Invasive Hydatidiform Mole (Invasive Mole)

A uterine tumor derived from persistent gestational TROPHOBLASTS, most likely after a molar pregnancy (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE). Invasive hyadatiform mole develops in about 15% of patients after evacuation of a complete mole and less frequently after other types of gestation. It may perforate the MYOMETRIUM and erode uterine vessels causing hemorrhage.

Also Known As:

Invasive Mole; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Chorioadenomas; Hydatidiform Moles, Invasive; Invasive Hydatidiform Moles; Invasive Moles; Mole, Invasive; Mole, Invasive Hydatidiform; Moles, Invasive; Moles, Invasive Hydatidiform; Chorioadenoma

Networked: 209 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 15 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Choriocarcinoma
2.	Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
3.	Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Trophoblastic Neoplasms, Gestational)
4.	Trophoblastic Neoplasms (Trophoblastic Tumor)
5.	Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

Experts

1.	Xie, Xing: 4 articles (07/2011 - 08/2003)
2.	Xiang, Yang: 4 articles (09/2005 - 08/2003)
3.	Bozić, M: 3 articles (02/2007 - 10/2004)
4.	Vićovac, Lj: 3 articles (02/2007 - 10/2004)
5.	Wan, Xi-run: 3 articles (09/2005 - 08/2003)
6.	Yang, Xiu-yu: 3 articles (09/2005 - 08/2003)
7.	Borbely, Alexandre U: 2 articles (04/2019 - 04/2014)
8.	Daher, Silvia: 2 articles (04/2019 - 04/2014)
9.	Sun, Sue Y: 2 articles (04/2019 - 04/2014)
10.	Martaadisoebrata, Djamhoer: 2 articles (07/2015 - 11/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Invasive Hydatidiform Mole:

1.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "Included were studies that investigated the clinical usefulness and efficacy of these imaging methods in the diagnosis of invasive mole as a visual confirmation of the diagnosis based on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and histology. " 03/01/2006 - "In the first two molar events no additional treatment after evacuation was required, but in the last event, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels increased and an invasive mole was suspected. " 05/01/1994 - "In this case, the appearance or disappearance of vascular changes induced by invasive mole corresponded with serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) titer. " 01/01/1992 - "There was also no significant difference in the duration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) negative conversion in patients without invasive mole between the two groups. " 10/01/2013 - "A consensus has formed that patients with invasive moles should continue with one to three cycles of chemotherapy after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels have decreased to a normal level. "
2.	4-O-carboxymethylascochlorinIBA 04/01/1998 - "Our work was begun in 1949, through many yera's effort, several chemicals (such as 6 MP, 5 FU and others) were found to be effective for the treatment of choriocarcinoma (C.C.) and invasive mole (I.M.). " 04/01/1998 - "through many yera's effort, several chemicals (such as 6 MP, 5 FU and others) were found to be effective for the treatment of choriocarcinoma (C.C.) and invasive mole (I.M.). "
3.	Oral ContraceptivesIBA 01/01/1991 - "Relative to women who had never used oral contraceptives, the estimated relative risk of choriocarcinoma for women who had used oral contraceptives for at least 5 years was 6.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 28); for invasive mole and hydatidiform mole, the relative risks were elevated but not statistically significant. " 08/01/1977 - "Pregnancy associated alpha2-glycoprotein (PAAG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) levels were studied in a patient with an invasive mole who was being treated with cytotoxic drugs and oral contraceptives. " 04/01/1985 - "We conclude that this study provides no evidence that the use of estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives prior to human chorionic gonadotropin remission increases the risk for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma following molar pregnancy. "
4.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/1981 - "Dissociation between hydatidiform mole (HM) and chorioadenoma destruens (CA) was attempted by gas chromatographic analysis of urinary steroids. " 10/01/1981 - "Dissociation of chorioadenoma destruens from hydatidiform mole by urinary steroid analysis." 05/01/1998 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using steroid hormone antagonists tamoxifen and Ru486 for chemotherapy or chemoprevention of choriocarcinoma or other less malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) such as invasive mole. "
5.	Mifepristone (RU 486)FDA Link 05/01/1998 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using steroid hormone antagonists tamoxifen and Ru486 for chemotherapy or chemoprevention of choriocarcinoma or other less malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) such as invasive mole. "
6.	Tamoxifen FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1998 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using steroid hormone antagonists tamoxifen and Ru486 for chemotherapy or chemoprevention of choriocarcinoma or other less malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) such as invasive mole. "
7.	Progestins (Progestagens)IBA 04/01/1985 - " The authors conclude that this study provides no evidence that the use of estrogen-progestogen OCs prior to hCG remission increases the risk for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma following molar pregnancy." 04/01/1985 - "We conclude that this study provides no evidence that the use of estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives prior to human chorionic gonadotropin remission increases the risk for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma following molar pregnancy. "
8.	Hormone AntagonistsIBA 05/01/1998 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using steroid hormone antagonists tamoxifen and Ru486 for chemotherapy or chemoprevention of choriocarcinoma or other less malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) such as invasive mole. "
9.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 04/01/1985 - " The authors conclude that this study provides no evidence that the use of estrogen-progestogen OCs prior to hCG remission increases the risk for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma following molar pregnancy." 04/01/1985 - "We conclude that this study provides no evidence that the use of estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives prior to human chorionic gonadotropin remission increases the risk for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma following molar pregnancy. "
10.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "Ultrasound-guided local injection of methotrexate to treat an invasive hydatidiform mole." 03/01/1977 - "Invasive mole and tumours where a histological diagnosis has not been made and where there is no particularly unfavourable prognosis, usually heal with twice weekly methotrexate carried on for two months after cure has been confirmed clinically, radiologically and biologically. " 06/01/1964 - "[SUPPLEMENTARY TREATMENT OF CHORIOEPITHELIOMA AND INVASIVE MOLE BY METHOTREXATE]." 12/01/1994 - "A lesion of the lung was interpreted as a metastatic lesion following malignant transformation of the invasive hydatidiform mole and disappeared under cytotoxic therapy containing methotrexate with an uneventful follow-up period of now 4 years. " 03/01/1977 - "In cases of invasive mole and tumors where a histological diagnosis has not been made, and where a definite unfavorable prognosis is not evident, a twice weekly administration of methotrexate for a 2-month period after the cure has been clinically, radiologically, and biologically confirmed usually heals the formations. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2004 - "Thirty-seven patients, who were enrolled in the study with invasive mole, were assessed with the help of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound before and after chemotherapy. " 11/02/2023 - "Unlike common site of invasive hydatidiform mole, mono-chemotherapy may be insufficient for cornual invasive hydatidiform mole. " 01/01/2021 - "With a diagnosis of invasive moles, the patient was administered chemotherapy. " 03/01/2020 - "These patients were monitored by serum β-HCG, while one twin pregnancy with complete mole suffered invasive mole and received chemotherapy. " 10/01/2018 - "Out of 3 patients who had developed invasive moles, 1 got pregnant after chemotherapy. "
2.	Hysterectomy 01/01/2023 - "Hysterectomy can be considered safe and effective in treating invasive mole patients. " 01/01/2023 - "This study was carried out at the Tu Du Hospital, where a total of 189 patients were diagnosed with invasive mole based on histologic examination by hysterectomy between 01/2016 to 12/2020. " 01/01/2023 - "Clinical evaluation of hysterectomy for the treatment of invasive mole in Southern Vietnam." 10/01/1999 - "Trophoblastic pulmonary embolization can occur following abdominal hysterectomy for invasive mole as well as after molar evacuation and should be considered part of the differential diagnosis if patients present postoperatively with acute respiratory distress." 11/01/1993 - "Invasive moles have been difficult to diagnose except at hysterectomy. "
3.	Therapeutics 01/01/1983 - "In a study of the usefulness of the markers in following therapy of trophoblastic disease, these markers were determined in women with incipient invasive hydatidiform mole. " 06/01/2004 - "More than 3 years have passed since the final systemic MTX therapy, and the patient's serum betahCG levels continue to be less than 0.1 ng/mL. An invasive mole can be treated with an ultrasound-guided local injection of MTX in addition to the established systemic MTX treatment." 02/01/1984 - "Invasive mole: No significant change was observed in the cellular immunity, but humoral suppressive factors increased gradually as the therapies proceeded. " 10/01/1983 - "In patients with hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and undetermined cases, the urinary hCG level declined to be normal range following the therapy and stayed there afterwards without any sign of recurrence. " 02/01/1956 - "[Experience with diagnosis and therapy of chorioadenoma destruens (mola destruens)]."
4.	Chemoprevention 05/01/1998 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using steroid hormone antagonists tamoxifen and Ru486 for chemotherapy or chemoprevention of choriocarcinoma or other less malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) such as invasive mole. "
5.	Curettage 06/15/2021 - "CONCLUSIONS Invasive moles can develop less than 1 month after suction evacuation and curettage procedure for CHM. " 10/01/2003 - "In cases of invasive mole, the role of repeated mechanical interference in the form of check curettage needs further evaluation." 10/01/2003 - "17 out of 21 invasive moles (80.9%) were found with multiple abortions and mechanical interference in form of check curettage, which probably implicates repeated mechanical interference in the conversion of a mole into an invasive one. " 08/01/1989 - "Since the possibility of intercurrent pregnancy was lowered by the presence of a intrauterine device, we assumed that trophoblastic transformation into an invasive mole adopted a sort of dormant period before its resurge (resurrection) independently either from curettage of chemotherapy." 04/01/1977 - "Many cases of hydatidiform mole and all cases of invasive mole showed a repeat rise of the HCG titres after curettage. "