Chancroid

Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused by HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI, it occurs endemically almost worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries and more commonly in seaports and urban areas than in rural areas.

Networked: 275 relevant articles (40 outcomes, 30 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Ulcer
3.	Gonorrhea
4.	Syphilis
5.	Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)

Experts

1.	Leduc, Isabelle: 8 articles (06/2014 - 06/2004)
2.	Katz, Barry P: 7 articles (08/2014 - 02/2002)
3.	Spinola, Stanley M: 6 articles (08/2014 - 02/2002)
4.	Elkins, Christopher: 6 articles (08/2011 - 06/2004)
5.	Fortney, Kate R: 5 articles (08/2014 - 05/2006)
6.	Janowicz, Diane M: 5 articles (08/2014 - 05/2006)
7.	Orndorff, Paul E: 5 articles (06/2014 - 04/2006)
8.	Lagergård, Teresa: 5 articles (08/2010 - 05/2002)
9.	Humphreys, Tricia L: 4 articles (01/2015 - 06/2011)
10.	Fusco, William G: 4 articles (06/2014 - 07/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chancroid:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2017 - "Antibiotics are usually effective in curing chancroid." 01/01/1946 - "Studies on chancroid; the Ducrey bacillus; growth requirements and inhibition by antibiotic agents." 05/01/2011 - "Antibiotics will usually be efficient for curing chancroid." 09/01/2005 - "Development of single dose antibiotic treatments for chancroid has been followed by drug-resistant Haemophilus ducreyi in endemic areas. " 01/01/2001 - "Once endemic in Europe and North America, chancroid began a steady decline early in the twentieth century, well before the discovery of antibiotics. "
2.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "A single dose of 250 mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone is an effective treatment for chancroid." 03/01/1995 - "Ceftriaxone in the management of chancroid." 02/01/1993 - "Among 133 men in Nairobi, Kenya, with culture-proven chancroid, who were treated with ceftriaxone, treatment failed in 35%. " 02/01/1993 - "Ceftriaxone in a dose of 250 mg given intramuscularly is currently recommended for the treatment of chancroid. " 02/01/1993 - "Ceftriaxone no longer predictably cures chancroid in Kenya."
3.	Erythromycin (Erycette)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1995 - "It is concluded that a low dose erythromycin is an inexpensive and effective treatment for chancroid with complete bacteriological cure rate, although the healing process takes longer in HIV seropositive patients." 07/01/1981 - "The results of this study led to three conclusions: chancroid is a relatively common disease in the Far East, the causative organism can be isolated by most clinical microbiology laboratories with proper technique, and erythromycin is an effective drug in the treatment of chancroid." 10/01/1995 - "We studied the effectiveness of a lower dose erythromycin treatment regime, 250 mg three times a day for seven days in the treatment of chancroid. " 10/01/1995 - "Low dose erythromycin regimen for the treatment of chancroid." 08/01/1983 - "Treatment of chancroid with erythromycin. "
4.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1999 - "A three-day course of 500 mg of oral ciprofloxacin twice daily may be used to treat chancroid in patients who are not pregnant. " 05/01/1988 - "A randomized, double-blind study was performed comparing ciprofloxacin in a 500-mg single dose with 1,000 mg (500-mg doses given 12 h apart) for the treatment of chancroid in Thailand. " 05/01/1988 - "Evaluation of 500- and 1,000-mg doses of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chancroid." 04/27/1987 - "Treatment of chancroid with ciprofloxacin. " 01/01/1988 - "It may therefore be concluded from our study that the oral administration of ciprofloxacin to chancroid patients with or without buboes is highly effective and free from side effects."
5.	Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination Trimethoprim (Co-Trimoxazole)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1998 - "Cotrimoxazole has traditionally been used as first drug for treatment of chancroid in India. " 02/01/1996 - "Chancroid and TMP-SMX." 07/01/1994 - "These data indicate that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can no longer be recommended for use in the treatment of chancroid in Rwanda, and possibly elsewhere in Africa." 11/01/1985 - "Cotrimoxazole Resistant Chancroid." 04/01/1985 - "Short-course treatment of chancroid with co-trimoxazole (Septrin)"
6.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1995 - "We conducted a randomized, unblinded, prospective study designed to determine the efficacy of single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of chancroid. " 06/01/1998 - "Azithromycin prevents experimental chancroid for nearly 2 months. " 01/01/1996 - "Treatment of chancroid with azithromycin." 01/01/1996 - "A randomized, comparative study undertaken in Nairobi, Kenya and a non-comparative evaluation undertaken in Carletonville, South Africa have both shown that a single oral dose of azithromycin 1 g is effective in the treatment of the genital ulcer disease (GUD), chancroid, with cure rates of 89% and 92% recorded respectively. " 07/01/1994 - "In a randomized single-blinded study of 127 men presenting to a referral STD clinic with culture proven chancroid, we compared the efficacy of azithromycin, administered as a single 1 g dose, with erythromycin 500 mg given 4 times daily for 7 days. "
7.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1987 - "Trimethoprim 160 mg and sulphamethoxazole 800 mg twice daily for one week was found to be effective in the treatment of chancroid. " 07/01/1986 - "Thus a single dose of trimethoprim-sulfametrole appears to be an effective treatment regimen for women with chancroid in Kenya." 07/14/1983 - "We conducted a randomized double-blind trial comparing a single dose of trimethoprim-sulfametrole (640 to 3200 mg) with five-day regimens of either trimethoprim-sulfametrole (160 to 800 mg twice daily) or trimethoprim alone (200 mg twice daily) for the treatment of men with chancroid. " 04/01/1995 - "Single dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for treatment of chancroid." 07/01/1985 - "Trimethoprim sulphamoxole in the treatment of chancroid. "
8.	FleroxacinIBA 05/01/1992 - "Fleroxacin, as a single oral dose, is an effective treatment for culture-proven chancroid in patients who are HIV-1 seronegative. " 05/01/1989 - "We performed an initial randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of fleroxacin for treatment of chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya. " 03/22/1993 - "Fleroxacin was prescribed to treat both HIV-negative and HIV-positive men with proven chancroid in an open study. " 03/22/1993 - "Fleroxacin in the treatment of chancroid: an open study in men seropositive or seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1." 03/22/1993 - "Fleroxacin is an acceptable alternative to existing treatment regimens for chancroid in men."
9.	Thymidine Monophosphate (TMP)IBA 04/01/1995 - "Therefore, the administration of TMP-SMZ, in single or multiple doses, is no longer indicated for the treatment of chancroid in Rwanda." 09/01/2011 - "Four randomised controlled trials and 16 non-comparative studies reported good effectiveness/safety outcomes for oral TMP/SMT in genital ulcers (mainly chancroid), respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs). " 04/01/1987 - "Thus we found that the one-day regimen of spectinomycin was as effective for the treatment of chancroid as was TMP-SMZ given for five days. " 11/01/1985 - "Our study indicates that ceftriaxone in a single dose of 250 mg is effective, but that TMP-SMZ, even when given in a standard seven-day regimen, is not effective treatment for chancroid in Thailand." 04/01/1995 - "A comparative open study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ; 640 mg/3,200 mg) for the treatment of culture-proven chancroid. "
10.	SulfamethoxazoleFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1987 - "Trimethoprim 160 mg and sulphamethoxazole 800 mg twice daily for one week was found to be effective in the treatment of chancroid. " 04/01/1995 - "Single dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for treatment of chancroid." 10/01/1983 - "Since sulphonamides are no longer predictably effective in the treatment of chancroid the combination of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was evaluated to identify other effective regimens. " 01/01/1991 - "Increased resistance to trimethoprim and/or sulfamethoxazole led the Centers for Disease Control to recommend 250 mg ceftriaxone as a single intramuscular dose for chancroid. " 08/15/2012 - "The chancroid trials, conducted in Kenya by 1990, found no significant differences in HIV seroconversion rates during four to 12 weeks of follow-up between 400 and 200 mg single oral doses of fleroxacin (one trial, 45 participants; RR 3.00; 95% CI 0.29 to 30.69), or between 400 mg fleroxacin and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole plus 160 mg trimethoprim (one trial, 98 participants; RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.04 to 3.09). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/04/1986 - "Since the treatment of chancroid was reviewed in 1982, the results of subsequent treatment trials have offered the clinician additional therapeutic choices as well as shorter courses of therapy. " 04/01/2005 - "There are currently inexpensive and effective single-dose therapies available to treat chancroid. " 11/01/1994 - " HIV also appears to reduce the responsiveness of chancroid to standard therapy, especially single-dose therapy, thus requiring multiple-dose therapy over 5-7 days. " 05/01/1989 - "Effective, simply administered therapy for chancroid is necessary. " 05/01/1988 - "These data indicate that both of these treatment regimens are equally effective therapies for chancroid in Thailand."
2.	Oral Administration 01/01/1988 - "It may therefore be concluded from our study that the oral administration of ciprofloxacin to chancroid patients with or without buboes is highly effective and free from side effects." 12/11/2017 - "Macrolides may be an effective alternative to treat chancroid and, based on their oral administration and duration of therapy, could be considered as first line therapy. "
3.	Male Circumcision 01/01/2015 - "It is well-established that male circumcision reduces acquisition of HIV, herpes simplex virus 2, chancroid, and syphilis. " 08/01/2007 - "The contrasting HIV epidemics in east and west Africa could be replicated in our model by assuming that male circumcision reduced susceptibility to HIV, syphilis and chancroid. " 02/01/2007 - "There is strong evidence that male circumcision reduces risk of HIV, syphilis and chancroid. " 04/01/2006 - "This first systematic review of male circumcision and ulcerative STI strongly indicates that circumcised men are at lower risk of chancroid and syphilis. " 04/01/2006 - "Male circumcision and risk of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes: a systematic review and meta-analysis."
4.	Condoms (Condom) 10/01/1991 - " Neither condoms nor spermicides protect against extragenital transmission, especially for organisms transmitted by skin contact, i.e., syphilis, herpes, or chancroid. " 01/01/1988 - " Genital ulcers, especially chancroid, increase the risk of AIDS, and condom use may protect women from infection. " 08/01/2003 - "Development of herpes and chancroid vaccines, condom use, and the provision of education and accessible treatment facilities should help those women who now suffer from recurrent GUD infections."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/1954 - "Chemotherapy of chancroid; clinical observations in eighty-seven cases." 12/01/1952 - "Chemotherapy in chancroid."