Anaphylatoxins

Serum peptides derived from certain cleaved COMPLEMENT PROTEINS during COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. They induce smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; mast cell HISTAMINE RELEASE; PLATELET AGGREGATION; and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine.

Also Known As:

Networked: 563 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 45 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wetsel, Rick A: 16 articles (01/2020 - 11/2002)
2.	Ward, Peter A: 14 articles (11/2020 - 05/2002)
3.	Köhl, Jörg: 13 articles (01/2020 - 03/2003)
4.	Lambris, John D: 11 articles (10/2018 - 10/2002)
5.	Huber-Lang, Markus: 10 articles (12/2020 - 05/2002)
6.	Gerard, Craig: 7 articles (11/2016 - 12/2002)
7.	Klos, Andreas: 6 articles (01/2021 - 01/2013)
8.	Gebhard, Florian: 6 articles (12/2020 - 01/2012)
9.	Huber-Lang, Markus S: 6 articles (01/2020 - 10/2002)
10.	Sarma, J Vidya: 6 articles (04/2013 - 05/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Infections 04/15/2014 - "In this study, we investigated the anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR) in Chlamydia psittaci lung infection and elucidated C3a-dependent adaptive immune mechanisms. " 02/01/2015 - "albicans infection was largely dependent on the anaphylatoxin C5a. " 11/15/2014 - "The C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR1) protects against Listeria monocytogenes infection by inhibiting type 1 IFN expression." 01/01/2014 - "aureus infection and decreased anaphylatoxin generation. " 11/01/2009 - "(1) The median AF C5a concentration was higher in women at term than that of those in the midtrimester (p = 0.02); (2) Spontaneous labor at term was not associated with changes in AF concentrations of anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a, and C5a (all p > 0.05); (3) Among patients with PTL who delivered preterm, those with MIAC had higher AF C4a and C5a concentrations than those without infection (p < 0.01); and (4) AF C3a, C4a, and C5a concentrations were higher in patients with PTL with MIAC than in those with PTL without MIAC who delivered at term. "
2.	Sepsis (Septicemia) 12/01/1996 - "HF effectively eliminated the anaphylatoxins C3adesArg and C5adesArg during sepsis. " 01/01/2020 - "Our studies of polymicrobial sepsis have highlighted the role of complement activation products (especially C5a anaphylatoxin and its receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2) in adverse effects of sepsis. " 06/19/2023 - "Anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors C5aR1 and -2 are known to be involved in sepsis pathogenesis, with C5aR1 mainly exerting pro-inflammatory effects. " 07/02/2008 - "Especially the anaphylatoxin C5a has been shown to have numerous harmful effects during sepsis. " 06/15/2007 - "We previously reported that generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a is linked to the development of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis due to C5a interaction with its receptor (C5aR) on cardiomyocytes. "
3.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 12/01/1984 - "Consequently, longitudinal monitoring of anaphylatoxin levels may prove helpful in diagnosing the status of trauma patients." 01/01/2017 - "The CS was found to be activated early in the diabetic wounds as demonstrated by increased anaphylatoxin C5a in wound fluid and C3-fragment deposition by immunostaining. " 07/01/1992 - "The anaphylatoxin C3a or its desArg form (C3a/desArg) generated during complement activation could be detected in the vicinity of incised skin wounds of guinea pigs using immunoblotting methods. " 09/01/1986 - "This raises a note of caution with regard to diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions based on anaphylatoxin assessment of neurosurgical trauma patients at risk of ARDS." 09/01/1997 - "The expression of the C5aR by astrocytes suggests new roles for the C5a anaphylatoxin in reactive astrogliosis to CNS injuries."
4.	Acute Lung Injury 11/01/2016 - "C5L2, the Second C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor, Suppresses LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury." 01/01/2012 - "Role of C3, C5 and anaphylatoxin receptors in acute lung injury and in sepsis." 12/01/2009 - "Importantly, however, blockade of FcgammaRIV is also effective in inhibiting phagocytosis and cytokine production in IgG2b-induced anemia and acute lung injury, processes that display a further dependence on C5a anaphylatoxin receptor. " 09/01/2015 - "In this study, we analyzed the role of complement-derived anaphylatoxins in the pathogenesis of experimental acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in C57BL/6J mice. " 09/01/2015 - "Experimental design of complement component 5a-induced acute lung injury (C5a-ALI): a role of CC-chemokine receptor type 5 during immune activation by anaphylatoxin."
5.	Bacterial Meningitis 07/15/1997 - "The anaphylatoxin C5a has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis as a potent mediator of inflammation in the subarachnoid space. " 11/01/2019 - "Genetic variation studies, complement level measurements in blood and CSF, and experimental work have together led to the identification of anaphylatoxin C5a as a promising treatment target in bacterial meningitis. " 04/01/1998 - "The receptor for complement anaphylatoxin C3a is expressed by myeloid cells and nonmyeloid cells in inflamed human central nervous system: analysis in multiple sclerosis and bacterial meningitis."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)
2.	Cytokines
3.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)
4.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
5.	Lysine Carboxypeptidase (Carboxypeptidase N)
6.	Acids
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8.	cobra venom factor
9.	CD55 Antigens (Decay Accelerating Factor)
10.	tranilast

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Punctures
3.	Ligation
4.	Kidney Transplantation
5.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)