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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy)

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A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).

Also Known As:

Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy; Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; IHSS; Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophies; Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic Obstructive; Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies; Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathies; Hypertrophies, Asymmetric Septal; Hypertrophy, Asymmetric Septal; IHSSs; Obstructive Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic; Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Septal Hypertrophies, Asymmetric; Septal Hypertrophy, Asymmetric; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive; Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis; Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subvalvular Stenosis; Subvalvular Stenosis, Idiopathic Hypertrophic

Networked: 2019 relevant articles (69 outcomes, 200 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Cardiovascular Diseases: 22034
- Heart Diseases: 13249
  - Cardiomyopathies: 7176
    - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 2019
      - Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 284
  - Heart Valve Diseases: 689
    - Aortic Valve Stenosis: 1796
      - Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: 19
        Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 2019

Related Diseases

1.	Sudden Death
2.	Cardiac Sudden Death (Sudden Cardiac Arrest)
3.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)
4.	Cardiomyopathies (Cardiomyopathy)
5.	Ventricular Tachycardia

Experts

1.	Maron, Barry J: 23 articles (12/2009 - 01/2002)
2.	Ommen, Steve R: 21 articles (01/2010 - 06/2002)
3.	Ackerman, Michael J: 21 articles (01/2010 - 06/2002)
4.	McKenna, William J: 16 articles (07/2009 - 01/2002)
5.	McKenna, W J: 14 articles (08/2009 - 01/2000)
6.	Watkins, Hugh: 13 articles (04/2010 - 02/2002)
7.	Gersh, Bernard J: 13 articles (01/2010 - 06/2002)
8.	Hamada, Mareomi: 12 articles (05/2010 - 01/2002)
9.	Spirito, Paolo: 11 articles (02/2010 - 10/2004)
10.	Elliott, Perry M: 11 articles (05/2009 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:

1.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1981 - "Verapamil is extremely effective in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " 01/01/1987 - "The beneficial effect of verapamil in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is related to improved relaxation and diastolic filling rather than to changes in passive elastic chamber properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 03/01/1985 - "With respect to the baseline values only verapamil showed a significant improvement in rapid and maximum filling rates, suggesting that diastolic function is more beneficially affected by Ca-entry blockers rather than beta-blockers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 11/01/1983 - "The negative inotropic effects of intravenous verapamil are potentially beneficial in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing left ventricular contractile function and increasing left ventricular volume. " 07/01/1998 - "Prior studies have shown an improvement in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who were treated with verapamil. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)IBA 09/01/2000 - "It has been reported that older patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) benefited the most from dual chamber (DDD) pacing. " 06/01/2000 - "All patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy included in this multicenter study were either refractory or intolerant to drugs and typically had pressure gradients higher than 30 mm Hg. In 83 patients, mean age 53 (18 to 82) years who responded favorably to a temporary pacing test, a DDD pacemaker was implanted. " 02/01/2008 - "In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), DDD pacing appears to be effective to reduce the pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta. " 06/15/2006 - "In conclusion, DDD pacing is effective in reducing the LVOT gradient and improving functional capacity in adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " 01/01/1996 - "BACKGROUND: DDD pacing has been advocated as an effective treatment for drug refractory obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 07/01/1998 - "BACKGROUND: NSRT with intracoronary ethanol is a new promising treatment for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). " 11/01/2002 - "BACKGROUND: Transcoronary ethanol septal ablation (TESA) is a novel treatment for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM). " 11/15/2001 - "OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare the hemodynamic efficacy of nonsurgical septal reduction therapy (NSRT) by intracoronary ethanol with standard therapy (surgical myectomy) for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). " 02/01/2007 - "The treatment of the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) by percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) with ethanol injection has greatly improved in the last years. " 12/01/2006 - "Impact of ethanol dosing on the long-term outcome of alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a single-center prospective, and randomized study." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug with negative inotropic effect; therefore an study of hemodynamic effects of this drug in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was performed. " 01/15/1991 - "Value of electrophysiologic studies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with amiodarone." 04/01/1998 - "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is there a role for amiodarone?" 11/01/1994 - "Ambulatory assessment of the QT interval in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: risk stratification and effect of low dose amiodarone." 09/01/1992 - "We conclude that in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone prolongs QTc but reduces QTc dispersion. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1991 - "The results indicate that diltiazem provides an effective and apparently safe treatment for the management of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 11/01/1984 - "Improvement in left ventricular diastolic function during intravenous and oral diltiazem therapy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an echocardiographic study." 03/01/2005 - "Evaluation of extended-release diltiazem once daily for cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 11/01/2004 - "Acute effects of diltiazem on regional left ventricular diastolic filling dynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as assessed by color kinesis." 03/01/2004 - "Diltiazem reverses tissue Doppler velocity abnormalities in pre-clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Disopyramide (Norpace)FDA LinkGeneric 04/19/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: In this study we assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of disopyramide for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). " 09/01/1995 - "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of disopyramide on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. " 05/01/1991 - "The present study clarified the effect of disopyramide on left-ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (5 obstructive type: HOCM, 21 non-obstructive type: HNCM). " 05/28/2010 - "Synergistic effect of dual chamber pacing and disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2010 - "Possible acute and chronic synergistic effect of dual chamber pacing and disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1983 - "The mechanism of action of nifedipine on diastolic properties in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear and could result from an improvement in myocardial inactivation or from systemic vasodilation and left ventricular unloading. " 10/02/1980 - "Improved diastolic function and systolic performance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after nifedipine." 02/01/1990 - "We investigated the effects of nifedipine on left ventricular diastolic function in 17 asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by simultaneously measuring left ventricular pressure and volume with a catheter-tipped manometer and biplane cineangiography. " 02/01/1990 - "Effects of nifedipine on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 04/01/1988 - "Relation between serum nifedipine concentration and hemodynamic effects in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	CalciumIBA 03/01/1994 - "One can rationalize that the symptomatic elderly patient with isolated diastolic dysfunction can be treated effectively with calcium antagonists but, once again, there are no major trials evaluating any drug in the management of patients with isolated diastolic function not due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " 11/01/1983 - "Recent hemodynamic studies have shown the importance of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and demonstrated that calcium-blocking agents may enhance myocardial performance by reducing this dysfunction (Goodwin, 1982; Lorell et al., 1980, 1982; Sanderson et al., 1977). " 01/01/2006 - "Genes, calcium and modifying factors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2004 - "Rather, suppressed SR calcium uptake due to reduced SERCA2a expression and hypophosphorylation of PLB due to changes in protein phosphatase expression may play important roles in the diastolic dysfunction of Ras-mediated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2004 - "Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium defect in Ras-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1980 - "Left ventricular filling was studied by echocardiography and cineangiography in 37 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction before and during long-term oral beta blockade (166 +/- 61 mg propranolol for 15.6 +/- 21 months on average) in order to determine the mechanism of symptomatic improvement in these patients. " 10/01/2002 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of administration of beta-blocker propranolol on cyclic variation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and persistent left ventricular (LV) pressure gradient and to test the hypothesis that the reduction of LV pressure gradient would be related to the change in regional contractile function. " 06/01/1985 - "Effect of propranolol on left ventricular relaxation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an echographic study." 09/01/2005 - "In this case report, we present a 5-year follow-up of symmetrical concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in an FRDA patient treated with high-dose propranolol. " 10/01/2002 - "Influence of propranolol infusion on cyclic variation of myocardial integrated backscatter in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Calcium Channels (Calcium Channel)IBA 01/01/1989 - "Results were compared with those observed in a group of 20 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy not treated with calcium channel antagonists. " 01/01/1983 - "The place of calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will probably emerge soon. " 08/01/2004 - "Past history included hypertension and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), which were treated with a calcium channel blocker and an anti-arrhythmic drug. " 01/25/1985 - "Effects of calcium-channel blocking agents on left ventricular diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in coronary artery disease." 09/01/1984 - "Future indications for calcium channel blocker therapy may include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cerebral vasospasm, migraine headaches, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, esophageal spasm, intestinal ischemia, Raynaud's phenomenon, dysmenorrhea, and premature labor." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 01/01/2006 - "Safety and efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) have been demonstrated in high risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a large clinical study. " 11/01/2008 - "Safety and efficacy of transvenous high-voltage implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads in high-risk hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients." 11/18/2008 - "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) on ventricular arrhythmias among patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), as measured by appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) discharges. " 05/01/2004 - "In this study, high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were treated with an implantable defibrillator. " 08/01/2010 - "Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: efficacy and complications of the therapy in long-term follow-up." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: The efficacy of long-term drug therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) remains unclear. " 01/01/2005 - "Echocardiographic characteristics predicting efficacy of drug therapy in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2005 - "CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that drug therapy effectively reduces the LVOT gradient in patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and a less severe LVOT gradient." 01/01/2005 - "Seven of eight patients with an asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) ratio >==1.3 and LVOT gradient <100 mm Hg were responsive to drug therapy. " 05/01/1999 - "A 13-year-old boy with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was treated with dual-chamber pacing after severe progression of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and of clinical symptoms despite drug therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 01/01/1998 - "The value of electrophysiology study and prophylactic implantation of cardioverter defibrillator in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 06/01/2009 - "QRS prolongation is associated with high defibrillation thresholds during cardioverter-defibrillator implantations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 05/01/2009 - "The management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has evolved markedly over the past 20 years, particularly with the rising number of indications for implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) and alcohol septal ablation (ASA). " 05/01/2007 - "Defibrillator therapies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: too many swings at bad pitches?" 08/01/2005 - "Cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2010 - "This is the first case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with predominant RVOT obstruction treated by myectomy and patch graft interpositioning." 12/01/2009 - "Outcomes of pediatric patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy listed for transplant." 01/01/2008 - "Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients." 07/01/2007 - "We report on a 3-year-old boy who underwent a cardiac transplant at age 8 months for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; he was subsequently suspected to have CS. " 05/01/2007 - "Risk factors for CRI were: pre-transplant dialysis; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; African-American race; and previous transplant. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Oral Administration 05/01/2008 - "Transthoracic echocardiography revealed massive asymmetric septal hypertrophy and a diffusely hyperkinetic left ventricle with a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of 92 mm Hg. Two and a half hours after oral administration of disopyramide, LVOT gradient had decreased to 25 mm Hg with a corresponding immediate improvement in symptoms." 03/01/1993 - "We studied the correlation between changes in left ventricular filling dynamics induced by acute intravenous administration of verapamil and the changes in exercise tolerance induced by oral administration of the agent in 30 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " 06/01/2001 - "Before and 2 h after an oral administration of 200 mg of cibenzoline, echocardiographic, apexcardiographic and gated radionuclide angiographic studies were performed in 12 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 7 with hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM). " 10/01/1984 - "The signs of LVOT obstruction at rest disappeared following oral administration of propranolol in two pts of group I. These observations suggested that LVOT obstruction might occur in some pts with sigmoid septum and the hypercontractile state, and that a systolic murmur observed in this condition should be differentiated from a functional murmur in the aged or a systolic murmur in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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