Cross Infection (Nosocomial Infection)

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2472 relevant articles (105 outcomes, 202 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

Also Known As:

Nosocomial Infection; Nosocomial Infections; Hospital Infection; Hospital Infections; Infection, Cross; Infections, Hospital; Infections, Nosocomial; Cross Infections; Infection, Hospital; Infection, Nosocomial; Infections, Cross

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses

Infection: 225242

Cross Infection: 2472

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: 1093

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
3.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
4.	Tuberculosis
5.	Hepatitis B

Experts

1.	Ivanov, D V: 3 articles (01/2008 - 09/2007)
2.	Hsueh, Po-Ren: 2 articles (09/2008 - 07/2005)
3.	van Elburg, R M: 2 articles (02/2008 - 12/2005)
4.	van der Zwet, W C: 2 articles (02/2008 - 12/2005)
5.	Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C M J E: 2 articles (02/2008 - 12/2005)
6.	Prapas, Sotirios N: 2 articles (12/2007 - 09/2006)
7.	Samonis, George: 2 articles (12/2007 - 09/2006)
8.	Michalopoulos, Argyris: 2 articles (12/2007 - 09/2006)
9.	Falagas, Matthew E: 2 articles (12/2007 - 09/2006)
10.	Rellos, Konstantinos: 2 articles (12/2007 - 09/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cross Infection:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 06/01/2001 - "In the years to come the threat of nosocomial infections unfortunately will not be eliminated, while the development of major new parenteral antibiotics cannot be foreseen. " 11/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the hygienic and epidemiological regime and rational administration of antibiotics leads at intensive care units to a reduced incidence of nosocomial infection and thus to reduced financial costs." 06/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HVR-PCR genotype method is an easy and fast method for epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infections caused by MRSA, and it is helpful for clinical selection of antibacterial agents. " 04/01/1995 - "This requires improved sanitation, nutrition and immunization, hospital infection control and strategies that will diminish the inappropriate and excessive promotion and use of antibiotics. " 07/01/2007 - "In this study it was aimed to evaluate the effect of this instruction on the overall usage of restricted antibiotics, their cost, overall mortality, bacterial resistance patterns and nosocomial infection rates in intensive care units (ICUs) of our setting for March-October 2002 and March-October 2003 periods. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Cephalosporins (Cephalosporin Antibiotics)IBA 04/01/1994 - "The new penem may offer an alternative for treating nosocomial infections due to aerobic Gram-negative strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins, provided that clinical studies confirm its clinical usefulness." 11/01/2007 - "[Susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of resistance to cephalosporins of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections]" 10/01/2006 - "Multiresistance was associated with nosocomial infection, recent invasive procedure, previous third-generation cephalosporins therapy, prolonged perioperative prophylaxis, the species of Enterobacter (E. " 07/01/2006 - "Increasing resistance to third generation cephalosporins has become a cause for concern especially among Enterobacteriaceae that cause nosocomial infections. " 06/01/2001 - "Reduction in colonization and nosocomial infection by multiresistant bacteria in a neonatal unit after institution of educational measures and restriction in the use of cephalosporins." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	beta-Lactamases (beta-Lactamase)IBA 06/01/2008 - "It has good efficacy against beta-lactamase and ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lacatamase)-secreting pathogens, and it has shown great promise in management of children with severe and nosocomial infections. " 11/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence and clinical significance of metallo-beta-lactamases among Enterobacter strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections. " 03/01/2009 - "The isolation rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer and pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in this study might increase the risk of nosocomial infection. " 06/01/2009 - "Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections in a Zagreb University Hospital." 01/01/2009 - "Gram-negative pathogens, such as Enterobacteriaceae (specially those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii have acquired an important role in hospital infections, which is of particular concern because of the associated broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Colistin (Coly-Mycin)FDA Link 10/01/2006 - "We conclude that colistin can be a safe and effective salvage therapeutic option for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. " 10/01/2006 - "The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of systemic colistin therapy in the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to study related adverse events. " 01/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections due to multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are often treated with colistin, but there are few data comparing its safety and efficacy with other antimicrobials. " 09/01/2008 - "Patients were individually isolated to avoid cross-infection and colistin inhalation was avoided in the CF outpatient clinic and in the ward after both outbreaks. " 10/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous colistin is a safe compound useful to treat various nosocomial infections due to pan-resistant gram negative bacilli. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Methicillin (Metin)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "Although the association between environmental surfaces contaminated with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and hospital infection rates is not fully understood, monitoring programmes can provide an objective starting point for the development and assessment of infection control strategies incorporating improved cleaning. " 09/25/1993 - "[Clinical epidemiology of an outbreak of nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglucosides: efficacy of the measures of control]" 01/01/2009 - "All of the CoNS strains were isolated from nosocomial infections and 71.6% of them were resistant to methicillin. " 08/01/2007 - "Evaluation of biofilm production and prevalence of the icaD gene in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections and carriers." 06/01/2007 - "Currently, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens in nosocomial infection control, and detection using culture will take 1 5 days. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	meropenem (Merrem)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "Therefore, the empirical therapy of severe nosocomial infections with meropenem proved to be more adequate and from the economic viewpoint more advantageous vs. the standard combined regimens of antibacterial therapy, that was evident from significantly higher clinical and bacteriological efficacy of the treatment and decrease of the terms of the patients hospitalization in intensive care units (on the average by 5 days)." 01/01/2006 - "[Multicentre study of comparative efficacy of meropenem and combined regimens for empirical antibacterial therapy of severe nosocomial infections: results of clinical and pharmacoeconomic analysis]" 01/01/1998 - "The trial results were indicative of the meropenem high efficacy and good tolerance and of the possible use of the drug in the monotherapy as an alternative of the routine combined therapy of severe hospital infections." 01/01/2009 - "The incidence of nosocomial infections did not change, and the prevalence of nosocomial infections caused by meropenem-resistant organisms was always <1% of all admissions during the period of meropenem preference. " 01/01/2006 - "With the use of meropenem the probability of recovery from nosocomial infection was significantly higher (RR 1.73-1.94, p < 0.001) vs. the control. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Ampicillin (Omnipen)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1990 - "hospitals, 652 ampicillin-resistant (Am(r)) or ampicillin-intermediate (Ami) isolates were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control from March 1983 through July 1984 by nine hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study. " 05/01/1987 - "We examined aminoglycoside (AG) resistance in ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli obtained from nine hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study. " 11/01/1993 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for colonization and nosocomial infection with ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE). " 07/01/1992 - "CONCLUSIONS--We conclude that ampicillin-resistant enterococci are common in the rectal flora, can spread to the urinary system, are associated with patient characteristics that predipose to nosocomial infection, and may become an emerging clinical problem." 05/01/1992 - "An analysis of plasmid and chromosomal DNAs of isolates revealed that the increase was due to an epidemic of 19 nosocomial infections that yielded closely related strains of Enterococcus faecium and to a significant increase in the incidence of nonepidemic, largely unrelated strains of ampicillin-resistant enterococci. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Carbapenems (Carbapenem Antibiotics)IBA 08/15/2009 - "Carbapenems remain a mainstay for the empirical treatment of serious nosocomial infection. " 09/01/2008 - "Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carbapenems." 12/01/2005 - "The carbapenems appear to be a valuable option for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by P. " 09/01/2000 - "Carbapenems appear to be a continuing reliable option for the treatment of serious nosocomial infection." 09/01/1997 - "[The role of carbapenems in the treatment of nosocomial infection]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 01/01/2004 - "There is no justification for further RCTs testing the efficacy of previously studied IVIG preparations to reduce nosocomial infections in preterm and/or LBW infants. " 01/01/2001 - "There is no justification for further RCTs testing the efficacy of previously studied IVIG preparations to reduce nosocomial infections in preterm and/or LBW infants. " 04/21/1994 - "A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin to reduce nosocomial infections in very-low-birth-weight infants. " 04/01/1993 - "Some recent studies show a decrease in nosocomial infections by ivIg infusions. " 09/08/1994 - "Intravenous immune globulin to reduce nosocomial infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Vancomycin FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, produced by the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, have been shown to be effective in a number of situations. " 02/01/2007 - "This study evaluates vancomycin prescribing patterns in a tertiary-care hospital, with high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, comparing with the guidelines proposed by the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. " 01/01/1998 - "OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate a clinical decision process model for the appropriateness of vancomycin use, using modified Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HICPAC) guidelines. " 07/01/2009 - "A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) outbreak was determined by hospital infection control committee in the pediatric unit of Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey in the first week of March 2008. " 06/05/2009 - "BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) could lead to increased morbidity and mortality. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 09/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in reducing the rates of nosocomial infection in pediatric intensive care. " 09/01/2007 - "Probiotic administration and the incidence of nosocomial infection in pediatric intensive care: a randomized placebo-controlled trial." 01/01/2006 - "The aims of this study were to review the pathogens associated with nosocomial infections in a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey and to summarize rates of antimicrobial resistance in the most common pathogens. " 08/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to assess data on the epidemiology of nosocomial infections and related risk factors in neurological intensive care patients and to use them for internal quality management. " 07/01/1992 - "A controlled trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care and its effect on nosocomial infection." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 06/01/2006 - "Compared with the control group, there was a marked decrease in the duration of mechanical ventilation (120 [interquartile range 48-312] vs. 65 (24-192) hrs, p=.01) and nosocomial infections rate (17% vs. 8%, p<.05) in the intervention group. " 01/01/2003 - "An ASA higher than 2, the stay prior to surgery; the number of days with a urinary catheter, with a central venous catheter and with mechanical ventilation; as well as the improvement in the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, were all factors that influenced the frequency of nosocomial infection." 08/01/2006 - "During the three periods of the study, patients were similar concerning age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPSII), the site of nosocomial infection, and the requirements for mechanical ventilation (75% in 2001, 76% in 2002, 74% in 2003, and 85% in 2004). " 12/06/2009 - "We protect ourselves from airborne cross-infection in the indoor environment by supplying fresh air to a room by natural or mechanical ventilation. " 01/01/2009 - "No significant difference was observed between the three groups for length of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, nonpulmonary nosocomial infections and mortality. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Length of Stay 02/01/1992 - "The selective gut decontamination group experienced a significant reduction in the incidence of nosocomial infections and a reduced length of stay. " 03/01/2005 - "This study evaluated the impact of nosocomial infections on cost of illness and length of stay (LOS) in intensive care units (ICUs). " 08/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Our study finds high rates of nosocomial infections in ICUs in Argentina, associated with a considerable attributable mortality and excess length of stay. " 08/01/1992 - "Quality assessment and improvement studies that examine the effectiveness of infection control procedures over time, the importance of examining both community-acquired and nosocomial infections, and the differences that severity of illness may have on cost and length of stay are all areas that have been identified as needing further study. " 05/01/1989 - "a) A three months study on nosocomial infection frequency, with a simultaneous assessment of the nosocomial infection risk factors (infected or non infected body on entry in the department, the kind of pathology, simplified scores of seriousness) and of the length of the hospital stays to compare the average length of stay for overinfected patients and for nosocomial infection non contaminated patients, after checking those factors through adjustment, themselves responsible for a prolongation of the stays. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 01/01/2008 - "Rational antibiotic prophylaxis and antibacterial therapy of nosocomial infections is an actual problem in surgery. " 01/01/2006 - "Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent nosocomial infections in patients in intensive care units: evidence that struggle to convince practising clinicians." 10/01/2001 - "There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls with respect to age, gender, weight, underlying illness, preoperative hospital stay, duration of surgery, time on bypass, central venous catheter duration, National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance risk index, New York Heart Association class, albumin, or antibiotic prophylaxis. " 04/01/2001 - "Protocol implementation in hospital infection control practice: an Italian experience of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis." 01/01/2001 - "For those who received adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, the percentage of nosocomial infection was 10.65% compared with the group who received inadequate prophylaxis in which the percentage of nosocomial infection was 33.40%. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Resuscitation 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to review the pathogens associated with nosocomial infections at the Clinic for abdominal surgery, Clinic for urology, Clinic for orthopedic surgery and Clinic for resuscitation and anaesthesia of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. " 11/01/2005 - "The study was undertaken to define the main causes of nosocomial infection and the possible ways of its prevention in a resuscitation and intensive care unit (RICU). " 01/01/1974 - "[Count of cross-infection bacteria in the Limoges Resuscitation Service (Study of 2 years of operation)]" 09/01/2008 - "Several lines of evidences indicate that this inhibitory response secondly may be deleterious in patients who survived initial resuscitation, as it may be directly responsible for worsening outcome by decreasing resistance to secondary nosocomial infections. " 01/01/2008 - "These alterations might be directly responsible for worsening outcome, as they may play a major role in the decreased resistance to nosocomial infections in patients who survived initial resuscitation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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