread use of herbal dietary supplements that are believed to benefit type 2 diabetes mellitus, few have been proven to do so in properly designed randomized trials; their efficacy for intermediate-term glucose control remains unclear. " 11/01/1997 - "While the evidence is substantial that aerobic exercise training can reduce the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM, the evidence that exercise training is beneficial in the treatment of NIDDM is not particularly strong. " 06/01/1996 - "Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) male subjects showed significantly greater thickness of the intimal plus medial complex (IMT) than age-matched healthy males and showed no significant differences compared to age-matched NIDDM patients. " 02/21/1987 - "In contrast, the patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed a significant improvement in their glucose tolerance, which paralleled the severity of their diabetes. " 01/01/1987 - "These sources were found to be potentially beneficial in the reduction of plasma glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus subjects. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2008 - "Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 08/01/2007 - "Both slow-release (SR) and regular-release (RR) metformin were effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 12/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: Metformin hydrochloride is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). " 01/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Metformin is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 06/01/2003 - "BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the long-term efficacy of metformin, one of the main drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 01/01/2000 - "A multicentric study by the Indian Council of Medical Research showed that a preparation from Pterocarpus marsupium was effective in reducing levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. " 05/20/2006 - "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of self-measurement of capillary blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not fully established. " 04/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: The randomized clinical trials performed to date provided positive results on the effectiveness of interventions with self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 12/12/1998 - "This multi-center, prospective, randomized, intervention trial of 5102 newly-diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was aimed at determining whether improved blood glucose control can prevent complications and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. " 09/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in NIDDM patients from studies published during the years 1976-1996. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Acarbose FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2005 - "The STOP-NIDDM trial confirmed the efficacy of acarbose in decreasing the risk of diabetes by 36% in similar high risk population. " 01/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: The STOP-NIDDM Trial demonstrated that, in subjects with IGT, acarbose treatment was effective in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. " 02/16/1997 - "Acarbose was shown to be effective in treating NIDDM and to be safe and well-tolerated." 03/01/1989 - "These findings demonstrate that acarbose is effective in moderating the metabolic effects of NIDDM in this diabetic rodent model, and suggest that acarbose may have potential in the management of NIDDM in humans." 02/01/1996 - "These results indicate that treatment with acarbose is safe and effective in adjunct to dietary therapy for the treatment of NIDDM." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Glyburide (Glibenclamide)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: Compared with glyburide, Mix75/25 significantly improved glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, could be administered after meals without compromising glycemic control, and was well tolerated." 03/01/1998 - "In this study nine patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were subjected to four treatments in random order on separate days: (A) endurance exercise after the administration of 3.5 mg glibenclamide; (B) as A but given only 1.75 mg glibenclamide; (C) as A but with placebo; (D) rest and administration of 1.75 mg glibenclamide. " 10/01/1994 - "In a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial, 32 patients with NIDDM with suboptimal control on chronic glyburide treatment fulfilling entry criteria were randomized to receive one of two regimens: (1) glyburide at bedtime and placebo in morning or (2) placebo at bedtime and glyburide in the morning. " 01/01/1993 - "The results obtained in this study indicated that glyburide possesses an improving effect on the decreased beta-adrenergic responses of rat atria with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." 08/01/1992 - "In the baseline study, the AcAc/3-BOH ratio was 0.72 +/- 0.06 in control subjects, whereas in NIDDM patients, the ratio was 1.61 +/- 0.13 at baseline (P less than 0.001 vs. control subjects), 1.66 +/- 0.15 during placebo, 1.57 +/- 0.09 during glibenclamide (NS vs. baseline), and 1.51 +/- 0.23 during glibenclamide plus placebo FFAs. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	rosiglitazone (Avandia)FDA Link 01/01/2005 - "Predictive clinical parameters for therapeutic efficacy of rosiglitazone in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus." 04/01/2010 - "Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 10/01/2007 - "The objective of this study was to determine if rosiglitazone (RSG) reduced the odds of restenosis and if RSG improved the odds of clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. " 09/01/2003 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone maleate in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 09/01/2003 - "[The safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone maleate in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	pioglitazone (Actos)FDA Link 09/01/2000 - "These data suggest pioglitazone to be effective in reducing UAE and urinary ET-1 concentrations in NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria." 10/01/2007 - "BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to explore appropriate indicators for the efficacy of pioglitazone (Pio) before and during treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 03/01/2006 - "Pioglitazone, another TZD, marginally decreased the incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (PROactive trial). " 01/01/2010 - "A recent clinical trial, Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events, demonstrated that pioglitazone improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 06/01/2009 - "Thus, pioglitazone improved abnormal arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus via a mechanism beyond the metabolic improvement. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	troglitazone (Rezulin)FDA Link 09/01/2001 - "Troglitazone is effective in approximately 50% in patients with type 2 diabetes (NIDDM). " 08/01/1998 - "In order to assess the relationship between clinical efficacy of troglitazone on glycemic control and baseline characteristics of patients with NIDDM, we analyzed the data of ten clinical studies on troglitazone carried out in Japan. " 02/01/1996 - "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of troglitazone, a newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent, in patients with NIDDM. " 05/01/2003 - "A study to survey susceptible genetic factors responsible for troglitazone-associated hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 02/01/2001 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize frequency of liver enzyme elevation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving troglitazone. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	alpha-Glucosidases (Acid Maltase)IBA 10/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between gastric emptying and the efficacy of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in NIDDM patients. " 12/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate a long-term effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment with ordinary meals in late dumping patients with NIDDM because administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is only ethically allowed for diabetic patients in Japan. " 01/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors s in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 01/01/2005 - "Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus." 01/01/2003 - "Is there a role for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus?" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 06/01/2009 - "For over 2 decades, bariatric surgeons have recognized that gastric bypass surgery causes a remarkable, durable improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. " 01/01/2009 - "Although the long-term efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is not known, these findings suggest that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an effective option for the treatment of extremely obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 11/01/2005 - "Is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese patients?" 05/01/2010 - "BACKGROUND: Data on the durability of remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after gastric bypass are limited. " 11/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish a payer-perspective cost-effectiveness and budget impact model of adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and gastric bypass (GBP) vs. conventional treatment (CT) in patients with a body mass index (BMI) > or = 35 kg x m(-2) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Austria, Italy, and Spain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/14/2009 - "Clinical studies with methodological rigor have shown that the strategies for lifestyle modification and drug therapies can prevent or at least delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals at high risk. " 11/01/2006 - "PURPOSE: The objectives of the present study were (1) to discern trends in the prescribing of oral pharmacotherapy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States during the years 1990 through 2001 and (2) to examine the mediating role of primary health insurance coverage on patients' access to pharmaceutical innovation for the management of type 2 DM. " 06/01/2005 - "STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the characteristics of children with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the efficacy and safety of drug therapies for this disease in this population. " 06/01/1999 - "To obtain such insight, we used 10 years of electronic medical-record data from Kaiser Permanente Northwest Division, a large, group-model health maintenance organization in the United States, to study drug transitions, lapses in drug therapy, and mortality among 693 persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in 1988. " 01/01/1998 - "The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) implications for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Diet Therapy (Therapy, Diet) 01/01/2007 - "The aim of the study to assess the efficacy diet therapy recommended for patients who were recently found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as the influence of the diet on metabolic control of the subjects. " 10/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diet-therapy on lipid peroxidation in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). " 08/01/1991 - "A study was undertaken to find out how the hedonic responses to, and reported liking and consumption of, sweet and fat foods change during the first months of diet therapy of recently diagnosed patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. " 07/01/2002 - "Diet therapy is an essential instrument in the prevention and treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its complications. " 02/01/1998 - "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An open prospective study was conducted in 27 NIDDM patients receiving diet therapy alone or treatment with a sulfonylurea drug. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Reducing Diet 05/01/1997 - "In this study the efficacy of Modifast, a commercial very low calorie diet (VLCD), was evaluated in a population of obese poorly controlled NIDDM patients. " 06/01/2002 - "A portion of the improved glycemic control achieved with very low calorie diets in NIDDM is reflective of improved GSIS, presumably consequent to a sustained reduction in diurnal glycemia. " 09/01/1991 - "Thus, in obese NIDDM patients a trial of a low-fat weight-reduction diet may be worthwhile. " 06/03/2000 - "[Very-low-calorie diet in treatment of morbidly obese patient with diabetes mellitus type 2]" 01/01/1998 - "Obese (BMI >30) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls were offered intensive conventional diabetic advice or a very low calorie diet. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Bariatric Surgery 07/01/2008 - "Bariatric surgery and type 2 diabetes mellitus: surgically induced remission." 05/01/2010 - "Bariatric surgery vs. advanced practice medical management in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: rationale and design of the Surgical Therapy And Medications Potentially Eradicate Diabetes Efficiently trial (STAMPEDE)." 11/01/2009 - "METHODS: The study was undertaken in 54 morbidly obese persons, 16 of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus, before and 7 months after undergoing bariatric surgery, and in 12 healthy, nonobese persons. " 10/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to assess the impact and predictors of bariatric surgery on the resolution of MS. METHODS: Subjects included 286 patients [age 44.0 +/- 11.5, female 78.2%, BMI 48.7 +/- 9.4, waist circumference 139 +/- 20 cm, AST 23.5 +/- 14.9, ALT 30.0 +/- 20.1, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) 30.1% and MS 39.2%] who underwent bariatric surgery. " 08/01/2010 - "Bariatric surgery is now widely reported to ameliorate or resolve type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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