Clozapine (Clozaril)

A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.

Also Known As:

Networked: 6662 relevant articles (904 outcomes, 1268 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Meltzer, Herbert Y: 75 articles (01/2021 - 03/2002)
2.	Correll, Christoph U: 56 articles (06/2022 - 01/2007)
3.	MacCabe, James H: 55 articles (07/2022 - 07/2010)
4.	Remington, Gary: 54 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
5.	Kane, John M: 49 articles (03/2022 - 01/2002)
6.	de Leon, Jose: 45 articles (05/2022 - 02/2003)
7.	Lieberman, Jeffrey A: 45 articles (01/2019 - 02/2002)
8.	Kelly, Deanna L: 42 articles (03/2022 - 03/2003)
9.	Siskind, Dan: 42 articles (03/2022 - 02/2015)
10.	Taylor, David: 41 articles (12/2022 - 09/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 12/01/2007 - "The study of anatomic and functional brain variables associated with clozapine response in schizophrenia may help to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from clozapine treatment. " 01/01/1992 - "Clinical studies have shown clozapine to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia and associated with an extremely low incidence of extrapiramidal side effects. " 11/01/1990 - "Clinical studies have shown clozapine to be effective in suppressing both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to be associated with an extremely low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. " 09/01/2013 - "Our data, although preliminary, suggest that clozapine may have a slightly superior efficacy in the initial year of treatment of first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia, and this can be explained for the most part by greater adherence to this treatment. " 03/01/2013 - "Clozapine is the most effective treatment of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. "
2.	Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia 01/01/2023 - "Clozapine is the most effective treatment for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. " 05/12/2022 - "Clozapine is a highly effective medication used in management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. " 01/01/2022 - "Clozapine is a unique atypical anti-psychotic agent with best efficacy for treatment resistant schizophrenia compared to other agents, but with increased metabolic adverse effects. " 05/01/2021 - "Clozapine is the most effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. " 01/01/2021 - "Despite clozapine being the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), a clear explanation as to why it is underutilized and why its initiation is delayed remains unclear. "
3.	Psychotic Disorders (Schizoaffective Disorder) 04/28/2023 - "Clozapine is the most effective medication for treatment-resistant psychosis, but evidence points to substantial underuse, especially within early intervention psychosis (EIP) services. " 01/01/2010 - "Clozapine is the most effective treatment for patients with refractory psychotic disorders and is also effective for reducing suicidal and violent behavior in this same population. " 12/01/2023 - "Up to 30% of patients with a diagnosis of treatment-resistant psychosis remain symptomatic despite an optimal trial with the gold standard treatment, clozapine. " 03/01/1998 - "Clozapine is an important therapeutic agent for older adults with treatment-refractory psychosis. " 01/01/2016 - "Clozapine was inevitably discontinued resulting in a significant reduction of the intrusive thoughts without emergence of psychosis or adverse events. "
4.	Agranulocytosis (Granulocytopenia) 01/01/2021 - "Clozapine, though beneficial in reducing the need for hospitalization, rehabilitation, and health care costs, is known as a drug of last resort due to its potential adverse event of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis, which holds a case fatality rate between 4.2 and 16%. " 03/01/1995 - "Presented here is a case of clozapine overdose treated successfully with supportive care in which agranulocytosis did not develop." 03/01/2018 - "Despite its therapeutic efficacy, clozapine is associated with several adverse effects, including agranulocytosis. " 09/14/2006 - "Thus functional data derived from the in vitro stromal system defined in these studies may enable further investigation of the mechanisms subserving stromal impairment in clozapine-induced agranulocytosis and direct attention to improved methods for its prevention." 09/01/1994 - "Due to the risk of agranulocytosis, clozapine cannot yet be considered a first-choice treatment for psychotic symptoms, but many studies indicate it to be helpful with a wide variety of treatment-resistant ones."
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 04/01/1994 - "These findings confirm the substantial antitremor efficacy of Clozapine in Parkinson's disease." 12/01/2014 - "Considering the high frequency of persons with Parkinson's disease among clozapine users, further studies have to be performed in this population." 12/01/2014 - "Clozapine use pattern in persons with and without treatment for Parkinson's disease in real-world conditions: a naturalistic study in a community-based sample." 06/01/2007 - "In this study we obtained blood and hair samples from 12 grey haired patients treated with low-dose clozapine as an adjunct medication in their treatment against Parkinson disease. " 11/11/2023 - "Clozapine is an important drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)
2.	Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
3.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)
4.	Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel)
5.	Haloperidol (Haldol)
6.	Aripiprazole (Abilify)
7.	ziprasidone (Geodon)
8.	Paliperidone Palmitate
9.	Lithium
10.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Polypharmacy
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Drug Tapering