Dental Caries (White Spot)

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3730 relevant articles (166 outcomes, 446 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. The three most prominent theories used to explain the etiology of the disease are that acids produced by bacteria lead to decalcification; that micro-organisms destroy the enamel protein; or that keratolytic micro-organisms produce chelates that lead to decalcification.

Also Known As:

White Spot; White Spots; Decay, Dental; Dental Decay; Dental White Spot; White Spot, Dental; White Spots, Dental; Spot, White; Spots, White; Caries, Dental; Dental White Spots

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Stomatognathic Diseases: 273

Tooth Diseases: 13

Tooth Demineralization: 12

Dental Caries: 3730

Root Caries: 200

Dental Fissures: 8

Related Diseases

1.	Dental Plaque
2.	Periodontal Diseases (Periodontal Disease)
3.	Gingivitis
4.	Dental Fluorosis
5.	Xerostomia

Experts

1.	Logan, S: 7 articles (01/2004 - 01/2002)
2.	Sheiham, A: 7 articles (01/2004 - 01/2002)
3.	Main, Patricia A: 4 articles (07/2008 - 02/2008)
4.	Azarpazhooh, Amir: 4 articles (07/2008 - 02/2008)
5.	Bian, Zhuan: 4 articles (09/2005 - 11/2002)
6.	Marinho, V C C: 4 articles (01/2004 - 01/2003)
7.	Higgins, J P T: 4 articles (01/2004 - 01/2003)
8.	Smith, D J: 4 articles (01/2002 - 05/2000)
9.	Food and Drug Administration, HHS: 3 articles (05/2008 - 07/2003)
10.	Twetman, Svante: 3 articles (01/2007 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dental Caries:

1.	FluoridesIBA 10/01/1999 - "The widespread use of fluoride has dramatically reduced the prevalence of dental caries and the rate of the progression of carious lesions. " 01/01/1990 - "A variety of patient-applied fluoride agents are extremely effective in preventing severe radiation-associated dental decay, which is likely to occur after salivary gland dysfunction. " 06/01/1983 - "The best individual and community protection against dental decay today is offered by the proper use of fluorides. " 01/01/1979 - "This report provides strong evidence that a much greater protection against human dental caries can result from a higher concentration of fluoride than is customarily recommended as best for prevention of caries. " 04/01/2000 - "In conjunction with similar studies, the data from this study will help in developing upper limits for urinary fluoride excretion that are appropriate for avoiding unsightly fluorosis while providing optimal protection against dental decay." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	AntigensIBA 05/15/2002 - "Significant protective effects against dental caries have been shown in experimental animals, such as mice, rats and monkeys, which have been subcutaneously, orally, or intranasally immunized with these antigens. " 05/01/1995 - "sobrinus induces the production of antigen-specific mucosal antibody and confers protection against dental caries." 06/01/1986 - "Local active gingival immunization by a 3,800-molecular-weight streptococcal antigen in protection against dental caries." 12/01/1980 - "The possible regulatory role of streptococcal antigen-specific suppressor factor in protection against dental caries is discussed." 07/01/2006 - "Moreover, clinical trials have indicated that a mucosal immune response to a crucial antigen(s) of mutans streptococci can influence the pathogenesis of dental caries. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	XylitolIBA 01/01/1973 - "Efficacy of xylitol in reducing dental caries in rats." 03/01/2006 - "Furthermore, studies indicate that xylitol can decrease mutans streptococci levels in plaque and saliva and can reduce dental caries in young children, mothers, and in children via their mothers. " 03/01/2003 - "Data from recent studies indicate that xylitol can reduce the occurrence of dental caries in young children, schoolchildren, and mothers, and in children via their mothers. " 03/01/2003 - "An overview of studies about xylitol and dental caries suggests potential clinical dental applications for xylitol. " 12/01/2000 - "Sealants and xylitol have been demonstrated to prevent dental decay, but their effect has never been compared in the same study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	ToothpasteIBA 12/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: This oral health education program was effective in establishing good oral health habits among preschool children and in increasing oral health knowledge of their parents, in conjunction with supervised daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, which could reduce the development of new dental caries in preschool children in China." 10/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Parental access to information in the UK and to fluoridated toothpaste in Japan could have helped to prevent dental caries in these expatriate British children." 02/01/2006 - "This study proves that supervised daily tooth brushing using fluoridated toothpaste is successful in controlling dental caries in children." 07/01/1984 - "[Pharmacological study of medicated toothpastes for the prevention of dental caries]" 03/01/1967 - "Chemical, polarized light, and microradiographic study of the effects of various toothpastes on "white spot" formation in vitro." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Dentifrices (Dentifrice)IBA 01/01/1988 - "The results suggest that plaque mineral enrichment may be even more effective than F dentifrice in preventing dental caries." 11/01/1984 - "Relative efficacy of dentifrices containing 250 or 1000 ppm F- in preventing dental caries--report of a 32-month clinical trial." 12/01/1957 - "Studies on salivary lactobacilli and dental caries in children during a dentifrice test program." 10/01/1954 - "[Experimental study of the action of fluorinated dentifrices in prevention of dental caries.]" 01/01/1999 - "In conclusion, brushing with a remineralizing dentifrice significantly reduced the size of new orthodontic white spots within 2 months, while brushing combined with topical tray applications reduced lesion size within 1 month with concomitant formation of a shiny enamel surface layer. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Pit and Fissure Sealants (Dental Sealants)IBA 01/01/1989 - "The preponderance of dental caries is located on the pit and fissure surfaces of teeth, an area where dental sealants are most effective in preventing this malady. " 01/01/2008 - "REVIEW: Although dental sealants are effective in reducing the risk of having dental decay, their rate of utilization among children and adolescents is below the objective set forth by the Healthy People 2010 document. " 08/26/2005 - "Dental sealants are effective in preventing dental caries in the occlusal (chewing) and other pitted and fissured surfaces of the teeth. " 01/01/1995 - "This utilization pattern for dental sealants would contribute to improved efficiency of sealant usage in the treatment of dental caries, particularly at a time when caries frequency is declining. " 03/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a social gradient in the presence of fissure sealants, but no such gradient in dental caries levels. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	VaccinesIBA 08/01/2003 - "Intranasally administered dental caries vaccines show significant promise for human application. " 09/01/1984 - "The current status of vaccines against dental caries indicates that the present preparations are effective in animals and should be used in clinical trials to determine their effectiveness as an alternative to present methods of control. " 05/01/2005 - "Immunological and protective effects of diepitopic subunit dental caries vaccines." 05/15/2002 - "Only a few studies, however, have examined the efficacy of dental caries vaccines in humans. " 01/01/2009 - "Overall, these results indicate that rEnolase could be a promising and safe candidate for testing in trials of vaccines against dental caries in humans." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/1978 - "Active immunisation with Streptococcus mutans induced protection against dental caries in rhesus monkeys, and this was associated with serum antibodies. " 01/01/1991 - "Studies in man have focused mainly on salivary and serum antibodies developing naturally in response to oral colonization by mutans streptococci, or in relation to the development of dental caries. " 01/01/1990 - "This study supports the concept of immune regulation of dental caries by naturally occurring antibodies induced by swallowing S. " 01/01/1984 - "The results of the present study indicate that salivary antibodies are linked with the control of human dental caries." 04/01/1976 - "In this regard, recent studies by Lehner, Challacombe, and Caldwell have suggested that crevicular fluid transudating serum antibodies are important in the prevention of dental caries in rhesus monkeys. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	ChlorhexidineIBA 06/01/2006 - "It was concluded that six-monthly applications of chlorhexidine varnish were effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in primary molars." 01/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: Six-monthly applications of chlorhexidine varnish were effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in primary molars." 03/01/2000 - "However, there is evidence to suggest that mouthrinses containing active agents effective against Streptococcus mutans, such as chlorhexidine, may also have a role in inhibiting dental caries. " 03/01/1994 - "Potential efficacy of chlorhexidine against mutans streptococci and human dental caries." 01/01/2007 - "BACKGROUND/AIMS: The use of chlorhexidine as a topically applied oral antiseptic is well documented; however, clinical studies examining the effects of chlorhexidine gel on in situ dental caries are limited. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Sweetening Agents (Sweeteners)IBA 10/01/1999 - "Certain additives as well as sugar substitutes show great promise for the provision of between-meal snack foods that reduce the risk of dental caries. " 10/01/2001 - "These studies demonstrated a consistent decrease in dental caries, ranging from 30 to 60 percent, among subjects using sugar substitutes as compared to subjects in a control group. " 04/01/1989 - "Thus, the answer to the question that was raised in the title of this paper: "Sugar substitutes - one consequence of the Vipeholm Study?" is "Yes" for those products that are consumed frequently and "Yes" for those individuals who have a high risk for dental caries, but "No" for those products that are not consumed frequently and "No" for those individuals who do not have a high risk for dental caries. " 07/30/1982 - "Studies of special population groups, epidemiological surveys, controlled longitudinal studies of humans, and longitudinal studies on the effect of sugar substitutes indicate that frequent or high intake of sugary foods predisposes to dental decay. " 05/27/2008 - "Food labeling: health claims; dietary noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners and dental caries. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 12/01/2004 - "Although an improvement in oral hygiene, gingival conditions and dental caries has been reported recently in children, the prevalence of these conditions is still high compared to that found in the developed countries. " 01/01/1995 - "The mere introduction of the project might have led to other changes affecting dental caries, such as improved oral hygiene and better dietary habits." 12/01/2001 - "It is concluded that oral hygiene, gingival condition and dental caries has improved since 1993." 06/01/2008 - "Linear regression analysis revealed that age explained a variance of 32% and 25.4% for DMFT and dmft respectively The findings of this study demonstrate that young people with impaired hearing in this region have a high prevalence of dental caries, poor oral hygiene, and extensive unmet needs for dental treatment. " 01/01/2008 - "The present study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene status and risk factors among students. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Fluoridation 07/01/1994 - "The most widely used systemic alternative to water fluoridation is salt fluoridation, which has been found to be effective against dental caries in programs conducted in Switzerland and Hungary. " 05/29/1992 - "Although fluoridation of community water is highly effective in reducing the occurrence of dental caries, the prevalence of dental caries remains high in the United States. " 07/01/1994 - "Fluoridation of domestic water supplies has been shown to be effective in reducing the prevalence of dental caries in numerous studies conducted world-wide over the last 50 years. " 01/01/2006 - "Is water fluoridation effective in reducing inequalities in dental caries distribution in developing countries? " 02/01/1991 - "They include changes in the epidemiology of dental caries due to fluoridation, and availability of new equipment and techniques for cavity preparation and new or improved restorative materials. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Dental Care 03/01/1999 - "The community program contributed to improved dental health in most children even if it could not prevent the development of dental caries in very low-income children with severely decayed teeth and no access to dental care. " 01/01/2009 - "The objective of this study was to assess the relationships of income and income inequality with dental caries and dental care levels in 35- to 44-year-old adults among rich countries. " 01/01/2009 - "Income, income inequality, dental caries and dental care levels: an ecological study in rich countries." 05/01/2003 - "PURPOSE: The influence of early dental care on the prevalence of dental caries was determined in children ages 35 to 40 months divided into 2 groups of 160 children each, with 1 group participating in a dental care program from the first year of life to the time of the study, while the other group did not receive any dental care. " 10/01/2001 - "Early dental caries risk assessment and prevention in pre-school children: evaluation of a new strategy for dental care in a field study." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Toothbrushing 01/01/1990 - "This study shows that restricting consumption of confectionery and beverages may be effective in preventing dental caries; however, encouragement of toothbrushing may not be effective in limiting dental caries progression." 05/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to describe eating, toothbrushing and smoking habits in a cohort of Swedish female adolescents, and to relate the findings to dental caries increment. " 05/01/2005 - "Eating habits, smoking and toothbrushing in relation to dental caries: a 3-year study in Swedish female teenagers." 01/01/1990 - "The study was designed to determine the influence of confectionery and beverages intake and of toothbrushing on infant dental caries. " 03/01/1978 - "Numerous studies have related dental caries experience of children with the frequency of their toothbrushing or with their oral cleanliness at the time of examination. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Lasers (Laser) 02/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the demineralization depth measured by dental computed tomography (CT) and the measured value from a non-destructive dental caries diagnosis with a laser. " 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a laser-induced infrared fluorescence method, DIAGNOdent, for measuring orthodontically induced white spot lesions. " 01/01/2003 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel thickness on the quantification of white-spot lesions with laser fluorescence. " 06/01/1998 - "A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients." 11/01/1997 - "In vitro studies of laser fluorescence for detection and quantification of mineral loss from dental caries." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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