Azurin

A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm.

Also Known As:

Networked: 83 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Chakrabarty, Ananda M: 16 articles (01/2016 - 10/2002)
2.	Das Gupta, Tapas K: 15 articles (09/2011 - 10/2002)
3.	Fialho, Arsenio M: 12 articles (01/2020 - 10/2005)
4.	Yamada, Tohru: 12 articles (01/2014 - 10/2002)
5.	Bizzarri, Anna Rita: 9 articles (01/2019 - 07/2007)
6.	Cannistraro, Salvatore: 9 articles (01/2019 - 07/2007)
7.	Beattie, Craig W: 7 articles (01/2014 - 01/2009)
8.	Bernardes, Nuno: 6 articles (09/2021 - 01/2013)
9.	Hong, Chang Soo: 5 articles (01/2015 - 08/2006)
10.	Hashimoto, Wataru: 4 articles (01/2015 - 08/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 07/15/2005 - "Further biophysical studies may assist the design of novel cancer treatments that are based on azurin." 06/26/2023 - "Computational Modeling, High-Level Soluble Expression and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin: A Promising Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Candidate." 01/01/2023 - "aeruginosa and azurin in their tumors and exhibited increased overall survival when they did, and that azurin administration reduced tumor growth in transgenic mice. " 01/01/2023 - "aeruginosa upregulated azurin secretion in response to increasing numbers of and proximity to cancer cells. " 01/01/2023 - "However, the structural and mechanistic basis of azurin-mediated tumor suppression remains elusive. "
2.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 06/28/2023 - "Thus, when the azurin gene is used as a breast cancer treatment agent, it can be expressed in healthy cells without toxic effects." 01/01/2013 - "The invasive phenotype of these breast cancer cells was significantly reduced by azurin. " 06/01/2019 - "After treatment of various breast cancer cell lines with increasing concentrations of GrB-Azurin, quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to measure relative expression of p21, Fas and DR5 pro-apoptotic genes. " 09/01/2020 - "Co-expression of azurin and MAM-A genes could induce apoptosis and necrosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells by up-regulation of BAK, FAS, and BAX genes. " 03/25/2004 - "In vivo injection of azurin in immunodeficient mice harboring xenografted human breast cancer cells in the mammary fat pad leads to statistically significant regression (85%, P = 0.0179, Kruskal-Wallis Test) of the tumor. "
3.	Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma) 09/01/2007 - "In our previous study, we demonstrated that azurin could selectively trigger apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS cells. " 03/01/2005 - "This study was designed to explore the effects of azurin on apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell line U2OS, and its molecular mechanism. " 03/01/2005 - "Azurin could selectively induce apoptosis of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. " 01/01/2005 - "The recombinant AZURIN inhibit the growth of the human osteosarcoma U2OS cells and inducs apoptosis in vitroìwhich may be associated with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential." 01/01/2005 - "[Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells induced by recombinant soluble AZURIN]."
4.	Infections 01/01/2020 - "In conclusion, our study proposes that azurin is a potential prophylactic or preventive helper candidate to inhibit the attachment and invasion of pathogenic bacteria to host cells and reduce the progression of the infection process. " 01/01/2020 - "Thus, this study provides new opportunities to use azurin as an adjunct therapy against critical stages of infection by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria." 02/01/1990 - "By probing recombinant bacteriophages encoding the H.8 and azurin domains of Laz, results showed that whereas the H.8 epitope is immunogenic in patients with disseminated Neisseria infections, the azurin domain of Laz plays little role in eliciting an antibody response in these patients." 01/01/2020 - "The expression level of the azurin gene was statistically higher in the isolates collected from the blood of burns patients with systemic infection compared to the isolates collected from other specimens (wound, catheter and tissue), which shows a positive correlation between azurin gene expression and increased pathogenicity and capability for dissemination. " 08/01/2006 - "The presence of both antimalarial and antiretroviral activity in azurin, H.8-azurin and Laz makes these proteins, or peptides derived from them, potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of malaria, HIV-1 infections or coinfections with both P. "
5.	Brain Neoplasms (Brain Tumor) 12/01/2019 - "After overcoming two phase I trials, a functional region of Azurin called p28 has been approved as a drug for the treatment of brain tumor glioma by FDA. " 01/01/2015 - "Azurin, isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, termed Paz, demonstrates anticancer activity against a range of cancers but not against brain tumors. " 01/01/2015 - "It has been previously reported that Laz has an additional 39 amino acid moiety, called an H.8 epitope, in the N-terminal part of the azurin moiety that allows Laz to cross the entry barrier to brain tumors such as glioblastomas. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
2.	Copper
3.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
4.	Amino Acids
5.	Acids
6.	azurin (50-77)
7.	Bacterial Proteins (Bacterial Protein)
8.	cupredoxin
9.	Chitosan
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Catheters
3.	Precision Medicine
4.	Electrodes (Electrode)
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)