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Coccidioidomycosis

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Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.

Also Known As:

Coccidioidomycoses

Networked: 428 relevant articles (47 outcomes, 33 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
- Mycoses: 932
  - Coccidioidomycosis: 428

Related Diseases

1.	Histoplasmosis
2.	Blastomycosis
3.	Infection
4.	Aspergillosis
5.	Mycoses (Diseases, Fungus)

Experts

1.	Ampel, Neil M: 11 articles (01/2010 - 09/2002)
2.	Blair, Janis E: 11 articles (12/2009 - 11/2004)
3.	Blair, J E: 7 articles (06/2007 - 11/2001)
4.	Pappagianis, Demosthenes: 6 articles (09/2007 - 09/2002)
5.	Wheat, L Joseph: 5 articles (10/2009 - 03/2007)
6.	Galgiani, John N: 5 articles (09/2009 - 03/2006)
7.	Ampel, N M: 5 articles (12/2001 - 04/2000)
8.	Johnson, Royce H: 4 articles (04/2008 - 01/2004)
9.	Hung, Chiung-Yu: 4 articles (12/2007 - 06/2003)
10.	Graybill, John R: 4 articles (12/2007 - 06/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Coccidioidomycosis:

1.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1992 - "Itraconazole, a tricyclic azole effective against a number of deep mycotic diseases, was used to treat a Quarter Horse filly with coccidioidomycosis. " 09/01/1990 - "PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the tolerance and efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. " 01/01/2010 - "We report 2 cases of coccidioidomycosis involving bone in children successfully treated with itraconazole oral solution. " 01/01/2010 - "Itraconazole treatment of nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis in children: two case reports and review of the literature." 10/01/1994 - "Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis treated with itraconazole." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "The therapeutic efficacy of three lipid formulations of amphotericin B was compared with that of conventional amphotericin B in treatment of murine coccidioidomycosis. " 02/01/1976 - "The methyl ester of amphotericin B was compared with the parent compound, amphotericin B, in terms of therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis and of toxicity. " 09/01/2007 - "Until this time amphotericin B and its lipid congeners have been regarded as the "gold standard" of therapy for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis. " 09/01/1991 - "Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion shows promise for the therapy of disseminated coccidioidomycosis and should be tested in other animal models and in humans." 05/24/1958 - "Disseminated coccidioidomycosis apparently cured with amphotericin B." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1995 - "Successful therapy of coccidioidomycosis of the knee with fluconazole." 01/01/1990 - "SDZ89-485 was more slowly absorbed, reaching a peak level in blood of 14 micrograms/ml at 12 to 15 h after a dose of 50 mg/kg. We conclude that SDZ89-485 is more effective than fluconazole as treatment for experimental systemic coccidioidomycosis in mice, even though fluconazole achieves higher peak levels in blood." 03/01/1995 - "CONCLUSION: Fluconazole 200 or 400 mg/d is well tolerated and a moderately effective treatment for chronic pulmonary or nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis. " 05/01/1990 - "Efficacy of SCH39304 and fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated coccidioidomycosis." 03/01/1990 - "We used fluconazole at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/day in an open trial for the treatment of patients with persistent coccidioidomycosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	AntigensIBA 01/01/1997 - "The recombinant antigen was also more effective in distinguishing the antibody levels in sera from patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis than in sera from those with disseminated disease. " 03/01/2007 - "RESULTS: The Histoplasma antigen test had positive results when urine samples from 11 (58%) of 19 patients who had acute or chronic coccidioidomycosis were tested. " 10/15/2008 - "BACKGROUND: We have previously shown antigenuria in patients with coccidioidomycosis through use of the Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and now we have developed a specific Coccidioides antigen EIA. " 10/15/2008 - "Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis with use of the Coccidioides antigen enzyme immunoassay." 09/01/2007 - "Finally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persons with disseminated coccidioidomycosis are able to respond to coccidioidal antigen when it is presented by a mature monocyte-derived IL-4-generated dendritic cell (DC). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1988 - "From these studies, it is concluded that ketoconazole in doses above those currently recommended offer little or no benefit for most patients with non-meningeal forms of coccidioidomycosis." 10/01/1983 - "All completed studies of ketoconazole treatment of human coccidioidomycosis have been non-comparative in design. " 07/01/1980 - "Treatment of coccidioidomycosis with ketoconazole: clinical and laboratory studies of 18 patients." 03/01/1995 - "Ketoconazole was the most common antifungal agent used to treat cats with coccidioidomycosis. " 11/01/1990 - "Of note, 3 patients developed coccidioidomycosis while receiving ketoconazole for other conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Antifungal AgentsIBA 09/01/2007 - "A number of studies addressing the efficacy of various antifungal agents have been performed, and the results of these studies as they pertain to skeletal coccidioidomycosis are summarized herein. " 05/01/2006 - "For the Finland lecture, I will briefly discuss the development of the Mycoses Study Group, provide an overview of the currently available antifungal agents, and describe advances and lessons related to the treatment and management of cryptococcal meningitis (the most common form of fungal meningitis), 3 important endemic mycoses (namely, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis), candidemia and invasive candidiasis (the most common forms of nosocomial fungal disease), and invasive aspergillosis (the most common form of invasive mould disease). " 12/01/2004 - "The treatment of choice for cutaneous coccidioidomycosis is currently oral azole antifungal agents, such as itraconazole 400 mg daily, continued for 6 months after clinical response. " 12/01/2004 - "We present 2 cases of septic shock associated with coccidioidomycosis that were successfully treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in combination with antifungal agents. " 02/01/2007 - "Posaconazole was licensed by the European Commission for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, fusariosis, mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis in adults who are refractory, or intolerant to other antifungal agents. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	deoxycholate drug combination amphotericin BIBA 12/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVES: The therapeutic efficacy of caspofungin alone and in combination with amphotericin B deoxycholate was evaluated in treatment of murine coccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/2007 - "Therapeutic efficacy of caspofungin alone and in combination with amphotericin B deoxycholate for coccidioidomycosis in a mouse model." 12/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that caspofungin has efficacy against systemic coccidioidomycosis in a murine model given in combination with amphotericin B deoxycholate." 09/01/1991 - "Comparative efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion and amphotericin B deoxycholate suspension in treatment of murine coccidioidomycosis." 10/01/2004 - "A 31-year-old Jamaican man with disseminated nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis that involved the spine, ribs, pelvis, liver, and spleen did not clinically respond to a prolonged course of both amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/2007 - "The prevalence of coccidioidal antibodies was low among potential organ donor candidates, but the risk of donor-derived coccidioidomycosis remains unknown and further study is warranted." 04/01/2009 - "Serologic detection of coccidioidomycosis antibodies in northeast Brazil." 09/01/2007 - "Humoral antibodies can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/1998 - "Of 18 patients with primary self-limited coccidioidomycosis, none had detectable antibodies in serum samples collected up to 141 days after illness began. " 08/01/1997 - "The prevalence of antibodies to the A19-96 domain was evaluated in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of sera from 28 coccidioidomycosis patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	posaconazole FDA Link 09/01/2007 - "Although this study was limited by the number of patients enrolled, it clearly demonstrates that posaconazole shows promise in the treatment of patients with coccidioidomycosis and warrants additional investigation in a full-scale clinical trial." 09/01/2007 - "Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of posaconazole therapy in patients with nonmeningeal disseminated or chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis." 09/01/2007 - "METHODS: Twenty patients with chronic pulmonary or nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis were enrolled in a multicenter trial to study the safety and tolerability of posaconazole therapy, with efficacy as a secondary end point. " 01/01/2009 - "Successful treatment of relapsing disseminated coccidioidomycosis with cutaneous involvement with posaconazole." 09/01/2007 - "The success rate (73%) achieved in this case series suggests that oral posaconazole should be considered as an important agent for the treatment of refractory coccidioidomycosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	CoccidioidinIBA 05/01/2001 - "MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prevalence of skin reactivity to coccidioidin in a population sample of 1651 subjects in a coccidioidomycosis endemic zone was estimated using a transversal design. " 05/01/1988 - "The development of an appropriate host defense in coccidioidomycosis is predicated on the presence of a positive delayed skin test reaction to coccidioidin. " 12/27/1982 - "These results support the continued use of coccidioidin to evaluate the need for therapy in diabetic subjects who have coccidioidomycosis. " 04/01/1980 - "Counterimmunoelectrophoresis employing coccidioidin in serologic testing for coccidioidomycosis." 11/01/1976 - "The in vitro lymphocyte responses of children who had evidence of an inflammatory process (Group I) were compared with those of children who had calcific densities (Group II); those of children who were coccidioidin skin test negative and had normal chest roentgenograms (Group III); and those of patients who had active coccidioidomycosis (Group IV). " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Salvage Therapy 12/15/2007 - "Limited clinical experience suggests efficacy for the treatment of infections due to Zygomycetes and as salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis and coccidioidomycosis. " 08/01/2008 - "In addition, it has been licensed for use in oropharyngeal candidiasis and for salvage therapy in invasive aspergillosis, fusariosis, coccidioidomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. " 06/15/2005 - "METHODS: We report the outcomes of 6 patients with coccidioidomycosis who were treated with posaconazole salvage therapy after treatment with conventional antifungal therapies failed to produce sustained clinical improvement. " 04/01/2009 - "In a retrospective review of 24 patients with histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, or coccidioidomycosis treated with voriconazole (most for salvage therapy), the outcome was favorable (improved or stable) for 22 (95.8%) within 2 months of starting voriconazole and for 20 (83.3%) at the last follow-up. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 08/01/2008 - "This review summarizes recent findings of studies and case reports about coccidioidomycosis in transplant recipients. " 12/01/2009 - "SUMMARY: Transplant recipients who travel to or reside part-time or full-time in endemic areas are at risk for both primary and reactivated coccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/2009 - "RECENT FINDINGS: With preemptive screening, heightened awareness, and targeted prophylaxis, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis in transplant recipients has decreased to 1-3% in endemic areas. " 12/01/2009 - "We provide clinical, diagnostic, and management approaches for clinicians in nonendemic areas who might encounter coccidioidomycosis in transplant recipients. " 12/01/2009 - "Coccidioidomycosis in transplant recipients: a primer for clinicians in nonendemic areas." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Euthanasia (Mercy Killing) 03/01/1990 - "The present studies suggest that fluconazole may be effective treatment in primates with coccidioidomycosis and that euthanasia is no longer necessary. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2006 - "We sought to determine the impact of coccidioidomycosis on patients who received their renal transplant at our hospital in Phoenix, Arizona. " 12/01/2005 - "Clinical coccidioidomycosis, which is caused by Coccidioides species, has been well characterized in patients who have had solid organ transplants, but it has rarely been described in patients who have received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). " 11/01/2003 - "Herein, we report 2 cases of rapidly fatal, disseminated coccidioidomycosis that occurred in organ transplant recipients who had never lived in or visited an area where C. " 11/01/2003 - "Donor-related coccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipients." 12/01/2001 - "Coccidioidomycosis is the most common endemic mycosis to cause disease in solid-organ transplant patients in North America. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Kidney Transplantation 02/01/2006 - "Coccidioidomycosis after renal transplantation in an endemic area." 03/01/2000 - "Multi-organ failure caused by reactivated coccidioidomycosis without dissemination in a patient with renal transplantation." 03/01/1982 - "The potential risk of coccidioidomycosis has led to concern about the advisability of maintaining renal transplantation programs in endemic areas. " 06/01/1977 - "Coccidioidomycosis and renal transplantation." 07/01/1971 - "Disseminated coccidioidomycosis associated with immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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