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Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)

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Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

Also Known As:

Brain Disorder; Brain Disease; Brain Disorders; CNS Disorders, Intracranial; Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial; Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders; Encephalon Diseases; Intracranial CNS Disorders; Pathology, Brain; CNS Disorder, Intracranial; Encephalon Disease; Intracranial CNS Disorder; Brain Pathology; Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders

Networked: 1273 relevant articles (31 outcomes, 103 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
3.	Ischemia
4.	Stroke (Strokes)
5.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)

Experts

1.	Sharma, Hari Shanker: 9 articles (06/2010 - 01/2007)
2.	Minghetti, Luisa: 7 articles (01/2008 - 09/2004)
3.	Toda, Tatsushi: 7 articles (12/2006 - 03/2002)
4.	Endo, Tamao: 7 articles (12/2006 - 03/2002)
5.	Boado, Ruben J: 5 articles (06/2010 - 09/2007)
6.	Schachter, Harry: 5 articles (01/2010 - 12/2002)
7.	Muntoni, F: 5 articles (12/2007 - 08/2000)
8.	Mercuri, E: 5 articles (12/2007 - 08/2000)
9.	Manya, Hiroshi: 5 articles (12/2006 - 03/2002)
10.	Park, Yong-Ki: 4 articles (08/2010 - 07/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Brain Diseases:

1.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 07/01/2009 - "Antipsychotic agents are widely used for the treatment of psychotic symptoms in patients with several brain disorders. " 08/01/2000 - "RESULTS: A constellation of putative risk factors was found in the majority of patients: previous treatment with classical neuroleptics, combined pharmacologic treatment, female gender, old age, and the presence of an organic brain disorder. " 01/01/1993 - "Antipsychotic agents, most often used for treatment of schizophrenia, are sometimes prescribed for the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder. " 01/01/1986 - "We suggest that four basic concepts about schizophrenia and its long-term treatment need to be accepted before TD can be responded to objectively: schizophrenia is a serious brain disease; neuroleptics are helpful when properly used; there are limits to the value of neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia; and neuroleptic drugs can cause serious side effects." 10/16/2002 - "INTRODUCTION AND METHOD: Dementia with Lewy bodies is a generative brain disease of unknown origin, characterised clinically by progressive mental deterioration, with striking fluctuations and transitory episodes of confusion, hallucinations and psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and paranoid deliria), extrapyramidal signs and hypersensitivity to neuroleptic drugs. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	polyphenolsIBA 03/01/2008 - "There is a current interest in dietary compounds, such as green tea polyphenols, that can favor protection against a variety of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, and stroke. " 09/01/2006 - "Brain diseases during aging can also be due to failure for protective mechanism, due to dietary deficiencies, for instance in anti-oxidants and nutrients (trace elements, vitamins, non essential micronutrients such as polyphenols) related with protection against free radicals. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)IBA 12/01/2009 - "Here we provide further characterization of a genomic-based, amyloid precursor protein yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mouse model of AD, R1.40, that makes few assumptions regarding disease pathogenesis to study the relationship between brain pathology and altered behavior. " 10/01/2009 - "The present studies tested how TD alters brain pathology in Tg19959 transgenic mice over expressing a double mutant form of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). " 05/15/2007 - "In the first human autopsy study examining the impact of ChEI treatment on brain pathology, we compared treated patients with DLB with matched untreated patients for cortical beta-amyloid (Abeta) and tau pathologies. " 08/05/2008 - "After we could recently demonstrate a beneficial effect of environmental enrichment on AD-like brain pathology in female TgCRND8 mice [Ambrée O, Leimer U, Herring A, Görtz N, Sachser N, Heneka MT, et al. Reduction of amyloid angiopathy and Abeta plaque burden after enriched housing in TgCRND8 mice: involvement of multiple pathways. " 04/01/2008 - "All these brain disorders, characterized by the formation of a specific amyloid protein of synaptic origin, can be classified under the heading of amyloidogenic synaptopathies." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 10/01/2009 - "Proteomics for brain disorders--the promise for biomarkers." 10/01/2009 - "There are many challenges associated with proteomics studies, and this article represents a review of the issues discussed during the proteomics breakout sessions held at the Biomarkers for Brain Disorders conference in Oxford in January 2009. " 07/01/2004 - "The experimental and clinical study of degenerative brain disorders would benefit from new surrogate markers for brain damage. " 12/01/2003 - "Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a surrogate marker of acute brain pathology, yet few studies have resolved the evolution of water diffusion changes during the first 8 hours after acute injury, a critical period for therapeutic intervention. " 10/01/2009 - "Although to date, there are very few qualified biomarkers that have arisen as a result of proteomics efforts, we remain optimistic that proteomics will deliver biomarkers for brain disorders. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	PPAR gammaIBA 01/01/2008 - "In the recent years, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), a well known target for type II diabetes treatment, has received an increasing attention for its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and degenerative brain disorders. " 05/13/2009 - "We and others have reported recently that drugs which activate PPARgamma are effective in reducing damage to brain in distinct models of brain disease, including ischemia. " 01/01/2008 - "The anti-inflammatory capacity of PPAR-gamma agonists has led to the hypothesis that PPAR-gamma might be targeted to modulate degenerative brain diseases in which inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a significant component. " 01/01/2006 - "Although most of the evidence comes from in vitro observations, an increasing number of studies in animal models further supports the potential therapeutic use of PPAR-gamma agonists in human brain diseases including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease." 01/01/2010 - "Notably, accumulating evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma ligands in the treatment of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to the testing of the TZDs pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in AD clinical trials. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	PeptidesIBA 02/01/2008 - "In summary, the combined use of peptides and nanotechnology offers tremendous hope in the treatment of brain disorders." 06/01/1998 - "Because melanocortin peptides inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators by activated microglia they might be useful in treatment of inflammatory/degenerative brain disorders." 01/01/1995 - "Although a large and still increasing number of neuroactive peptides have been discovered in the mammalian brain over the years, it has been difficult to link most of these molecules with specific brain functions and/or brain diseases. " 11/12/2009 - "Prolyl oligopeptidases cleave peptides on the carboxy side of internal proline residues and their inhibition has potential in the treatment of human brain disorders. " 10/01/2005 - "The AD brain pathology is characterized by deposits of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles but also (among other aspects) by signs of a chronic inflammatory process. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	LigandsIBA 01/01/2003 - "These findings suggest that KOR ligands could have an anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS and thereby be beneficial in the treatment of HIV-1-associated brain disease." 04/01/2008 - "The latest evidence suggests that TSPO may not only serve as a biomarker of active brain disease but also the use of TSPO-specific ligands may have therapeutic implications in brain injury and repair. " 06/01/2008 - "Signaling through chemokine receptor CXCR3 in the brain has been implicated in various brain diseases, as CXCR3 and its ligands are found under these conditions. " 04/15/2006 - "New carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled N-acetyl-1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential positron emission tomography AMPA (2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid) receptor ligands to image brain diseases. " 04/22/2004 - "To develop a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for imaging the 'peripheral benzodiazepine receptor' (PBR) in brain and elucidating the relationship between PBR and brain diseases, four analogues (4-7) of N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-(5-fluoro-2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide (2) were synthesized and evaluated as ligands for PBR. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)IBA 11/01/1998 - "Determination of GABA concentration in blood, taking into account the accessibility of study object, absence of significant sex, age, seasonal, diurnal fluctuations, as well as stability of amino acid level during the laboratory assay procedure, may be useful for the study of central neuromediator mechanisms, and allows, using representative samples and corresponding groups of comparison, to obtain data on disturbances of functional state of the GABAergic system under conditions of brain pathology." 04/01/2010 - "Such analyses increasingly implicate abnormal levels, timing or modulation of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-ergic inhibition in brain disease. " 07/31/1967 - "[Therapeutic analysis with gamma-amnio-butyric (GABA) in some childhood brain diseases]" 07/15/2004 - "These observations may explain why caloric restriction improves the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in treating epilepsy and suggest that diet modification might be useful in treatment of a number of brain disorders characterized by impaired GAD or GABA activity." 04/01/2010 - "BACKGROUND: Alcohol addiction is a complex brain disease caused by alterations in crucial neurotransmitter systems, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)IBA 01/01/2010 - "This study demonstrates that cyclotraxin-B might not only be a powerful tool to investigate the role of BDNF and TrkB in physiology and pathology, but also represents a lead compound for the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders." 02/01/2010 - "From a clinical standpoint, roles of BDNF have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases. " 07/01/2006 - "These BDNF-dependent gene expression changes may illuminate the biological basis for transcriptome changes observed in certain human brain disorders." 01/01/2010 - "Numerous studies suggest that targeting BDNF and its TrkB receptor could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of brain disorders. " 01/01/2007 - "DHA's ability to regulate BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases having disordered cell survival and neuroplasticity." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1978 - "On the basis of a study concerning the effect of injectable Seduxen in 54 patients with vascular brain disorders (transient disorders of cerebral circulation, ischemic strokes, chronic vertebro-basillar insufficiency) and 3 patients with cochleo-vestibular syndromes of a non-vascular genesis the conclusion is made of the effectiveness of this preparation for arresting acute vestibular disorders of vascular etiology. " 08/01/1989 - "Brain pathology was significantly reduced by all doses of diazepam and/or the highest dose of atropine, but no single drug or drug combination was effective in protecting all animals in a group from some brain pathology. " 01/01/2001 - "Thiopentone induction dose requirement in dogs is little influenced by co-administration of diazepam or prior treatment with phenobarbitone or corticosteroids, but is reduced in the presence of brain pathology." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Institutionalization (Institutionalized Persons) 07/01/2003 - "Home care versus institutionalization: family caregiving and senile brain disease. " 01/01/1983 - "Homecare versus institutionalization: family caregiving and senile brain disease." 09/01/1981 - "The authors suggest that progress in this fascinating and potentially fruitful area will be improved by: a) more critical evaluation of the current literature with regard to its contradictions and to the techniques and theories utilized; b) systematic study of carefully diagnosed, large groups of patients; c) concurrent attempts to identify and carefully assess unusual patients; d) control of laterality measures for drug effects, institutionalization, and such cognitive and affective states as anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychosis; and e) validation of the localizing value of neuropsychological tests in psychiatric patients by the study of previously diagnosed psychiatric patients with acquired focal brain disease." 12/26/2000 - "The presence of environmental or other brain disorders sufficient to produce dementia appears to affect physical survival in patients with AD, but not functional and cognitive decline or institutionalization." 06/01/1989 - "Patients were excluded from this study if they had clinical brain diseases (including Wernicke's disease), died in coma, or had liver disease, significant brain atrophy, or dementia severe enough to require institutionalization. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Immunotherapy 06/10/2002 - "Thus, lentivectors, in addition to their promise for gene therapy of brain disorders might also be suitable for immunotherapy." 08/22/2007 - "Immunotherapy targeting pathological tau conformers in a tangle mouse model reduces brain pathology with associated functional improvements." 01/01/1997 - "Immunotherapy for brain diseases and mental illnesses." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Ketogenic Diet 09/01/2006 - "This review summarizes the experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence indicating that the ketogenic diet could have beneficial effects in a broad range of brain disorders characterized by the death of neurons. " 07/15/2004 - "These observations may explain why caloric restriction improves the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in treating epilepsy and suggest that diet modification might be useful in treatment of a number of brain disorders characterized by impaired GAD or GABA activity." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 05/01/2001 - "Even in the terminal stage of progressive or degenerative brain disorders, patients can survive for a longer period than previously, if life-sustaining mechanical ventilation care is given. " 05/01/2001 - "[Life-sustaining mechanical ventilation care for children with progressive or degenerative brain disorders]" 07/01/2008 - "Under cover of mechanical ventilation, sedation is the first line treatment of intracranial hypertension, a common pathway of various acute brain diseases of traumatic, vascular or other origin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Caloric Restriction 07/15/2004 - "These observations may explain why caloric restriction improves the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in treating epilepsy and suggest that diet modification might be useful in treatment of a number of brain disorders characterized by impaired GAD or GABA activity." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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