Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 162 relevant articles (15 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure
2.	Central Sleep Apnea (Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
3.	Obstructive Sleep Apnea
4.	Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Sleep Apnea)
5.	Apnea

Experts

1.	Oldenburg, Olaf: 12 articles (11/2017 - 01/2011)
2.	Horstkotte, Dieter: 11 articles (01/2017 - 01/2011)
3.	Bitter, Thomas: 10 articles (01/2017 - 01/2011)
4.	Fox, Henrik: 7 articles (01/2017 - 10/2014)
5.	Yasuma, Fumihiko: 7 articles (01/2013 - 10/2004)
6.	Giannoni, Alberto: 6 articles (01/2019 - 05/2009)
7.	Spießhöfer, Jens: 6 articles (01/2018 - 05/2014)
8.	Emdin, Michele: 5 articles (01/2019 - 05/2009)
9.	Passino, Claudio: 5 articles (01/2019 - 05/2009)
10.	Arzt, Michael: 4 articles (06/2021 - 07/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cheyne-Stokes Respiration:

1.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 05/01/1996 - "Oxygen is an effective treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration and should improve exercise capacity in these patients. " 10/01/2018 - "Hence, it is our conclusion that a dynamic approach to analyse desaturation of oxygen during Cheyne-Stokes respiration is to be strongly favoured over a static approach to analysis." 03/01/2002 - "Novel therapeutic approaches have been attempted in order to treat Cheyne-Stokes respiration; they include oxygen delivery, various pharmaceutical treatments aimed to stabilize the ventilatory system and other pharmaceutical treatments aimed to improve the left ventricular ejection fraction. " 03/01/1998 - "Breathing oxygen during the night for 1 week increased the basal nocturnal oxygen saturation from 92.5% +/- 1.6% to 96.5% +/- 0.9% (P < 0.000,01) and reduced Cheyne-Stokes respiration. " 05/01/1996 - "Nocturnal oxygen significantly reduced the duration of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (162 +/- 142 vs. 88 +/- 105 min [mean +/- SD]; p < 0.005). "
2.	Theophylline (Theon)FDA LinkGeneric 03/02/1999 - "After infusion of 2.4 mg of theophylline (serum level, 11.6 microg/mL), Cheyne-Stokes respiration resolved completely. " 07/01/2014 - "These observations suggest a potent hypotensive action of oral theophylline via Cheyne-Stokes respiration with CSA elimination. " 03/02/1999 - "Cheyne-Stokes respiration did not recur during outpatient treatment with oral theophylline. " 03/02/1999 - "To describe the effect of theophylline on near-fatal Cheyne-Stokes respiration. " 11/02/1999 - "Theophylline therapy for near-fatal Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
3.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1986 - "[A case of Cheyne-Stokes respiration--a mechanism of ventilatory control and the effect of acetazolamide]." 08/15/2006 - "Long-term efficacy of acetazolamide on Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure." 06/01/2011 - "Effect of acetazolamide on chemosensitivity, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and response to effort in patients with heart failure." 02/01/1976 - "However, comparision of electrophysiological data, external respiration indices, of the acid-base balance, pO2 and pCO2 of arterial blood demonstrated that, preventing development of pathological Cheyne-Stokes respiration under conditions of hypoxia, inactivation of carboanhydrase with diamox caused dissociation of the thoracic and abdominal respiration and dyspnea. "
4.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)IBA 05/01/2014 - "Our findings demonstrate that the increased CBC sensitivity, respiratory instability, and cardiac arrhythmias observed in CHF are ameliorated by statin treatment and suggest that statins may be an effective treatment for Cheyne-Stokes respiration and arrhythmias in patient populations with high chemoreflex sensitivity. "
5.	GasesIBA 11/29/2017 - "Type of SDB (OSA, CSA, or OSA-CSA), the occurrence of periodic breathing (proportion of Cheyne-Stokes respiration ≥20%), and blood gases were determined in 1557 HFrEF patients with confirmed SDB. " 10/01/1997 - "It is not possible to explain Cheyne-Stokes respiration by alterations in blood gases and circulatory time alone. " 10/01/1969 - "Cerebral venous and arterial blood gases during Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 10/01/1997 - "Because cardiovascular disorders and stroke may induce Cheyne-Stokes respiration, our purpose was to study the interaction among cerebral activity, cerebral circulation, blood pressure, and blood gases during Cheyne-Stokes respiration. " 01/01/2019 - "Background The contribution of the lung or the plant gain ( PG ; ie, change in blood gases per unit change in ventilation) to Cheyne-Stokes respiration ( CSR ) in heart failure has only been hypothesized by mathematical models, but never been directly evaluated. "
6.	Temazepam (Nocturne)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1993 - "We studied seven male patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure (CHF) [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = 22.4 +/- 6.7; mean +/- SD] in a double-blind crossover trial to determine the effects of temazepam 15 mg on arousability, sleep architecture, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and nighttime oxygen saturation. " 09/01/1993 - "Benzodiazepines in congestive heart failure: effects of temazepam on arousability and Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
7.	N-(4-aminophenethyl)spiroperidol (NAPS)IBA 01/01/1986 - "To study this hypothesis, 6 nonobese patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration lacking evidence for sleep apnea syndrome and anatomic upper airway abnormalities underwent polysomnography during daytime naps. "
8.	Carbon DioxideIBA 04/01/2015 - "In patients with heart failure (HF), Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is characterized by chronic hyperventilation (HV) with low arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). " 08/01/1998 - "Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with nasal oxygen and carbon dioxide." 01/01/1995 - "Oxygen is likely to reduce Cheyne-Stokes respiration by increasing oxygen and carbon dioxide stores and reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response. " 05/01/1999 - "Effects of inhaled carbon dioxide and oxygen on cheyne-stokes respiration in patients with heart failure." 01/01/1995 - "The pathogenesis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure has been well described and is related to prolonged circulation time between the lung and the carotid body mainly due to increased cardiac dimensions, reduced body stores of oxygen and carbon dioxide, disturbance of ventilation and respiratory control due to arousals and a relatively high hypercapnic ventilatory response. "
9.	TicagrelorIBA 01/01/2018 - "Dyspnea or Cheyne-Stokes respiration associated with Ticagrelor?" 09/08/2016 - "Cheyne-Stokes Respiration, Chemoreflex, and Ticagrelor-Related Dyspnea." 01/01/2019 - "We herein describe the case of a patient with positive airway pressure (PAP)-treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in whom PAP-telemonitoring revealed the emergence of CSA and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) after initiation of ticagrelor for an acute coronary syndrome with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. " 11/01/2017 - "Reversal of Ticagrelor-Induced Arrhythmias and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration With Aminophylline Infusion." 11/01/2017 - "We present a case of incessant Cheyne-Stokes respiration associated with heart rate instability in patient with congestive heart failure and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, supporting the use of aminophylline as a potential reversal agent of ticagrelor-related AEs."
10.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 05/26/2009 - "On multivariate analysis, combined elevation in chemosensitivity was the strongest independent prognostic marker, even when adjusted for univariate predictors (V(E)/V(CO2) slope, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, LVEF, and brain natriuretic peptide, p < 0.05). " 03/02/2007 - "Brain natriuretic peptide for prediction of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure patients." 05/01/2005 - "To assess the possible relationship between Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) associated with central sleep apnea (CSA) syndrome and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in an outpatient population presenting with stable congestive heart failure (CHF). " 05/26/2009 - "Although they had the same LVEF as the 43 patients (39%) with normal chemosensitivity, they were more symptomatic (New York Heart Association functional class), had higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine, steeper regression slope relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (V(E)/V(CO2) slope), more Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and more ventricular arrhythmias (all p < 0.05). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 03/01/2013 - "Reply: surprisingly powerful effect of continuous positive airway pressure on ventilatory instability in a pediatric patient with Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/01/2013 - "Issues applying a math model to estimate continuous positive airway pressure response in Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 01/01/2013 - "The treatments for central breathing disorders include CPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), and adaptive servoventilation (ASV), with the latter being the most modern method of treatment for the Cheyne-Stokes respiration and involving ventilation support with a variable synchronisation dependent on changes in airflow through the respiratory tract and on the patient's respiratory rate. " 03/01/2005 - "It's not as simple as it seems: continuous positive airway pressure and cheyne-stokes respiration." 01/01/2013 - "She was treated with 5-8 cmH2O of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to manage CHF and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during the preoperative period of five weeks, after which plastic surgery of the mitral valve was successfully performed. "
2.	Therapeutics 07/01/2005 - "In conclusion, cardiac resynchronisation therapy is associated with a reduction in Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which may contribute to improved clinical outcome in patients treated with cardiac resynchronisation therapy." 07/01/2005 - "Improvement in Cheyne-Stokes respiration following cardiac resynchronisation therapy." 09/01/2021 - "He was given supportive therapy until heart transplant, after which his Cheyne-Stokes respiration clinically resolved. " 01/01/2021 - "Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with adaptive servoventilation-analysis of patients with regard to therapy restriction." 12/13/2003 - "This article briefly summarises the current knowledge of the patho-physiology, prevalence and therapy of Cheyne-Stokes respiration."
3.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 04/12/2021 - "After heart transplantation, 15 patients received repeat sleep physiological monitoring and their results showed that the SDB was significantly improved, with the elimination of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. " 09/01/2021 - "Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in a 17-Year-Old Boy Awaiting Heart Transplantation." 02/01/2016 - "Three older patients showed a breathing pattern mimicking Cheyne-Stokes respiration, two of whom required heart transplantation. " 01/01/2016 - "Impact of Heart Transplantation on Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in a Child." 01/01/2000 - "We examined 29 male patients (age 24 to 63 years) with polysomnographically verified Cheyne-Stokes respiration before and 3 to 9 weeks after orthotopic heart transplantation. "
4.	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy 08/01/2007 - "Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve cardiac function and reduce Cheyne-Stokes respiration but has not been evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). " 09/01/2012 - "Adaptive servo ventilation improves Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cardiac function, and prognosis in chronic heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy." 12/01/2005 - "Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on sleep quality, quality of life, and symptomatic depression in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration." 03/01/2012 - "Upon receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), there is an improvement of cardiac function and central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration; however, effects of CRT on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome seemed to be without clinical relevance. " 02/15/2005 - "Cardiac resynchronization therapy, central sleep apnea, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure patients."
5.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure) 08/01/2008 - "Nocturnal positive pressure ventilation (PPV) has been shown to be effective in patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). " 05/01/2002 - "[Positive pressure ventilation in Cheyne-Stokes respiration]." 08/01/2008 - "Bi-level positive pressure ventilation and adaptive servo ventilation in patients with heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration."