Cyanosis

A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1393 relevant articles (64 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)
2.	Cough
3.	Methemoglobinemia
4.	Pulmonary Hypertension
5.	Bradycardia

Experts

1.	Dimopoulos, Konstantinos: 5 articles (01/2022 - 05/2009)
2.	Martínez-Quintana, Efrén: 4 articles (10/2020 - 11/2010)
3.	Rodríguez-González, Fayna: 4 articles (10/2020 - 11/2010)
4.	Riaño-Ruiz, Marta: 3 articles (10/2020 - 11/2010)
5.	Foreman, Celeste: 3 articles (02/2020 - 03/2010)
6.	Caputo, Massimo: 3 articles (01/2020 - 11/2004)
7.	Opotowsky, Alexander R: 3 articles (01/2020 - 11/2018)
8.	Aggarwal, Varun: 3 articles (10/2019 - 01/2018)
9.	Ewert, Peter: 3 articles (10/2019 - 02/2016)
10.	Glatz, Andrew C: 3 articles (10/2019 - 11/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cyanosis:

1.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Patient was administered 100% oxygen inhalation, but there was no improvement in cyanosis. " 08/01/1999 - "Despite continuous supplement of oxygen, cyanosis was not improved. " 09/01/1994 - "Cyanosis that is brownish and not relieved by oxygen administration should lead to consideration of the diagnosis. " 11/01/2022 - "Her cyanosis did not improve despite giving 100% supplemental oxygen. " 10/01/2022 - "Patients present with central cyanosis, an abnormal pulse oximetry and normal arterial oxygen partial pressure. "
2.	Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)FDA Link 06/01/2010 - "After a single dose of methylene blue (1 mg/kg/dose), cyanosis was reduced and oxygenation improved. " 04/01/1989 - "Pulse oximeters currently available are not helpful in patients treated with methylene blue and should be used with caution in patients who present with cyanosis of unknown origin." 04/01/1989 - "Cyanosis was cleared and O2 saturation and PaO2 were normalized 15 mn after methylene blue (1 mg/kg) administered intravenously. " 01/01/1981 - "Methylene blue again cleared the cyanosis. " 03/07/2023 - "Treatment with methylene blue was initiated but did not result in complete resolution of cyanosis. "
3.	DapsoneFDA Link 03/01/2013 - "After cessation of dapsone, his clinical cyanosis recuperated, his exercise tolerance and functional capacity improved and his FMetHb normalised to 1%." 01/01/2023 - "Dapsone Induced Methaemoglobinaemia A reminder the iatrogenic causes of cyanosis." 01/01/1987 - "Intraoperative cyanosis: a case of dapsone-induced methaemoglobinaemia." 04/05/2012 - "[Lip cyanosis in dapsone therapy: should the dosage be reduced?]." 11/01/2022 - "Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a known complication of dapsone use that can result in cyanosis. "
4.	MethemoglobinIBA 02/16/2023 - "RCM1 leads to higher methemoglobin levels causing only cyanosis, while in RCM2, neurological complications are also present along with cyanosis. " 02/18/2022 - "The female patient's cyanosis resolved, and her methemoglobin level decreased to 1.2% 3 hours later. " 01/01/2022 - "He had significant cyanosis upon arrival, and arterial blood gas analysis revealed a high methemoglobin level of 44%. " 02/03/2021 - "Cyanosis can also be elicited from methemoglobin. " 01/01/2017 - "Clinical presentation includes cyanosis, pallor, methemoglobin levels of 8-12%, and oxygen saturation gap which is evident from ABG analysis, though pulse oximetry is normal. "
5.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1979 - "Diagnosis was based on anamnestical data that was used water from unhygenic well, on cyanosis of various intensity and that have disappeared during the treatment with vitamin C and not give any recurrence later. " 03/01/2009 - "Cyanosis can be well treated by 200-500 mg of ascorbic acid daily; there is no effective therapy for the progressive neurological impairments. " 12/01/2008 - "His cyanosis promptly resolved after intravenous administration of ascorbic acid. " 03/01/2023 - "In addition, when diagnosed the treatment of congenital methemoglobinemia is oral ascorbic acid which is readily available. We present a rare case of a 33-year-old lady, who had a long history of recurrent episodes of cyanosis, headache, and fatigue. " 03/02/2018 - "The patient started on Vitamin C 500 mg once daily for which he responded well with less cyanosis and significant reduction of methemoglobin level. "
6.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1975 - "The addition of intrarenal artery heparin infusion resulted in greater improvement in early total blood flow rates and more uniformly progressive cyanosis and loss of turgor, but the diffuse initial morphologic injury suggested more uniform perfusion of injured areas. " 01/01/2018 - "After adjustment for age, procedure type, and the presence of cyanosis, a multivariate logistic regression model identified the TEG variable K (≤1.3 min) as being significantly associated with decreased heparin response (odds ratio 3.7; confidence interval 2.3-5.8; p < 0.0001). " 01/01/2012 - "Cyanosis does not affect ACT measures following heparin treatment. " 08/01/2017 - "Factors such as heparin administration, age, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and cyanosis or hypoxia have been implicated but not proven. " 01/01/2019 - "Two days after being managed by systemic thrombolytics & heparin, his condition worsened as he developed cyanosis of the affected limb, compartment syndrome & foot drop so he was referred to our facility for further management. "
7.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 11/01/1958 - "Evaluation of chemical cyanosis through improved techniques for hemoglobin analysis." 07/01/1960 - "Studies on an abnormal hemoglobin causing hereditary congenital cyanosis." 01/01/2018 - "Beth-Israel Hemoglobin: An Uncommon Cause of Cyanosis in a 9-year-old Boy." 10/01/2016 - "Neonatal Cyanosis Due to Hemoglobin Variant: Hb F-Sarajevo." 11/01/2013 - "Children at high altitudes had significantly lower oxygen saturation on presentation, more cyanosis, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher hemoglobin. "
8.	GasesIBA 06/01/1996 - "Surgical closure of the defect resulted in cure with disappearance of cyanosis and normalisation of blood gases. " 03/01/2022 - "A 48-year-old worker at a specialty gases laboratory was transported to the community Emergency Department (ED) in respiratory distress, presenting with peripheral cyanosis, an unobtainable oxygen saturation, chocolate-colored blood, and a Glasgow coma scale of 15. " 11/12/2020 - "We present the case of a term newborn, with no significant perinatal history, who was taken to the emergency room at 18 days old for intermittent episodes of cyanosis, with no signs of respiratory distress, oxygensaturation of 85%, arterial gases with moderate hypoxemia, and chest X-ray." 01/01/2020 - "The unusual presentation in a 10-year-old patient is described; she was presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea, cough, central cyanosis and digital clubbing; chest X-ray with images suggestive of parahilar nodules, arterial blood gases with increased alveolar arterial gradient. " 02/01/1999 - "Blood gases showed a PO2 at 63 mmHg in ambient air and 62 mmHg with FiO2 = 1. There was no dyspnea or cyanosis nor any apparent polycythemia. "
9.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 01/01/2022 - "Mortality was also statistically significantly higher among under-five children with weight for age and weight for length/height below -2Z score; SpO2 < 90% at room air at admission, cyanosis, convulsion, high C-reactive protein (CRP), blood culture positive sepsis and end point consolidation. " 03/01/2018 - "This is not associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein, heart failure, or autoimmunity but appears to be associated with cyanosis and age. " 10/01/2019 - "On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for mortality included male sex (P = 0.05), weight on admission <1500 g (P < 0.001), hypothermia (P = 0.003), respiratory distress (P = 0.04), cyanosis (P = 0.001), convulsions (P = 0.02), prolonged capillary refill time (P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), abnormal radiological finding (P = 0.01), cerebrospinal fluid cellularity (P = 0.002) and positive C-reactive protein (P < 0.001). " 07/12/2003 - "Predictors for bacterial meningitis were the main complaint and vomiting (in the history) persisting for a long time, the presence of meningeal irritation, cyanosis, petechiae, disturbed consciousness (during physical examination), and a high serum concentration of C-reactive protein. " 10/01/1992 - "Symptoms of cough, nausea and malaise, and clinical findings of cyanosis, bibasilar crackles, reduced lung volumes, hypoxemia, leukocytosis, elevated ESR, positive C-reactive protein, and bilateral diffuse reticulonodular shadows on chest roentgenogram improved after the patient was removed from exposure. "
10.	TOR Serine-Threonine KinasesIBA 02/01/2021 - "The articles address (1) outcomes after anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery repair which showed relief of ischemia in most patients with low mortality, (2) the role of lymphatic imaging to predict post-Fontan complications which showed that lymphatic imaging by MRI may have an added prognostic value, (3) European guidelines for participation in competitive sports in congenital heart disease patients using a systematic approach based on ventricular structure and function, pulmonary pressure, aortic root, arrhythmia, and cyanosis, (4) fenestrated atrial septal defect closure combined with medical therapy in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension which resulted in improved pulmonary pressure and offered hope for this population, (5) animal model study for pulmonary vein stenosis postsurgery showing activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and that application of rapamycin at the anastomosis location may prevent pulmonary vein stenosis, and (6) mitral valve replacement with the 15-mm mechanical valve describing a 20-year multicenter experience from the Netherland that showed that this "dime valve" may be a good option for small infants with mitral valve disease."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2015 - "Anti-pulmonary hypertensive therapy improved cyanosis. " 01/01/2002 - "Following therapy renal function rapidly improved; clinical symptoms of malaise and abdominal discomfort subsided, with amelioration of skin lesions and cyanosis of toes. " 02/01/2020 - "This observational cohort study found that cyanosis, surgery in neonates, preoperative anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, and the volume of post-CPB transfusion are important predictors of postoperative thrombotic complications in children undergoing cardiac surgery. " 01/01/2018 - "The indications for transplant in ACHD patients include systemic ventricular failure refractory medical therapy, Fontan patients failing from chronic passive pulmonary circulation, and progressive cyanosis leading to functional decline. " 09/01/2008 - "The infant presenting to the emergency department with cyanosis requires rapid assessment, diagnosis, and initiation of therapy. "
2.	Stents 03/01/2016 - "Six months after stent placement, exercise tolerance had improved and exertional cyanosis had resolved. " 05/01/1999 - "There are two cases of obstruction of a modified Blalock anastomosis in which the stent revascularised the shunt with improvement in cyanosis. " 01/01/2019 - "Novel use of covered stents to treat profound cyanosis in a hepatic vein exclusion Fontan." 01/01/2018 - "A custom flow restrictor-covered stent was deployed in the pulmonary artery of the affected side, redirecting the blood flow to the contralateral lung, immediately improving cyanosis. " 01/01/2018 - "In this multicenter comparison of palliative PDA stent and BT shunt for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow adjusted for differences in patient factors, there was no difference in the primary end point, death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis. "
3.	Fontan Procedure (Fontan Operation) 01/01/2019 - "Detailed studies provide valuable information on the various components of the Fontan circulation such as the function of the single ventricle and the valves, flow in the Glenn and Fontan pathways, and possible sources of cyanosis and shunts. " 01/01/2007 - "Patients with the previous fenestrated Fontan procedure (intracardiac lateral tunnel, extracardiac conduit) with the presence of clinically important cyanosis, arterial desaturation less than 88 %, previously described leak by echocardiography, impaired exercise capability, absence of effusions and appropriate hemodynamic parameters were included in the study. " 12/27/2021 - "Prevalence of cyanosis was considerable during long-term follow-up after Fontan operation and-as a surrogate parameter for unfavourable Fontan haemodynamics-is associated with increased late mortality. " 12/27/2021 - "Prevalence of cyanosis was analysed at 3 different time points (t1 = post-Fontan operation, t2 = post-Fontan cardiac catheterization, t3 = last follow-up) and the association of cyanosis with mortality was examined. " 12/27/2021 - "We sought to systematically determine the prevalence and clinical consequences of persisting and secondary cyanosis after Fontan operation. "
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 08/01/2010 - "The case/ cyanosis in a hemodialysis patient." 03/04/2021 - "We report a case of a 73-year-old male with hemodialysis who presented with cyanosis and ischemic rest pain of both lower limbs. " 05/01/1996 - "The case of a hemodialysis patient with cyanosis of the hand distal to an AV fistula is described. " 07/01/2000 - "Due to severe cyanosis of the legs below the knees and severe hyperkalemia, he had undergone embolectomy of the right femoral artery and hemodialysis. " 04/01/2023 - "A 58-year-old female who underwent renal transplantation and closure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis at age 24 was presented with left forearm pain and cyanosis. "
5.	Respiratory Therapy (Therapy, Respiratory) 12/01/2006 - "All variables (dyspnoea, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulsus paradoxus, and wheeze) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in children 5 years and older, were determined at pre and post inhalation therapy. " 11/01/2023 - "This study suggested that combined BUD and AMB inhalation therapy has better efficacy in treating childhood pneumonia, and BUD combined with AMB inhalation is more effective in alleviating symptoms such as cough, lung auscultation abnormalities, respiratory distress, normalizing body temperature, and reducing cyanosis of the lips. "