Major Depressive Disorder (Major Depressive Disorders)

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2182 relevant articles (257 outcomes, 652 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.

Also Known As:

Major Depressive Disorders; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorders, Major; Disorder, Major Depressive; Disorders, Major Depressive; Involutional Depression; Involutional Melancholia; Involutional Paraphrenia; Involutional Psychoses; Involutional Psychosis; Paraphrenias, Involutional; Psychoses, Involutional; Depression, Involutional; Melancholia, Involutional; Paraphrenia, Involutional; Psychosis, Involutional

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 1707

Mood Disorders: 4138

Depressive Disorder: 2926

Major Depressive Disorder: 2182

Related Diseases

1.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
2.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
5.	Fibromyalgia (Fibrositis)
148 Diseases and 527 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Experts

1.	Fava, Maurizio: 48 articles (09/2008 - 04/2002)
2.	Papakostas, George I: 37 articles (08/2008 - 07/2002)
3.	Alpert, Jonathan E: 20 articles (01/2008 - 10/2002)
4.	Nierenberg, Andrew A: 19 articles (06/2008 - 10/2002)
5.	Mallinckrodt, Craig H: 19 articles (12/2007 - 10/2003)
6.	Wohlreich, Madelaine M: 17 articles (06/2008 - 12/2004)
7.	Watkin, John G: 15 articles (01/2007 - 12/2004)
8.	Detke, Michael J: 12 articles (06/2008 - 01/2002)
9.	Petersen, Timothy: 11 articles (01/2007 - 03/2003)
10.	Mischoulon, David: 11 articles (08/2006 - 12/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Major Depressive Disorder:

1.	Citalopram (Escitalopram)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "Our aim in this study was to investigate the efficacy of escitalopram, a proven antidepressant, on symptoms of anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)" 01/01/2003 - "Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/day produced significantly greater improvements in standard measurements of antidepressant effect (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], Clinical Global Impressions Improvement and Severity scales [CGI-I and CGI-S] and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D]) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) than placebo in several 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, multicentre studies" 03/01/2004 - "Escitalopram is more effective than citalopram for the treatment of severe major depressive disorder]" 03/01/2006 - "From the efficacy and safety data of this study, it can be concluded that the switch from citalopram iv to oral escitalopram (10 and 20 mg/day) is effective in decreasing depressive symptoms, and could be safely proposed in patients with major depressive disorder." 03/01/2007 - "This prospective economic analysis demonstrated that escitalopram is a cost-effective first-line treatment option for major depressive disorder." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	venlafaxine (Effexor)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that maintenance treatment for 2 years with venlafaxine is cost-effective in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder." 07/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine IR/venlafaxine XR may be effective in outpatients with major depressive disorder who do not respond or have an unsustained response to SSRIs" 06/21/2000 - "Venlafaxine extended-release (XR) capsules have been shown to be effective in short-term treatment of patients with GAD without major depressive disorder (MDD), but long-term data are needed to establish whether this agent confers persistent benefits" 06/01/1996 - "The results from this analysis indicate that long-term treatment with venlafaxine in patients with major depressive disorder is effective in maintaining the initial response compared with placebo and suggest that venlafaxine will be effective in the prevention of relapse." 05/01/2004 - "Many studies have demonstrated that venlafaxine is an efficacious and safe treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/2007 - "CONTEXT: Over the past few years, a number of studies have emerged suggesting that the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with antidepressants which enhance both noradrenergic as well as serotonergic neurotransmission may result in higher response or remission rates than treatment with antidepressants which selectively enhance serotonergic neurotransmission" 10/15/2003 - "BACKGROUND: Maintenance treatment to prevent recurrences is recommended for chronic forms of major depressive disorder (MDD), but few studies have examined maintenance efficacy of antidepressants with chronic MDD" 07/01/2008 - "Serotonergic antidepressants, used both continuously and with increased dosage in the late luteal phase, are believed to be effective for major depressive disorder with premenstrual exacerbation" 05/01/2003 - "Review: antidepressants and psychotherapy may be equally effective for promoting remission in major depressive disorder." 01/01/2005 - "While antidepressants have been demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment for unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, the use of antidepressants to treat children and adolescents is controversial" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	duloxetine (Cymbalta)FDA Link 11/01/2007 - "Duloxetine demonstrated superior efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder, when compared with placebo, regardless of the baseline severity of depressive symptoms, although effect sizes were largest in the most severely depressed patients." 08/01/2007 - "AIMS: This was a post hoc analysis to determine whether baseline severity of depression influenced the efficacy of duloxetine in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and to better characterise the symptom response profile for duloxetine in patients with mild, moderate or more severe depression" 09/01/2006 - "Duloxetine was effective in the treatment of first and subsequent episodes of major depressive disorder, and regardless of duration of the current depressive episode." 07/01/2005 - "Duloxetine (60 mg/day) was demonstrated to be an effective treatment for major depressive disorder in this cohort of women ages 40-55 years." 04/01/2007 - "An independent meta-analysis using summary data for clinical response, remission, and discontinuation for any reason from the 6 pivotal phase III randomized clinical trials of duloxetine in major depressive disorder." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2005 - "Fluoxetine plus cognitive behavioural therapy was most effective for adolescents with major depressive disorder." 10/01/1986 - "A 6-week double-blind trial of fluoxetine treatment of unipolar major depressive disorder in 49 patients was evaluated in terms of improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) scores" 04/01/2001 - "The results of that double-blind, placebo-controlled study suggest that fluoxetine was effective in decreasing but not eliminating both the depressive symptoms (including suicidal ideations) and the level of alcohol consumption among a study group of subjects with comorbid major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence, many of whom displayed suicidal ideations" 08/01/1997 - "CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine is effective in reducing the depressive symptoms and the alcohol consumption of patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence" 07/01/2004 - "The efficacy of fluoxetine is now well established in the treatment of major depressive disorder" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
6.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 09/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: Monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is the most common initial treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but this monotherapy leads to remission in fewer than a third of patients" 05/01/2008 - "Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health's Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression trial indicate that approximately 50% of patients with major depressive disorder do not experience a treatment response after adequate first-line treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)" 08/01/2008 - "CONTEXT: Little is known about selecting among second-step medications for major depressive disorder after intolerance or lack of remission with an initial selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor" 05/01/2003 - "OBJECTIVES: A rapidly growing empirical literature on the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth supports the efficacy of short-term treatment with depression-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy or medication management with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor" 06/01/2008 - "Nicotinic antagonist augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory major depressive disorder: a preliminary study." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
7.	Sertraline (Zoloft)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2002 - "Results from several well designed trials show that sertraline (50-200 mg/day) is effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder in elderly patients (> or =60 years of age)" 01/01/2002 - "Results from several well designed trials show that sertraline (50 to 200 mg/day) is effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder in elderly patients (> or =60 years of age)" 03/01/2005 - "Sertraline is the only treatment for major depressive disorder studied in a placebo-controlled trial of patients with ACS and found to be safe and effective" 02/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of sertraline 50-200 mg once-daily in children (6-11 year olds) and adolescents (12-18 year olds) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)" 05/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether sertraline prevents the recurrence of major depressive disorder among patients with recurrent depression who had been treated to remission with medications other than sertraline" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
8.	Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)IBA 12/01/2005 - "Although serotonin reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line agents for major depressive disorder, delayed onset of action is problematic, and faster effective treatment is needed" 08/30/2002 - "Recently, it was reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were more effective in patients with major depressive disorder having the homozygous allele pair (12-copy/12-copy) of VNTR in the STin2 than in ones having other allele combinations" 01/01/2008 - "SUMMARY: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are a modestly effective and generally safe treatment for postpubertal major depressive disorder, but their use requires collaborative decision making and a predetermined, shared monitoring plan." 01/01/2006 - "BACKGROUND: Given the widespread reports involving the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in children, the present paper reviews and discusses published double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing the safety and efficacy of SSRIs in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder" 01/01/2008 - "Objectives: Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have become the standard of care for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), limited data exist to support their use in MDD with atypical features" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
9.	Bupropion (Wellbutrin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2007 - "In addition, neither CBTD nor bupropion, either alone or in combination, was differentially effective for smokers with single-past-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), recurrent MDD, or elevated depressive symptoms" 01/01/2007 - "Safety and efficacy of bupropion extended release in treating a community sample of Hispanic and african american adults with major depressive disorder: an open-label study." 08/01/2004 - "BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy of bupropion for relapse prevention in smokers with and without a past history of major depressive disorder" 12/01/2007 - "Comparing the rapidity of response during treatment of major depressive disorder with bupropion and the SSRIs: a pooled survival analysis of 7 double-blind, randomized clinical trials." 03/01/2007 - "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ninety-three patients with type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) received bupropion hydrochloride in a two-phase, open-label treatment trial" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
10.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1999 - "Plasma norepinephrine and prediction of outcome in major depressive disorder." 02/01/1983 - "Extreme elevations in plasma norepinephrine associated with decreased alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in major depressive disorder: two case reports." 07/01/1998 - "Plasma norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol concentrations and severity of depression in combat posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder." 01/01/1998 - "Plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels were compared between two groups of patients with major depressive disorder (melancholic/psychotic and non-melancholic), patients with general anxiety disorders and healthy controls" 05/01/2008 - "Agents that affect reuptake of both 5-HT and NE (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) have been postulated to offer greater efficacy for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
530 Drugs and Important Bio-Agents and 2080 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1998 - "Further research is needed on the etiology of depression; the efficacy of different types of psychotherapy; the differential effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and integrated therapies; the continuation and maintenance treatment phases; treatment for dysthymia, treatment-resistant depression, and other subtypes of major depressive disorder; and preventive strategies for high-risk children and adolescents." 06/01/2008 - "A randomized clinical trial was undertaken to investigate the relative efficacy of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive therapy (CT), and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of 170 outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder" 01/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND: There are few studies comparing the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) and pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder" 08/01/2004 - "Although the efficacy of maintenance pharmacotherapy for the prevention of recurrence in major depressive disorder (MDD) is well documented, few studies have tested the efficacy of psychotherapy as a maintenance treatment" 08/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the percentages of full remission in studies of patients with major depressive disorder in which pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and control conditions were directly compared" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Exercise (Aerobic Exercise) 04/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise can produce substantial improvement in mood in patients with major depressive disorders in a short time." 12/01/2005 - "PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine if a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise would improve mood and well-being in 40 (15 male, 25 female) individuals who were receiving treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD)" 07/01/2008 - "We assessed the effects of aerobic exercise on neurocognitive function in a randomized controlled trial of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)" 09/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the status of 156 adult volunteers with major depressive disorder (MDD) 6 months after completion of a study in which they were randomly assigned to a 4-month course of aerobic exercise, sertraline therapy, or a combination of exercise and sertraline" 11/01/2002 - "One hundred fifty-six men and women over age 50 diagnosed with major depressive disorder were assigned to a 16-week program of aerobic exercise, medication (sertraline), or a combination of exercise and medication" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 04/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: Bright light therapy can be effective in the treatment of non-seasonal major depressive disorder." 02/01/2001 - "The results of light therapy in nonseasonal major depressive disorder have been non-conclusive" 11/01/1999 - "SAD is a clinical expression of seasonality in which patients develop a major depressive disorder in the winter that remits in the summer and can be treated with light therapy" 01/01/1991 - "Diurnal variations of mood and sleep disturbances during phototherapy in major depressive disorder." 07/01/1989 - "Phototherapy for seasonal major depressive disorder: effectiveness of bright light of high or low intensity." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	Electrodes (Electrode) 12/01/2007 - "METHODS: Electroencephalogram from 12 electrodes at six homologous sites over each hemisphere (digitally linked-ears reference) was compared in right-handed grandchildren in three groups: 1) both parent and grandparent having major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 19); 2) either parent or grandparent having MDD (n = 14); and 3) neither having MDD (n = 16)" 09/01/1996 - "METHODS: Sixty-two inpatients with major depressive disorder were randomized to ECT conditions that differed in stimulus intensity (low vs high dosage) and electrode placement (right unilateral vs bilateral)" 07/01/1995 - "METHOD: Seventy-one inpatients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to four ECT conditions that varied in electrode placement (right unilateral versus bilateral) and stimulus dosage (low versus high intensity)" 11/01/1994 - "The preliminary sample comprises nine patients suffering of major depressive disorder; they are randomly assigned to the mode of application of the electrodes, bilateral or unilateral to the non dominant hemisphere" 05/01/1990 - "Forty patients suffering from a major depressive disorder, for whom electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was clinically indicated, were assigned to one of three electrode placement groups: bitemporal (BT), right unilateral (RU) or bifrontal (BF)" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Retreatment 07/15/2005 - "At univariate regression analysis, major depressive disorder significantly decreased time to retreatment (P = 0.001)" 07/15/2005 - "CONCLUSION: Major depressive disorder is a risk factor for failure to achieve remission with infliximab and for earlier retreatment in patients with active luminal Crohn's disease" 10/01/2007 - "RESULTS: During the pegylated interferon/ribavirin retreatment, 5(16.6%) patients developed psychiatric side effects: 3(10%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 1(3.3%) had a brief psychotic disorder and 1(3.3%) presented with panic attacks" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
35 Therapies and Procedures and 149 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

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