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Bradycardia

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Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

Also Known As:

Bradyarrhythmias; Bradycardias; Bradyarrhythmia

Networked: 6648 relevant articles (236 outcomes, 317 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)
2.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
3.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)
4.	Apnea
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Henderson-Smart, D J: 17 articles (01/2003 - 01/2000)
2.	Colombari, Eduardo: 11 articles (08/2009 - 06/2004)
3.	Machado, Benedito H: 9 articles (06/2007 - 09/2002)
4.	Mendelowitz, David: 8 articles (06/2009 - 01/2002)
5.	Chan, Julie Y H: 8 articles (05/2007 - 03/2003)
6.	Lahlou, Saad: 8 articles (04/2006 - 08/2002)
7.	Crestani, Carlos C: 7 articles (11/2009 - 01/2007)
8.	Chan, Samuel H H: 7 articles (05/2007 - 03/2003)
9.	Magalhães, Pedro Jorge Caldas: 7 articles (01/2007 - 08/2002)
10.	Paterson, D J: 7 articles (07/2005 - 11/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bradycardia:

1.	Atropine (Hyoscyamine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1987 - "These data evidence that the atropine test is not very helpful in discriminating between an organic and an autonomic involvement of sinus automaticity in patients with sinus bradycardia." 01/01/2001 - "The protective effects of atropine against bradycardia lasted 50 minutes. " 05/01/1992 - "Atropine given i.v. almost totally eliminated the bradycardia and partially prevented the hypotensive responses to intra-HF DA1-8. " 01/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atropine sulfate for prevention of bradyarrhythmia during laparoscopic surgery. " 09/01/1992 - "Atropine reversed the bradycardia and improved measured cardiovascular parameters." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	OxygenIBA 01/01/1994 - "Bradycardia has been shown to be beneficial for the normal and ischaemic heart because it improves diastolic perfusion and oxygen supply demand balance. " 03/01/1986 - "In contrast, in a dabbling duck (Anas platyrhynchos) bradycardia in short dives was eliminated by breathing oxygen before a dive. " 03/01/1986 - "Bradycardia was unaffected by breathing oxygen before a dive, but was virtually eliminated by local anaesthesia of the narial region. " 01/01/2006 - "BACKGROUND: Physiological monitoring studies indicate that some preterm infants experience episodes of oxygen desaturation, apnoea, or bradycardia when seated in standard car safety seats. " 11/01/2005 - "Physiological monitoring studies have shown that some preterm infants who are otherwise ready for hospital discharge experience episodes of oxygen desaturation, apnoea, or bradycardia when seated in standard car safety seats. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1980 - "In this study we compared the dose needed to lower blood pressure upon i.c.v. infusion with the dose of 5 mg/kg x day dl-propranolol, which we reported earlier to induce a long lasting bradycardia and antihypertensive effect when infused s.c. " 10/20/1978 - "Four patients had to be excluded from the study because they developed either marked bradycardia or anxiety states or paraesthesias after propranolol (3 x 40 mg/d). " 03/01/2006 - "Attenuation of propranolol-induced bradycardia observed in the lipid emulsion group approached statistical significance (0% vs. 10.3%, p=0.06). " 03/01/1999 - "Side effects of propranolol included symptomatic bradycardia requiring reduction of dose in one of 15 patients. " 02/15/1999 - "In ferrets with both vagi sectioned and repeated infusions of propranolol, the vagally evoked, frequency-dependent bradycardia was significantly attenuated by infusion of TRIM (10-30 mg kg(-1)). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)FDA LinkGeneric 04/30/1998 - "The magnitude of the baroreceptor reflex mediated bradycardia, induced by a phenylephrine induced pressor response, was significantly greater in NK1 knockout mice (P < 0.001) compared to heterozygous and wild-type animals. " 11/03/1992 - "Comparable increments in blood pressure evoked by systemic AVP, as opposed to phenylephrine, were associated with significantly greater reflex bradycardia. " 02/01/1988 - "Bradycardia elicited by phenylephrine-induced increases in pressure was significantly greater after NTS injection of [Sar1, Thr8]Ang II. The slope of the pulse interval-arterial pressure relationship was 0.60 +/- 0.09 ms/mm Hg after injection, as compared with 0.42 +/- 0.07 ms/mm Hg before. " 01/01/2006 - "Phenylephrine (1-16 microg kg(-1)) was used to assess baroreflex bradycardia. " 05/01/2005 - "Moreover, the slope of the baroreflex bradycardia to phenylephrine was blunted in males (-5.6 +/- 0.3 to -2.9 +/- 0.5) but not in females (-6.5 +/- 0.5 to -5.6 +/- 0.3) during infusion of ANG II, suggesting that, in male mice, infusion of ANG II results in a resetting of the baroreflex control of HR. Ganglionic blockade resulted in greater reduction in BP on day 7 after ANG II infusion in males compared with females (-61.0 +/- 8.9 vs. -36.6 +/- 6.6 mmHg), suggesting an increased contribution of sympathetic nerve activity in arterial BP maintenance in male mice. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Atenolol (Tenormin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "CONCLUSION: The hybrid therapy adopted, OAS associated with the use of atenolol, reduced the rate of recurrent AF and improved the clinical-functional status of patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias." 01/01/1990 - "The administration of beta-adrenoceptor blockade (1.0 mg/kg atenolol) improved regional contractile function when heart rate was reduced from 220 to 165 beats/min. Atrial pacing during exercise to prevent the bradycardia following beta-adrenoceptor blockade eliminated the improved regional function and blood flow. " 01/01/1981 - "Two patients had to be withdrawn from the study during treatment with atenolol, as they developed severe bradycardia and dyspnoea, respectively. " 03/01/2009 - "RESULTS: Atenolol 2 mg kg(-1) i.v. did not change systolic BP (SBP), CVM firing rate and slope of the cardiac baroreflex analysed at CVM (SBP-CVM unit activity relationship) level, or at the heart level (SBP-RR interval relationship) but evoked a significant bradycardia. " 01/01/2007 - "The residual bradycardia under atenolol (parasympathetic component) was reduced in SHR. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Clonidine (ST 155)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1998 - "In this study, we investigated whether this effect of clonidine is related to facilitation of baroreceptor control of reflex bradycardia. " 01/01/1993 - "On the other hand, both low and high doses of clonidine induced bradycardia in the in vivo as well as in vitro studies." 02/01/2008 - "Physicians prescribing clonidine should monitor for bradycardia and advise patients about the high likelihood of initial drowsiness." 02/01/2008 - "RESULTS: There were more incidents of bradycardia in subjects treated with clonidine compared with those not treated with clonidine (17.5% versus 3.4%; p =.02), but no other significant group differences regarding electrocardiogram and other cardiovascular outcomes. " 02/20/2007 - "Clonidine-induced bradycardia in conscious alpha2ABC-/- mice was 32.3% (10 microg/kg) and 26.6% (100 microg/kg) of the effect in wild-type mice. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 08/13/2007 - "CONCLUSION: The risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring pacemaker insertion associated with amiodarone use for AF is significantly greater in women than in men, independent of weight or body mass index." 01/01/2007 - "Bradycardia usually improved after lowering of amiodarone dose. " 08/01/2007 - "RESULTS: One-hundred and two patients were included in the study (9 were excluded for bradycardia), and 25 received amiodarone treatment. " 10/01/2006 - "In the first 24 h of treatment with amiodarone, 22 patients (10 men and 12 women) were excluded from the study due to sinus bradycardia. " 01/15/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the use of amiodarone in elderly patients with AF and a previous MI increases the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 03/01/1983 - "Vagal blockade eliminated the bradycardia but otherwise did not alter the response to left atrial serotonin. " 11/01/2007 - "6. In conclusion, in the present study, experimental diabetes evoked changes in both the nature and 5-HT receptor types/subtypes involved in vagally induced bradycardia." 04/01/1997 - "In the present study, we analyzed in conscious rats the effects of microinjections of serotonin (5-HT; pmol range) into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) on basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) and also on the reflex bradycardia induced by the activation of the baro- and chemoreflex evaluated 1 min after 5-HT microinjection into the NTS. " 03/01/1986 - "This study has demonstrated, therefore, that the 5-HT induced bradycardia is produced by not only a centrally mediated decrease in sympathetic tone, but also an increase in vagal drive to the heart. " 06/01/2009 - "Within the first two postnatal weeks, the medullary 5-HT system plays an important role in cardiorespiratory control, mitigating spontaneous bradycardia, stabilizing the breathing pattern, and dampening the hypercapnic Ve response." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	bipiperidyl mustard (BPM)IBA 05/30/2007 - "Exercise training induced resting bradycardia (340+/-5 vs. 316+/-8 bpm) and improvement in baroreflex tachycardic response (3.4+/-0.31 vs. 2.7+/-0.06 bpm/mmHg in SC) and chemoreflex bradycardic (145+/-12 vs. 78+/-7 bpm in SC) and pressor (49+/-5 vs. 22+/-3 mmHg in SC) responses in control rats. " 07/01/2008 - "The primary study variable was the combined event rate of desaturations (SpO2 <85%) and bradycardias (heart rate <80 bpm). " 10/01/2009 - "Resting bradycardia was observed in T (332 +/- 7 bpm) compared with S animals (357 +/- 10 bpm), whereas AP did not differ between groups. " 04/01/2009 - "Ten of the 15 acidemia infants developed CP and all had shown bradycardia > or =13 min with a nadir <80 bpm. " 01/01/2009 - "Ictal bradycardia was defined by HR less than 60 beat per min (bpm) and a fall of more than 30 bpm. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium Bromide)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1986 - "With the administration of glycopyrrolate, the bradycardia was minimized, but cardiac performance was not improved. " 08/01/2008 - "Our pilot study demonstrates that glycopyrrolate may replace temporary pacemaker insertion in these patients at high risk for symptomatic bradycardia." 11/01/2007 - "Bradycardia (HR < 40 minute(-1) lasting >5 minutes) was corrected with 0.01 mg kg(-1) IV glycopyrrolate. " 09/01/2007 - "We evaluated the effect of this bradycardia on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation by administration of the anticholinergic drug glycopyrrolate (Glp). " 09/01/2007 - "Glycopyrrolate prevents extreme bradycardia and cerebral deoxygenation during electroconvulsive therapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 12/01/1974 - "Bradycardia persisting after cholinergic blockade was significantly greater after injections into the coronary artery supplying the sinus node than it was after injections into the contralateral artery. " 09/01/2005 - "Peribulbar injections cause further increases in blood pressure and mild bradycardia. " 12/01/2003 - "Bilateral intra-NTS injections of CART antibody (1:500) potentiated PE-induced bradycardia. " 12/01/1998 - "Bradycardia, augmentation of ventricular contractions, and reduction of perfusion pressure were prominent responses to bolus injections of NKA (0. " 05/01/1995 - "In conscious rats, i.v. injections of alpha-Me-5-HT (5-125 micrograms/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure with concomitant bradycardia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Vagotomy 06/01/1987 - "The CIM bradycardia was not affected by supracollicular decerebration, but substantially reduced by unilateral vagotomy and completely eliminated by bilateral vagotomy. " 02/01/2009 - "A bilateral vagotomy completely abolished Ucn3-induced bradycardia. " 12/19/2007 - "Ipsilateral or bilateral vagotomy significantly attenuated MCH-induced bradycardia. " 10/03/2003 - "The HR response was mediated by vagal excitation as ipsilateral vagotomy abolished the bradycardia response. " 05/01/2000 - "Bradycardia and LOS responses were abolished after chronic supranodose vagotomy, indicating that they were due to stimulation of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones, not antidromic stimulation of afferents. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Resuscitation 05/01/2009 - "At birth, resuscitation efforts were instituted because of a lack of spontaneous breathing and bradycardia. " 12/01/1996 - "The ECG showed extreme bradycardia refractory to resuscitation manoeuvres. " 07/01/1996 - "Consensus was identified for deciding on cesarean delivery (after intrauterine resuscitation) 1) after 30 minutes for cases of repetitive late and severe variable decelerations, 2) after 10 minutes in cases of fetal bradycardia, and 3) in all scenarios with decreased beat-to-beat variability of the FHR. " 08/01/1995 - "There was a 2% (2 of 113) complication rate, with 1 being a minor incident of fetal bradycardia that responded easily to intrauterine resuscitation. " 06/01/1994 - "The infant converted from a slow idioventricular rhythm to sinus bradycardia at 49 minutes (20.4 degrees C) into the resuscitation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Anesthesia 05/01/1994 - "This study sought to determine the frequency of bradycardia during anesthesia in infants (0 to 1 yr) compared to that in older children, describe causes and morbidity, and identify factors that influence its frequency. " 03/01/2010 - "Severe bradycardia after anesthesia before electroconvulsive therapy." 02/01/2010 - "Furthermore, TCP can also be used on patients diagnosed with bradyarrhythmias that require temporary pacing at the induction of anesthesia for the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. " 02/01/2010 - "Transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP) can be used in dogs with a high risk for bradyarrhythmias prior to anesthesia, either in an emergency room or intensive care unit setting. " 01/01/2009 - "Bradycardia or sinus arrest is a well-known complication during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 12/14/2005 - "In C57BL/6J but not FVB/J mice, the bradycardia was abolished with SA under mechanical ventilation. " 08/01/1999 - "The infant girl was born by cesarean section, because of fetal bradycardia, after 41 weeks gestation and received mechanical ventilation for 3 days. " 05/01/2006 - "Three tests of extubation success were evaluated: (a) expired V e during ET CPAP; (b) ratio of V e during ET CPAP to V e during mechanical ventilation (V e ratio); (c) the spontaneous breathing test (SBT)-the infant passed this test if there was no hypoxia or bradycardia during ET CPAP. " 03/01/1986 - "The revealing sign was the occurrence, at age 11 days, of frequent apneas with bradycardia, needing mechanical ventilation associated with adapted antibiotic therapy for 14 days. " 06/01/2009 - "The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, length of stay, days of mechanical ventilation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, apnea, bradycardia; baseline, 24 and 48 h lactacidemia, submersion time, swimming pool watchers of the victims. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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