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Chorea (Rheumatic Chorea)

Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.

Also Known As:

Rheumatic Chorea; Chorea, Rheumatic; Chorea, Sydenham; Sydenham Chorea; Choreas; Chorea Disorders; Chorea Syndromes; Chorea, Benign Hereditary; Chorea, Chronic Progressive; Chorea, Senile; Choreatic Syndromes; Choreic Movement; Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal; Hereditary Chorea; Paroxysmal Dyskinesias; Senile Chorea; St. Vitus's Dance; Sydenham's Chorea; Benign Hereditary Chorea; Benign Hereditary Choreas; Chorea Disorder; Chorea Syndrome; Chorea, Hereditary; Chorea, Sydenham's; Choreas, Benign Hereditary; Choreas, Chronic Progressive; Choreas, Hereditary; Choreas, Rheumatic; Choreas, Senile; Choreas, Sydenham; Choreatic Disorder; Choreatic Syndrome; Choreic Movements; Choreiform Movements; Chronic Progressive Chorea; Chronic Progressive Choreas; Dance, St. Vitus's; Dances, St. Vitus's; Disorder, Chorea; Disorder, Choreatic; Disorders, Chorea; Disorders, Choreatic; Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal; Hereditary Chorea, Benign; Hereditary Choreas; Hereditary Choreas, Benign; Movement, Choreic; Movement, Choreiform; Movements, Choreic; Movements, Choreiform; Paroxysmal Dyskinesia; Progressive Chorea, Chronic; Progressive Choreas, Chronic; Rheumatic Choreas; Senile Choreas; St. Vitus Dance; St. Vitus's Dances; St. Vituss Dance; Sydenham Choreas; Sydenhams Chorea; Syndrome, Chorea; Syndrome, Choreatic; Syndromes, Chorea; Syndromes, Choreatic; Vitus's Dance, St.; Vitus's Dances, St.; Choreatic Disorders; Choreiform Movement

Networked: 808 relevant articles (59 outcomes, 49 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chorea (Rheumatic Chorea)
2.	Huntington Disease (Huntington's Disease)
3.	Dystonia (Limb Dystonia)
4.	Dyskinesias (Dyskinesia)
5.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism)

Experts

1.	Cardoso, Francisco: 9 articles (05/2008 - 11/2003)
2.	Giovannoni, G: 8 articles (01/2007 - 11/2001)
3.	Zesiewicz, Theresa A: 7 articles (03/2008 - 06/2005)
4.	Sullivan, Kelly L: 7 articles (03/2008 - 06/2005)
5.	Hauser, Robert A: 7 articles (03/2008 - 06/2005)
6.	Richter, Angelika: 7 articles (10/2005 - 11/2002)
7.	Jankovic, Joseph: 6 articles (05/2008 - 11/2002)
8.	Jenner, Peter: 5 articles (12/2006 - 09/2002)
9.	Dale, R C: 5 articles (07/2004 - 11/2001)
10.	Church, A J: 5 articles (07/2004 - 11/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chorea:

1.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1996 - "Sodium valproate, whenever used, was effective in controlling the chorea." 09/01/1985 - "Valproic acid is proposed as an effective treatment for severe cases of Sydenham chorea." 09/01/2004 - "Valproic acid is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of Sydenham's chorea." 04/01/1988 - "Efficacy of valproic acid in the treatment of Sydenham's chorea." 07/01/1987 - "Efficacy of valproic acid in the treatment of Sydenham's chorea." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "All affected individuals presented slowly progressive choreic movements in their upper and lower extremities, trunk and head with an age of onset ranging from 40 to 66 (average 54.3), which were markedly improved by haloperidol. " 10/01/1989 - "However, haloperidol reduction in the chorea scores was significantly greater in 3 patients, while there was no difference in 2 other cases. " 10/01/1989 - "Though improvement in chorea scores over baseline values was greater under TBZ (46.3 +/- 23.4) than haloperidol (28.6 +/- 47.7), the difference did not reach statistical significance (Student t tests). " 03/01/2001 - "His chorea responded to haloperidol but encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis on the right side improved all symptoms. " 01/01/2002 - "Haloperidol rapidly resolved the choreic movements and no recurrence was observed. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 06/14/2005 - "Surprisingly, treatment with levodopa improved gait dramatically and reduced chorea in two patients. " 06/01/1991 - "We conclude that any patient with levodopa-associated chorea who cannot be regulated on the basis of observation alone should be studied with simultaneous plasma levodopa measurements and clinical monitoring to detect an unusual plasma levodopa pattern that may be improved by adjustment of dosing schedule." 06/01/1999 - "All of the patients also had severe diphasic and peak-dose chorea, so that it was possible to study the effect of high-frequency stimulation on the different types of levodopa-induced dyskinaesias. " 05/01/2006 - "Twelve patients developed severe levodopa induced chorea. " 06/14/2005 - "A novel TITF-1 mutation causes benign hereditary chorea with response to levodopa." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2000 - "We suggest that carbamazepine may serve as a first-line treatment for rheumatic chorea." 01/01/2007 - "We present a case of rheumatic chorea, in which carbamazepine therapy produced excellent clinical response." 01/01/2007 - "[Sydenham's chorea: report of a case treated with carbamazepine with excellent clinical response]" 12/21/2006 - "They also share features with paroxysmal dyskinesia and carbamazepine markedly ameliorated the symptoms at least in one patient. " 11/01/2003 - "We also report an excellent response to carbamazepine in subthalamic paroxysmal dyskinesias." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	etiracetam (levetiracetam)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "Side effects from levetiracetam resolved completely within 7 days of levetiracetam discontinuation, and chorea returned to baseline." 06/01/2005 - "The chorea improved markedly with the use of levetiracetam (LEV, Keppra)." 01/01/2006 - "Treatment of chorea with levetiracetam." 01/01/2005 - "Levetiracetam in the treatment of vascular chorea: a case report." 11/01/2006 - "The objective of this study is to evaluate the tolerability and preliminary efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in reducing chorea in Huntington's disease (HD) patients in a prospective open-label pilot study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2003 - "Despite medication with a dopamine antagonist, choreiform movement of the left limb had not improved, and the patient complained of rigidity and slowness of ambulation owing to the side effects of the medicine. " 03/01/1979 - "It is suggested that increased dopamine metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of Sydenham's chorea and that the determination of urinary HVA and the HVA:VMA ratio may be helpful in establishing this diagnosis. " 01/01/2007 - "This review emphasizes the advantage of TBZ over dopamine-depleting compounds used in the treatment of chorea and reveals its clinical efficacy and side effects." 06/01/2004 - "Striatal increase of extracellular dopamine levels during dystonic episodes in a genetic model of paroxysmal dyskinesia." 01/01/1993 - "Roles of dopamine and its receptors in generation of choreic movements." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Tetrabenazine (Nitoman)FDA Link 01/01/2009 - "Only tetrabenazine showed a clear efficacy for the control of chorea. " 11/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVES: To enhance the knowledge on the long-term efficacy and safety of tetrabenazine (TBZ) in managing chorea. " 06/01/2003 - "Tetrabenazine in the treatment of severe pediatric chorea." 01/01/1992 - "We demonstrate that tetrabenazine is a valuable additional symptomatic treatment for choreic movements in one of our patients. " 05/28/1977 - "Tetrabenazine in Sydenham's chorea." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2006 - "Chorea complete remission time with prednisone (mean 54.3 days) was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) when compared with the placebo group (mean 119.9 days). " 04/01/2006 - "Although initial chorea intensity was similar in both groups, a significant difference was observed after 1 week of medication (P < 0.001) with a larger reduction in the prednisone group, that continued until the end of the study. " 04/01/2006 - "In this randomized, double-blind, parallel study of a group of 22 children and teenagers, prednisone efficacy in acute Sydenham's chorea was assessed. " 12/01/2007 - "Prednisone treatment may lead to a shortened course of chorea (4.0 weeks in prednisone-treated [n = 32] vs 9.0 weeks in untreated [n = 14]; P < .0001). " 04/01/2006 - "Percentage decrease in chorea intensity scale score also was persistently and significantly (P < 0.001) greater in the prednisone group. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: This article reports a case of chorea in an elderly patient who was receiving gabapentin for the treatment of anxiety. " 08/01/2009 - "The chorea lasted for ~4 months and resolved within 2 days after gabapentin discontinuation. " 08/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to report a case of chorea that developed in an elderly man being treated with gabapentin for severe anxiety. " 08/01/2009 - "Chorea associated with gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, has not been well documented. " 08/01/2009 - "Chorea associated with gabapentin use in an elderly man." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)IBA 10/03/2005 - "In the dtsz mutant hamster, a model of paroxysmal dyskinesia in which dystonic episodes occur in response to stress, previous studies suggested that retarded development of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition plays a critical role in the pathogenesis. " 10/03/2005 - "These data suggest that GABA uptake inhibitors may provide novel therapeutic approaches for paroxysmal dyskinesias." 12/01/1989 - "However, a loss of GABA in the nigra does not always correlate with the generation of choreic movements. " 09/01/1989 - "Chorea and ballism are assumed to be caused by hypofunction of the GABA-neurons in the basal ganglia. " 01/01/1977 - "Our results confirm a DA/GABA interaction in the pathogenesis of degenerative chorea." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/1987 - "Two were young patients whose chorea developed long after treatment had been started and disappeared soon after it had been discontinued. " 06/01/1997 - "We report a 56-year-old man with Huntington's disease whose chorea substantially improved after treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). " 06/01/1996 - "The chorea resolved within 2 days after treatment of the hyperglycemia in 9 patients. " 09/01/1987 - "[Thirteen-year-old girl presenting chorea after treatment of hyperthyroidism]" 02/01/1973 - "[Primary myasthenia gravis after treatment of chorea minor]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Pallidotomy 06/25/1962 - "[Electromyographical analysis of the choreic movements and effect of pallidotomy.]" 07/01/1952 - "Thalamotomy and pallidotomy in chorea." 01/01/1952 - "Thalamotomy and pallidotomy for treatment of choreic movements." 11/01/2007 - "The rate model cannot explain the improvement of ballismus and chorea by pallidotomy because pallidotomy increases the disinhibition of the thalamocortical projection, which should increase the movements. " 01/01/2007 - "The rate model cannot explain the improvement of ballismus and chorea by pallidotomy because pallidotomy increases the disinhibition of the thalamocortical projection, which should increase the movements. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Radiotherapy 01/01/1988 - "Chorea of her left arm subsided with progressing disease while remission of right-sided segmental dystonia was observed following radiotherapy of the brain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Injections 10/01/1988 - "Injections into either the lateral segment of the globus pallidus, or the medial part of the putamen, gave rise to chorea of the contralateral limbs and/or orofacial region. " 01/01/1948 - "[Treatment of chorea in children with sulphur injections.]" 12/01/1974 - "Letter: Choreiform movements after depot injections of flupenthixol." 07/01/1974 - "Letter: Choreiform movements after depot injections of flupenthixol." 10/01/1988 - "The chorea produced by lateral pallidal or medial putaminal injections was virtually indistinguishable from the dyskinesia (chorea/ballism) which has been shown, in previous studies, to be induced by injection of GABA antagonists into the subthalamic nucleus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Deep Brain Stimulation 05/01/2004 - "Senile chorea treated by deep brain stimulation: a clinical, neurophysiological and functional imaging study." 07/01/2008 - "Chronic deep brain stimulation resulted in remarkable improvement of choreic movements. " 05/01/2004 - "We report on a patient with senile chorea, treated with deep brain stimulation of the left globus pallidus internus and subsequently the left ventralis oralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus. " 09/01/2003 - "Some children with chorea respond to deep brain stimulation. " 05/01/2001 - "Deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum did not improve chorea in a patient with neuro-acanthocytosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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