Codon (Codons)

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

Also Known As:

Networked: 9139 relevant articles (90 outcomes, 978 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kitamoto, Tetsuyuki: 43 articles (01/2022 - 10/2002)
2.	Tsai, Fuu-Jen: 25 articles (04/2010 - 01/2002)
3.	Zerr, Inga: 24 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
4.	Parchi, Piero: 22 articles (10/2021 - 01/2003)
5.	Gambetti, Pierluigi: 20 articles (10/2021 - 12/2002)
6.	Bau, Da-Tian: 20 articles (09/2015 - 05/2007)
7.	Kobayashi, Atsushi: 19 articles (10/2021 - 01/2005)
8.	Ironside, James W: 19 articles (01/2020 - 11/2002)
9.	Hainaut, Pierre: 18 articles (04/2013 - 10/2002)
10.	Wei, Qingyi: 18 articles (08/2012 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2012 - "Twenty-six SNPs (11 non-synonymous and 14 synonymous) showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and two SNPs, in position 1039 and 1041 of cagE, showed a highly significant association with cancer (p-value = 2.07×10⁻⁶), and the variant codon was located in the VirB3 homology domain of Agrobacterium. " 06/01/2007 - "Two promoter regions showed statistically significant hypermethylation compared to healthy controls in ovarian tumors; more significantly in the region in the vicinity of Gli1-binding sites and less significantly in the region containing the ATG codon. " 06/01/2000 - "DNA sequences of RFLP variant 2 (associated with greatest OR for neoplasia) had a significantly greater usage of common mammalian codons compared with RFLP pattern 1 variants." 11/01/2011 - "In addition, relapsed patients with codon 13 mutations had markedly lower levels of tumor-infiltrating mature DC-LAMP(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and higher frequency of CD1a(+) cells compared with disease-free patients. " 01/01/2018 - "In the relationship between TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms and BC tumor stage in Asian group, positive results were presented in allele model: OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.04-2.72; dominant model: OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.08-5.61; heterozygous model: OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.04-5.14; homozygote model: OR=2.66, 95% CI=1.04-6.81. "
2.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 03/01/2008 - "A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. " 01/15/2006 - "A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. " 01/01/2018 - "Then, 18 studies were included that examine the association of TP53 codon 72 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk in Asians. " 01/01/2017 - "So the aim of the study is to determine whether there is an elevated risk of colorectal cancer development with TP53 codon 72 and CDH1 rs16260 genetic polymorphism in Bangladeshi population for the first time. " 02/01/2014 - "In the present study, we investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4938723 (T>C) in the promoter region of miR-34b/c and Arg72Pro (G>C) in codon 72 of TP53 are independently or complementarily associated with the risks and clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) and whether the combined effect of these SNPs and metabolic risk factors are related to CRC. "
3.	Infections 11/15/2017 - "Together with data from previous studies of goats exposed to infection in the field, these data support the previously reported observations that polymorphisms at this codon have a profound effect on susceptibility to disease. " 01/01/2014 - "Transgenic mouse studies have indicated that all codon 129 genotypes are susceptible to vCJD and that genotype may influence whether disease appears in a clinical or asymptomatic form, supported by the appearance of the first case of potential asymptomatic vCJD infection in a PRNP 129MV patient. " 11/01/2005 - "The roles of MBL and its gene (mbl2) polymorphisms, -221X/Y and codon 54A/B, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in this study. " 01/01/2004 - "In this study, we report that systemic infection of cowpea with the hybrid CCMV can be achieved by artificial codon changes that do not result in Lys or Arg. " 11/01/1992 - "To obtain sufficient material for the biochemical and biophysical study of pp60c-src, we have utilized a recombinant pp60c-src baculovirus lacking the myristoylation site at codon 2. On infection of Sf9 cells, this virus produced large amounts of soluble non-myristoylated pp60c-src. "
4.	Pancreatic Neoplasms (Pancreatic Cancer) 01/01/2021 - "To model human pancreatic cancer in pigs, Cre-driver lines were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated insertion of codon-improved Cre (iCre) into the porcine PTF1A gene, thus guaranteeing tissue and cell type specific function which was proven using dual fluorescent reporter pigs. " 11/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to establish a differential high-resolution melting analysis for the detection of K-ras codons 12 and 13 mutations in pancreatic cancer tissue. " 01/01/2006 - "This study suggests that some recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer may also be associated with K-ras codon 12 mutations. " 09/25/2003 - "Nine pancreatic cancer samples without a K-ras codon 12 mutation and 19 with a K-ras mutation were included in the study. " 03/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of a prospective follow-up of patients with CP and K-ras mutations at codon 12 in the detection of early pancreatic cancer. "
5.	Human Influenza (Influenza) 09/01/2014 - "Here, we have generated a recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) virus containing a codon-deoptimized NS segment that is attenuated in vivo yet retains immunogenicity and protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. " 06/01/2013 - "Thus, our study demonstrates the success of expressing a codon-optimized influenza A viral gene in L. " 02/01/2012 - "In this study, we performed computer simulations to evaluate the changes of selection potentials of codons in influenza A/H1N1 from 1999 to 2009. " 04/01/2007 - "[Study on the detection of positive selected codons on HA1 sequence of human influenza A subtype H3N2]." 01/01/2021 - "A Codon-Pair Bias Associated With Network Interactions in Influenza A, B, and C Genomes."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vaccines
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
3.	Codon (Codons)
4.	DNA Vaccines
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Proline (L-Proline)
7.	Amino Acids
8.	Serine (L-Serine)
9.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
10.	Arginine (L-Arginine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Radiotherapy
5.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy