Cerebral Palsy (Spastic Diplegia)

2157  relevant articles (139 outcomes, 346 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Spastic Diplegia; Cerebral Palsy, Congenital; Cerebral Palsy, Spastic; Athetoid Cerebral Palsy; Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy; CP (Cerebral Palsy); Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid; Cerebral Palsy, Atonic; Cerebral Palsy, Diplegic, Infantile; Cerebral Palsy, Dyskinetic; Cerebral Palsy, Dystonic-Rigid; Cerebral Palsy, Hypotonic; Cerebral Palsy, Mixed; Cerebral Palsy, Monoplegic, Infantile; Cerebral Palsy, Quadriplegic, Infantile; Cerebral Palsy, Rolandic Type; Congenital Cerebral Palsy; Diplegia, Spastic; Infantile Cerebral Palsy, Diplegic; Infantile Cerebral Palsy, Monoplegic; Infantile Cerebral Palsy, Quadriplegic; Little's Disease; Monoplegic Infantile Cerebral Palsy; Rolandic Type Cerebral Palsy; Atonic Cerebral Palsy; Cerebral Palsies, Athetoid; Cerebral Palsies, Dyskinetic; Cerebral Palsies, Dystonic-Rigid; Cerebral Palsies, Monoplegic; Cerebral Palsy, Dystonic Rigid; Cerebral Palsy, Monoplegic; Diplegias, Spastic; Dystonic-Rigid Cerebral Palsies; Dystonic-Rigid Cerebral Palsy; Hypotonic Cerebral Palsies; Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy; Mixed Cerebral Palsies; Mixed Cerebral Palsy; Monoplegic Cerebral Palsies; Spastic Cerebral Palsies; Spastic Cerebral Palsy; Spastic Diplegias; Diplegic Infantile Cerebral Palsy; Little Disease; Monoplegic Cerebral Palsy; Quadriplegic Infantile Cerebral Palsy

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Muscle Spasticity (Spastic)
2.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
3.	Sialorrhea
4.	Dystonia (Limb Dystonia)
5.	Equinus Deformity

Experts

1.	Miller, Freeman: 18 articles (10/2008 - 02/2002)
2.	Dabney, Kirk W: 8 articles (10/2008 - 02/2002)
3.	Graham, H Kerr: 7 articles (01/2008 - 12/2002)
4.	Graham, H K: 7 articles (09/2003 - 01/2000)
5.	Park, Eun Sook: 6 articles (08/2008 - 04/2004)
6.	Becher, Jules G: 6 articles (06/2008 - 05/2005)
7.	Heinen, F: 6 articles (04/2006 - 02/2000)
8.	Steinbok, Paul: 5 articles (09/2007 - 03/2002)
9.	Berweck, Steffen: 5 articles (11/2006 - 01/2004)
10.	Heinen, Florian: 5 articles (11/2006 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cerebral Palsy:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 05/01/2002 - "Nevertheless, our study suggests that the botulinum toxin is a well-tolerated anti-spasticity treatment that is effective for the hip adductors providing an important contribution to the management of non-ambulatory cerebral palsy children." 11/01/2007 - "Repeat injection of botulinum toxin A is safe and effective for upper limb movement and function in children with cerebral palsy." 01/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A injection is a well tolerated, safe and effective procedure in the treatment of children with spastic cerebral palsy." 01/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVES: To determine whether botulinum toxin (BtA) is an effective and safe treatment for lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. " 10/01/1995 - "Botulinum toxin A provides a safe and effective adjuvant treatment of dystonic skilled movements and gait disorders in children with cerebral palsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox)FDA Link 07/01/2000 - "Beneficial effects persisted for 10 to 12 mo in most patients, with three patients exhibiting benefits for at least 20 mo. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that a very low dose of botulinum toxin type A combined with'rehabilitation therapy resulted in a long-lasting decrease in spasticity and an improvement in gait in children with cerebral palsy." 10/01/2003 - "In conclusion, intramuscular botulinum toxin type A administration may be effective in children with cerebral palsy, especially at week 4 and when injected in gastrocnemius." 12/01/2006 - "Botulinum toxin type A can be both safe and effective in relieving spasticity in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. " 01/01/2001 - "Botulinum toxin type A is well tolerated, safe, and effective in the treatment of patients with spastic cerebral palsy. " 09/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin type A improved physical findings and gait pattern in patients with cerebral palsy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	BaclofenFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy can be very effective in the treatment of intractable spasticity, but its effectiveness and safety have not yet been thoroughly studied in children with cerebral palsy (CP). " 05/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: The results of this randomised controlled trial establish continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen to be effective in carefully selected children with problems caused by intractable spastic cerebral palsy." 09/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment of spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy. " 06/01/1998 - "Intrathecal baclofen infusion (IBI) is an effective treatment for spasticity secondary to cerebral palsy (CP). " 05/01/2009 - "Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	FlexorIBA 04/01/2009 - "Because there are no adverse effects of iliopsoas release from the lesser trochanter and the improvement in hip extension is greater, this approach should be considered in ambulatory patients with spastic diplegia when a hip flexor weakening procedure is considered. " 03/01/2002 - "The results of this study show that intramuscular psoas lengthening over the pelvic brim is a safe and effective way to improve the hip function of independently ambulatory children with cerebral palsy while maintaining hip flexor power. " 03/01/2002 - "The efficacy of psoas surgery for the treatment of hip flexor dysfunction in cerebral palsy has long been a subject of debate. " 09/01/1990 - "Electromyographic studies were performed on 13 patients with cerebral palsy before and after flexor carpi ulnaris transfers. " 07/01/2008 - "Tenotomy of the adductor and flexor muscles enables hip reduction without opening the joint capsule in quadriplegic cerebral palsy patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Magnesium Sulfate (Sulfate, Magnesium)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2009 - "Antenatal magnesium sulfate was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of cerebral palsy (relative risk [RR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.88), moderate or severe cerebral palsy (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.92), and substantial gross motor dysfunction (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.83). " 08/01/2009 - "When only neuroprotection trials (four trials, 4,324 fetuses/infants) are analyzed, in utero exposure to magnesium sulfate additionally reduced the primary outcome of death or cerebral palsy. " 06/01/2009 - "There were no significant effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate on combined rates of mortality with neurologic outcomes, except in the studies where the primary intent was neuroprotection, where there was a reduction in death or cerebral palsy (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74-0.98; four trials; 4,446 infants). " 06/01/2009 - "We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials to determine whether magnesium sulfate administered to women at risk of preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation may reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in their children. " 09/01/1996 - "CONCLUSIONS: A randomized trial of maternally administered intrapartum magnesium sulfate to reduce the rate of cerebral palsy in surviving preterm neonates would be a formidable undertaking, requiring a concerted multicentered effort." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	pamidronate (APD)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of low doses of pamidronate in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in non-ambulatory children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). " 02/01/2005 - "Eighteen osteoporotic (Z-score at or below 2.5) nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy or a neuromuscular disorder received cyclic intravenous administration of pamidronate. " 11/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: In this small controlled clinical trial, pamidronate was found to be a safe and very effective agent to increase BMD in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy." 11/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial the safety and efficacy of intravenous pamidronate to treat osteopenia in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy. " 02/01/2005 - "Cyclic administration of pamidronate to treat osteoporosis in children with cerebral palsy or a neuromuscular disorder: a clinical study." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)IBA 03/01/2003 - "The efficacy of nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation on the elevated orofacial muscle tonus during dental treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) was studied by measuring the mean frequency of electromyographic (EMG) discharge, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) taking mentally retarded patients (MR) as a control. " 03/01/2003 - "Effect of nitrous oxide on dental patients with cerebral palsy -- using an electromyogram (EMG) from orofacial muscles as an index." 02/01/1995 - "Nitrous oxide depresses the H-reflex in children with cerebral palsy." 02/01/1995 - "Children with tendon hyperreflexia due to cerebral palsy usually have higher amplitude HRs. Nitrous oxide (N2O) depresses the HR in patients with normal spinal reflexes, although the effect of N2O in conditions with hyperreflexia such as cerebral palsy is not known. " 11/01/1991 - "The efficacy of nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen (O2) inhalation in reducing involuntary movements in cerebral palsy (CP) dental patients was examined using electromyography (EMG) and H-reflex techniques. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	OxygenIBA 05/01/2005 - "Interpretation and implementation of oxygen uptake kinetics studies in children with spastic cerebral palsy." 07/01/2002 - "We conducted a double-blind placebo study to investigate the claim that hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO2) improves the cognitive status of children with cerebral palsy (CP). " 02/24/2001 - "INTERPRETATION: In this study, hyperbaric oxygen did not improve the condition of children with cerebral palsy compared with slightly pressurised air. " 06/01/1994 - "This study examines the test-retest reliability of the ventilatory threshold (VT) and the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). " 07/01/1993 - "This study compared oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in children with cerebral palsy and nondisabled children walking on a treadmill. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2005 - "This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled clinical trial studies the clinical efficacy of a low dose of diazepam in enhancing movement in children with spastic cerebral palsy. " 04/01/2005 - "The efficacy of diazepam in enhancing motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy." 08/21/1965 - "DIAZEPAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ITS EFFECTS ON PATIENTS WITH ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY." 01/01/1964 - "Some observations on clinical trials with diazepam in cerebral palsy." 01/01/2005 - "Bedtime diazepam enhances well-being in children with spastic cerebral palsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 09/20/2007 - "Although the difference was not statistically significant, the higher rate of cerebral palsy among children who had been exposed to repeat doses of corticosteroids is of concern and warrants further study. " 03/01/2004 - "OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids on childhood behavior and disabilities, including cognitive delay and cerebral palsy. " 03/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Repeated antenatal courses of corticosteroids may protect against cerebral palsy but are associated with hyperactivity later in childhood." 03/01/2004 - "Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: effects on cerebral palsy and childhood behavior." 06/01/2000 - "In a separate case-control analysis of 60 children in each group, the rate of cerebral palsy remained significantly elevated (corticosteroids 22%, no corticosteroids 5%). " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Rhizotomy 05/01/1994 - "Many neurosurgeons have made a practice of sectioning the S2 dorsal roots during selective posterior rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, but the efficacy of this treatment has not previously been proven. " 06/01/1998 - "Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been shown to be an effective treatment for the spasticity of cerebral palsy, but few studies have addressed specifically the side effects of the procedure. " 02/01/2005 - "INTRODUCTION: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is an effective treatment for lower extremity spasticity in cerebral palsy. " 02/01/2002 - "BACKGROUND: It is well known that selective posterior rhizotomy is effective for relieving spasticity associated with cerebral palsy. " 09/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVE: Selective Posterior Rhizotomy (SPR) is effective for reducing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 11/01/2007 - "Decreasing the spasticity of children with cerebral palsy leads to the improvement of conscious movements, muscles are less toned, passive mobility is improved, orthosis tolerance is also improved, and the child is enabled to perform easier and better motor functions such as crawling, standing and walking. " 10/01/2009 - "CONCLUSIONS: The floor-reaction ankle-foot orthosis is effective in restricting sagittal plane ankle motion during the stance phase of gait in patients with cerebral palsy. " 10/01/2009 - "The efficacy of the floor-reaction ankle-foot orthosis in children with cerebral palsy." 01/01/2008 - "Efficacy of ankle-foot orthoses on gait of children with cerebral palsy: systematic review of literature." 12/01/2007 - "PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) prescribed in the community for children with cerebral palsy (CP). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Injections 12/01/2008 - "This preliminary study indicates that robotic therapy may be a useful clinical tool when combined with BTX-A injections for improving upper-limb coordination and quality of motor performance in children with cerebral palsy." 01/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: This study identifies PT interventions and trends in goal achievement for children with cerebral palsy after BtA injections." 08/30/2008 - "MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three children with spastic diplegia CP who had BTX-A injections into both gastrocnemius muscles were assessed. " 09/01/2007 - "Sixty patients with spastic diplegia were enrolled; 40 received 3 successive doses of BT-A to the calf muscle bilaterally at intervals of 3 to 4 months; 20 received no injections and were considered the control group. " 12/01/2006 - "The treatment of children with cerebral palsy often require long-term, repeated, multimuscle BoNT-A injections that lead to the administration of comparably higher toxin doses. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Osteotomy 01/01/2005 - "This study shows that distal tibial osteotomy alone (without concomitant fibular osteotomy) is an effective and safe procedure for correcting and maintaining correction of tibial torsion in patients with cerebral palsy." 01/01/2004 - "PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of femoral osteotomy alone with that of osteotomy combined with an acetabular procedure in patients with unstable hips due to spastic cerebral palsy. " 10/01/2009 - "This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of distal femoral extension osteotomy and/or patellar tendon advancement in the treatment of crouch gait in patients with cerebral palsy. " 11/01/2008 - "This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of distal femoral extension osteotomy and/or patellar tendon advancement in the treatment of crouch gait in patients with cerebral palsy. " 09/01/2007 - "This study evaluates the effects of early versus delayed weight bearing on the functional recovery of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) after they have undergone proximal femoral osteotomies (PFOs). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Resistance Training 10/07/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the accumulating evidence that strength training can be beneficial for people with cerebral palsy by demonstrating benefits for adults with cerebral palsy and high support needs who are subject to decline in physical function associated with the ageing process." 10/07/2004 - "Strength training can be enjoyable and beneficial for adults with cerebral palsy." 08/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether strength training is beneficial for people with cerebral palsy (CP). " 01/01/2009 - "Conclusion/Significance: This study supports the efficacy of task-oriented strength training for improving mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. " 01/01/2009 - "Further studies with a larger randomized sample and longer post-intervention follow-up are necessary to document the long-term effects of participation in task-oriented strength training programs in the cerebral palsy population." Order ALL the reference details at left...