Contracture

1.	Zorn, Kevin C: 3 articles (02/2008 - 12/2006)
2.	Zagaja, Gregory P: 3 articles (02/2008 - 12/2006)
3.	Gofrit, Ofer N: 3 articles (02/2008 - 12/2006)
4.	Prantl, Lukas: 3 articles (08/2007 - 07/2006)
5.	Eisenmann-Klein, Marita: 3 articles (08/2007 - 07/2006)
6.	Weisshorn, Ralf: 3 articles (09/2005 - 08/2002)
7.	Wappler, Frank: 3 articles (09/2005 - 08/2002)
8.	Fiege, Marko: 3 articles (09/2005 - 08/2002)
9.	Reynolds, W Stuart: 2 articles (02/2008 - 01/2008)
10.	Shalhav, Arieh L: 2 articles (02/2008 - 01/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Contracture:

1.	Caffeine (No Doz)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1999 - "Run training significantly reduced the rate of Na+-dependent clearance of [Ca2+]c during the caffeine-induced contractures. " 08/01/1993 - "After Ca2+ loading (120 s), the minimal caffeine concentration required to evoke a contracture in fatigued fibers (5.7 +/- 0.3 mM) was significantly greater than that of control fibers (3.1 +/- 0.4 mM), an effect that persisted with prolonged incubation of the skinned fibers. " 06/01/1992 - "In all cases, CICR evoked at pH 6.5 resulted in larger caffeine contractures than that evoked at 7.0, suggesting that more Ca2+ was released during CICR at the higher pH. Accordingly, rate constants for CICR were significantly greater at pH 7.0 than at pH 6.5. " 10/01/1989 - "The concentration of caffeine alone that increased the contracture tension by 7% averaged 6.7 +/- 0.3 mM for vastus, significantly greater than 4.1 +/- 0.2 mM for the rectus muscle biopsies. " 01/01/1990 - "The findings that human type I muscle fibers have higher caffeine sensitivity than type II muscle fibers should be helpful for the interpretation of the in vitro contracture test done in muscle strips containing type I and type II fibers in varying proportions." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Halothane (Fluothane)FDA Link 09/01/1990 - "The effect of varying temperatures on biopsies of skeletal muscle from these animals showed a marked decrease in contracture response to halothane when the muscle was cooled to 25 degrees C. " 09/01/1990 - "The rate of tension development of cooling-induced contractures in the absence or presence of halothane was significantly greater in denervated (2-90 days) than in innervated muscles. " 07/01/1987 - "The magnitude of contractures was, however, significantly greater in the dynamic than in the static halothane test for halothane concentrations less than 3%, but this did not influence diagnosis. " 09/01/1989 - "The present study examines lipid profiles of human muscle (vastus lateralis) prior to halothane challenge, relating the lipid profiles to the magnitude of halothane contracture response in muscle from the same biopsy. " 04/01/1987 - "Studies of the halothane-cooling contractures of skeletal muscle." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	CalciumIBA 05/01/1989 - "1. The protective effects of some calcium antagonists against different forms of calcium overload contracture were investigated in embryonic chick cardiac myocytes. " 09/01/1983 - "Our results suggest that contracture can be reversed and that functional recovery can be improved in spite of increased tissue calcium." 12/01/1991 - "The results reported in the present study may be related to the impaired relaxation and contracture described in vivo within the first minutes of a postischemic reperfusion and before any change in calcium homeostasis." 02/01/1979 - "The study does not discriminate between rigor and rised cytosolic calcium as mechanisms causing hypoxic contracture, but demonstrates that hypoxic contracture is not directly dependent on the availability of intracellular calcium." 06/01/1972 - "However, the fact that contractures are prolonged in the cold, and the finding that repriming is delayed, can be utilized in further studies to clarify the mechanism that controls the release of calcium." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)IBA 05/10/1988 - "All three compounds exerted a significant anti-ischaemic effect, as indicated by an improved recovery of functional parameters (left ventricular pressure and coronary perfusion), a delayed onset of the ischaemic contracture, and an enhanced recovery of biochemical (CrP, ATP and adenylate energy charge) parameters. " 01/01/2007 - "Adenosinergic contracture inhibition was eliminated by A(1)AR gene knockout (KO), mimicked by A(1)AR overexpression, and was associated with preservation of myocardial [ATP]. " 09/01/1989 - "These studies lead us to conclude that the relatively poor recovery of contractile response of human atrial trabeculae, together with contracture reported previously at lower temperatures (1 degree and 4 degrees C), is not due to a failure to maintain adenosine triphosphate levels." 04/01/2007 - "This translated, poststress, into a sustained contracture manifested by reduced end-diastolic volumes in K(ATP) channel-deficient mice. " 10/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: CPG protected hearts from ischaemic contracture by attenuating the fall in ATP and removing diastolic Ca by means of NCX in forward mode. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2009 - "EMMA 1) age 2-4 years, RI 20%: multilevel injection of botulinum toxin in case of muscular hyperactivity without morphological alterations of the couple muscle-tendon (contractures). " 10/01/2007 - "These contractures were treated with botulinum toxin A (75IU in the right sternocleidomastoid, 25IU in the right trapezius; one month later 50IU in the left levator scapulae, 50IU in the right levator scapulae, 75IU in the left sternocleidomastoid; two months later 25IU in the left trapezius). " 05/01/2006 - "Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is a potent biological toxin widely used for the management of skeletal muscle spasticity or dynamic joint contracture. " 11/01/2004 - "Contrary to our hypothesis, the addition of botulinum toxin A to a serial casting regimen led to earlier recurrence of spasticity, contracture, and equinus during gait. " 12/01/2001 - "In three long-standing cases, botulinum toxin was used to ameliorate the contracture of the tight medial rectus muscle. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (Lactate Dehydrogenase)IBA 02/01/2009 - "KR-31761 (10 microM) significantly increased the time to contracture during the ischemic period, whereas it concentration-dependently decreased the lactate dehydrogenase release during reperfusion. " 10/01/1999 - "heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, coronary flow, double product and time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) parameters were evaluated. " 05/01/1993 - "Preconditioning caused significant improvements in reperfusion contractile function (25-fold increase in left ventricular developed pressure) and reductions in reperfusion lactate dehydrogenase release and reperfusion end diastolic pressure (contracture). " 02/01/2004 - "In isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to a 30-min global ischemia/30-min reperfusion, KR-31372 (1-10 microM) significantly improved severe contracture (end-diastolic pressure and time to contracture), markedly reduced reperfusion lactate dehydrogenase release, and enhanced the recovery of reperfusion contractile function (left ventricular developed pressure and double product) in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the vehicle-treated group. " 11/01/2003 - "IPC (n = 8) reduced reperfusion-induced lactate dehydrogenase release by 65.8% with respect to control hearts (n = 9) (P = 0.04) but had no effect on the time of onset of rigor contracture (increase in diastolic tension), electrical uncoupling (sharp changes in tissue resistivity and phase angle in impedance recordings), or block of impulse propagation during ischemia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Lactic Acid FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "Dimethylamiloride improved the recovery of contraction (fed control 24 +/- 9%, fed treated 68 +/- 11%, P < 0.05 at the end of reperfusion), attenuated the contracture (fed control 40 +/- 9%, fed treated 24 +/- 11%, P < 0.05 at the beginning of reperfusion) and reduced lactate production in the fed group and increased cellular viability in both groups (fed control 21 +/- 6%, fed treated 69 +/- 7%, P < 0.05, and fasted control 18 +/- 7%, fasted treated 53 +/- 8%, P < 0.05). " 02/01/2006 - "Fasting reduced the ischaemic rise of end diastolic pressure (contracture), improved recovery of contraction and lowered lactate production in comparison with the fed whereas cellular viability was similar in both groups. " 09/01/2005 - "IPC improved the contractile function but prevented the contracture only in the fed group, reduced lactate accumulation and glycogenolysis and evoked an increase of the viable tissue. " 09/01/2005 - "Fasting improved the reperfusion recovery of contraction, decreased the contracture and the lactate production, increased glycogenolysis and did not affect the percentage of viable tissue. " 12/01/2009 - "In the treated groups there was a higher lactate production during preservation and, during reperfusion, the signs of contracture and the elevation of enzyme levels were more marked than in the untreated groups. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	FlexorIBA 11/01/2009 - "Rather than providing strong evidence for or against the use of percutaneous flexor tenotomy for the treatment of neuropathic toe ulceration secondary to toe contracture in persons with diabetes, the results of this systematic review make clear the need for methodologically sound prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that focus on the use of this form of surgical intervention. " 03/01/2003 - "This descriptive research study measured elbow flexor and extensor torque-angle curves and contracture. " 11/01/2009 - "Percutaneous flexor tenotomy for treatment of neuropathic toe ulceration secondary to toe contracture in persons with diabetes: a systematic review." 10/01/2009 - "A tight flexor, pronation pattern is frequently noted through the elbow and forearm with further flexion contractures through the wrist and fingers. " 04/15/2008 - "To test it, we recorded electrically evoked maximal isometric specific force followed by 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC)-evoked maximal contracture force in single intact fibers from the mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	CollagenIBA 03/01/1988 - "These observations confirm earlier results by showing a correlation between intact collagen coating and absence of capsule formation, and also further demonstrate a significant reduction in the rate of capsule contracture for collagen-coated implants." 07/01/2004 - "If collagen synthesis could be altered to minimize the contracture, then the outcome could be improved. " 06/01/1984 - "This study demonstrates that increased collagen production but not an altered ratio of type III:I collagen is associated with breast capsular contracture. " 07/01/2007 - "Contracture capsules were significantly thicker than control capsules (P < .05) and exhibited extensive disorganization of collagen fiber bundle arrangement. " 07/01/2004 - "Ultimately, the amount of contracting collagen is reduced, lowering the bulk and lessening the contracture. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Dantrolene (Dantrium)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1989 - "This study showed that dantrolene sodium is useful in the treatment of traumatic contracture, and that it does not alter an individual's overall performance. " 09/01/1989 - "Dantrolene sodium in traumatic muscle contracture: double-blind clinical and pharmacological trial." 09/15/2003 - "Following the introduction of efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools--the in vitro contracture test and intravenous treatment with dantrolene--a dramatic decline in mortality rates has been observed. " 08/01/1999 - "On dantrolene treatment, the patient became asymptomatic, and the ischemic test was performed without contracture. " 09/01/1989 - "Thirty athletes with muscular contractures were enrolled in a double-blind study of dantrolene sodium and placebo to evaluate the decontracture activity and tolerance of the drug after eight days of treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2008 - "A short period of splinting of meshed skin grafts during the initial phase of epithelialization and keratinocyte differentiation may be most effective in the prevention of subsequent contractures in vivo but additional studies are needed to establish this." 01/01/1999 - "Among the methods of treatment, excision with graft gives the best results in short flexion contractures. " 07/01/1984 - "Best results were obtained by release of contracture, application of split-thickness skin grafts, and splinting for up to six months." 12/01/1982 - "Best results are obtained if contracture release is complete, if defects are covered by thick split-thickness skin grafts, and if nipple-areola reconstruction is obtained from a normal opposite breast if present. " 01/01/2006 - "Very good results and complete resolution of contractures were obtained in 15 cases, while 2 patients underwent a repeated surgery in which compound grafts were used again. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 10/01/1988 - "Although the weight of evidence generally indicates that improved contracture rates with retropectoral placement of the prosthesis and excellent aesthetic results can be obtained with this approach, there remains a significant cadre of surgeons who believe their own retromammary results are equal to or better than the alternative. " 01/01/2005 - "Although surgical techniques and the quality of mammary prostheses have been improved significantly in recent years, capsular contracture attendant on prosthetic mammary reconstruction remains a major flaw. " 01/01/1987 - "We conclude that in this personal series of patients, subpectoral placement of the prosthesis has significantly reduced but not eliminated the occurrence of capsule contracture without sacrificing a normal breast appearance." 03/01/1978 - "Drainage with suction and the instillation of steroid around the prostheses seemed to be effective in reducing the incidence of capsular contracture. " 02/01/2001 - "The efficacy of breast prosthesis texturing in the prevention of capsular contracture has been established for about 20 years. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Skin Transplantation (Skin Grafting) 11/01/2009 - "This type of breast contracture can be successfully eliminated with the author-suggested, improved free-skin grafting technique. " 01/01/2007 - "Skin grafting is widely used for the treatment of postburn contractures. " 09/01/2009 - "The incidence of contractures and operative release in those with full-thickness grafting (FTG) versus split-skin grafting (SSG) was analyzed. " 07/01/2009 - "This technique allows releasing the contracture without skin grafting. " 05/01/2009 - "Three patients required secondary release of contractures and skin grafting. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	External Fixators 04/01/2004 - "Distraction with external fixator for contractures of proximal interphalangeal joints: good outcome in 10 cases." 05/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 1 mm of joint distraction per day followed by an in situ external fixator for 1 week may be safe and effective for the correction of chronic post-traumatic contractures of the PIP joint; however, similar studies on a larger group may be necessary before this technique could be recommended universally. " 09/01/2003 - "We have found the external fixator method to be helpful in treating severe, fixed and complex postburn contractures of hand where previous surgery had failed. " 01/01/2009 - "Methods: In this article, we describe a method (SALSAstand) to effectively elevate, offload, and protect the foot with an external fixation device, while also promoting flap healing, maintaining tendon correction, and limiting the tendon retraction and contracture that is commonly seen following a foot-salvage procedure in high-risk patients. " 05/01/2007 - "METHODS: The Mini-Orthofix external fixator was used to correct post-traumatic PIP joint contractures in 10 consecutive patients divided into 2 groups. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Breast Implants (Breast Implant) 06/01/2006 - "Numerous randomized controlled trials addressing the efficacy of textured surface breast implants in reducing capsular contracture have yielded nonuniform results. " 06/01/2006 - "Textured surface breast implants in the prevention of capsular contracture among breast augmentation patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 04/15/2003 - "A comparative, prospective, blinded, clinical study of implants and capsules removed from patients with or without significant capsular contracture was conducted to investigate the association of biofilm contamination, breast implants, and capsular contracture. " 03/01/2003 - "BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate long-term histological changes in the environment of breast implants and their correlation with complains at the time of capsular contracture defined by the Baker score. " 03/01/2001 - "Our results suggest that it is worthwhile working on a clinical study trying to prevent the most common complication of breast implants, contracture of a capsule." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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