Agoraphobia

01/01/1999 - "A previous study with agoraphobia/panic patients found that the BZ alprazolam impaired memory during an 8-week treatment and residual impairments were still manifest several weeks after drug withdrawal (Curran et al. 1994). "
01/01/1999 - "Long-term effects of alprazolam on memory: a 3.5 year follow-up of agoraphobia/panic patients."
10/01/1991 - "House calls and alprazolam for agoraphobia."
01/01/1987 - "A double blind study of alprazolam and placebo in 118 patients with agoraphobia and panic is presented. "
04/01/1984 - "Alprazolam appears to produce rapid and specific clinical improvement in patients with severe agoraphobia and panic attacks and deserves further evaluation under double-blind conditions."

12/01/1993 - "Both behavior-modification methods and antidepressants have proved to be effective in the treatment of agoraphobia. "
05/20/2020 - "This perspective can explain many evidences that otherwise remain isolated elements without a comprehensive frame: i.e., the association with agoraphobia, the onset of PD during adolescence and young adult life, the need to be accompanied, the connection with air hunger and other respiratory anomalies, the efficacy of antidepressants and the lack of activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axe. "
09/01/2023 - "The associations of existing antidepressant medication with panic and agoraphobia symptom burden and their change in the context of a structured 5‑week day hospital and exposure-focused treatment in a naturalistic setting were investigated. "
12/01/2019 - "In multivariate analysis, hypovitaminosis D has been significantly associated with, respectively, higher suicide risk (aOR = 2.67 [1.31-5.46], p = 0.01), agoraphobia (aOR = 3.37 [1.66-6.85], p < 0.0001), antidepressant consumption (aOR = 2.52 [1.37-4.64], p < 0.001), negative symptoms (aOR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07], p = 0.04), decreased functioning (aOR = 0.97[0.95-0.99], p = 0.01), and increased leucocytosis (aOR = 1.17 [1.04-1.32], p = 0.01) independently of age and gender. "
10/01/2010 - "A group of 47 patients with lifetime comorbid BD (n = 35, 74.5%) or otherwise resistant to antidepressants (n = 12, 25.6%), from a population of 326 consecutive outpatients with PD-Agoraphobia evaluated and treated at the Psychiatric Institute of the University of Pisa from 1991 to 1995, and followed for a period of 3 years. "

08/01/1992 - "The results support the hypothesis that successful imipramine maintenance treatment of patients with panic and agoraphobia can have protective effects against relapse, at least in the first 6 months after the maintenance treatment period."
06/01/1988 - "This study was designed to see whether the high vs low serum level of imipramine influenced the outcome of in vivo exposure therapy on patients with agoraphobia. "
06/01/1987 - "Initial depression and response to imipramine in agoraphobia."
05/01/1987 - "Imipramine treatment of agoraphobia."
09/01/1986 - "At 1 month but not subsequently, imipramine and flooding had significant effects on central measures of agoraphobia. "

07/24/2020 - "Agoraphobia subscale was associated with panic symptoms, depression, anxiety, and the duration of benzodiazepines use.The"
11/01/2011 - "Twenty chronically benzodiazepine-medicated and 20 benzodiazepine-free patients with PD with agoraphobia were compared with a group of 20 normal control participants, group-matched for age, education, and gender on a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing short-term, episodic long-term, and semantic memory, as well as visuoconstructive abilities. "
06/01/2006 - "Patients were not excluded based on the presence of agoraphobia, diagnostic comorbidity, concurrent use of PRN benzodiazepine medications, or previous nonresponse to psychotherapy for PD. "
07/01/1994 - "Indications for benzodiazepines include acute stress reactions, episodic anxiety, fluctuations in generalised anxiety, and as initial treatment for severe panic and agoraphobia. "
06/01/1997 - "The strongest support for combined treatment is for the addition of cognitive behavior therapy to pharmacotherapy for patients with agoraphobia and for those whose benzodiazepine treatment is being discontinued. "

05/01/1988 - "The efficacy of clomipramine hydrochloride in the treatment of agoraphobia was investigated in an eight-week placebo-controlled double-blind study. "
02/01/1989 - "Seventeen outpatients with panic anxiety and agoraphobia were treated with a low, flexible dose of clomipramine in an 8-week open trial. "
12/01/1993 - "The authors examined the effects of clomipramine on agoraphobia in patients who failed to respond to exposure-based behavioral treatment. "
01/01/1993 - "Clomipramine, a better reference drug for panic/agoraphobia. "
01/01/1993 - "Clomipramine, a better reference drug for panic/agoraphobia. "

01/01/1988 - "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) have been shown to be significantly superior to placebo in the treatment of some anxiety disorders, particularly agoraphobia and mixed anxiety--depressive states. "
01/01/1990 - "In addition to being effective in depressive disorders, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have been shown to be effective in controlled studies of patient with panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, atypical depression or mixed anxiety and depression, bulimia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder. "
01/01/1983 - "discrete episodes of severe acute anxiety with clear "onset" and "offset" are frequently associated with agoraphobia and respond to tricyclic and MAO-inhibitor antidepressants. "
12/01/1982 - "Tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of agoraphobia."
03/01/1985 - "This article reviews the evidence on the efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and of alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. "

12/01/1976 - "Propranolol was effective in treating acute pathological panic, but modest doses of the drug administered for brief periods of time did not alleviate chronic panic attacks associated with agoraphobia. "
02/01/2016 - "These meta-analyses found no statistically significant differences between the efficacy of propranolol and benzodiazepines regarding the short-term treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. "
12/01/1991 - "We studied the efficacy of propranolol (Inderal) compared to alprazolam (Xanax) in 29 patients with a diagnosis of agoraphobia with panic disorder or panic disorder with or without limited phobic avoidance in a 6-week double-blind controlled experiment. "
02/01/1989 - "The results generally support the efficacy of alprazolam, but not propranolol, in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. "
02/01/1991 - "Fifty-five young adult patients completed a study comparing alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. "

07/01/2015 - "This study compares the differential efficacy of three groups of treatments for agoraphobia: paroxetine combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, paroxetine combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure, and a group with only paroxetine. "
08/01/1997 - "As shown in 3 short term placebo-controlled trials in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, oral paroxetine 10 to 60 mg/day is significantly more effective than placebo for most variables measuring reduction in panic attack frequency. "
08/01/1997 - " Oral paroxetine 10 to 60 mg/day is significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the frequency of panic attacks and improving associated symptoms, as shown in short term trials in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. "
01/01/2004 - "Paroxetine CR also demonstrated efficacy in three well designed studies in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. "
12/01/2010 - "In an open randomized, multicenter, primary-care study, 60 patients (44 women and 16 men) with PD with or without agoraphobia were enrolled and randomized to receive a slow up-titration with paroxetine (increments of 2.5 mg/day every 2 days) or a standard one (increments of 10 mg/day every week) up to a maximum daily dose of 20 mg. Repeated-measures anova on sub-items scores of the Panic Attack Anticipatory Anxiety Scale (PAAS) and Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES), respectively, used as outcome measures of effectiveness and tolerability, were performed. "

01/01/2022 - "To identify drug classes and individual selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with high rates of remission and low risk of adverse events in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. "
05/01/2010 - "A randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or both combined for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: treatment results through 1-year follow-up."
08/01/2000 - "This review article summarizes comparator-controlled, short-term studies with currently available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. "
09/05/2013 - "Rate of improvement during and across three treatments for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or both combined."
01/01/2009 - "Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A) is common and can be treated effectively with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication or cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT). "

05/01/1989 - "The authors followed up 107 patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks who had been placed on a regimen of tricyclic antidepressant treatment 1 to 4 years earlier. "
05/01/1989 - "Problems with tricyclic antidepressant use in patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia: results of a naturalistic follow-up study."
03/01/1989 - "Follow-up study of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks treated with tricyclic antidepressants."
08/01/1988 - "The treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with tricyclic antidepressants."
03/01/1989 - "One hundred and seven patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were studied 1-4 years after treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant. "

03/15/2015 - "Agoraphobia improved significantly in both groups, 1 week and 3 months after therapy. "
11/01/1995 - "Among psychological therapies, cognitive therapy and exposure therapy in agoraphobia have been shown to be effective. "
05/01/1995 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive and performance-based therapy of agoraphobia. "
12/01/2022 - "Automated VR therapy can deliver clinical improvement in agoraphobia for these patients, leading to a number of wider benefits."
06/01/2020 - "The remarkable adherence to the therapy program by study participants and the program's clinically relevant effects indicate that AAT with dogs can be used to reduce perceived stress and symptoms of agoraphobia, and to improve social awareness and communication in adults with ASD with normal to high intelligence."

08/01/2008 - "The present article reviews the current status of pharmacotherapy for PD with or without agoraphobia as well as the current status of treatments combing pharmacotherapy with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). "
05/01/1992 - "Panic and agoraphobia's sequence of improvement during pharmacotherapy."
04/01/1988 - "Drug therapy for agoraphobia."
04/01/1987 - "We explored a causal sequence between panic and avoidance to provide recommendations for psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination in treating agoraphobia. "
01/01/1981 - "Current drug therapy for agoraphobia."

10/01/1987 - "Five years after treatment in a controlled trial, in which all had received self-exposure homework, a group of 40 agoraphobic outpatients retained marked improvement in agoraphobia, mood, and free-floating anxiety. "
01/01/2018 - "We compared changes in neural activation by measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of 51 patients and 51 healthy controls between scans before and those after treatment (group by time interaction) during anticipation and observation of agoraphobia-specific compared to neutral pictures using 3-T fMRI. "
03/01/1996 - "Whereas 94% of the low agoraphobia Ss were free of panic after treatment, only 52% of the high agoraphobia Ss became panic-free. "
01/01/1990 - "This article presents the Agoraphobia Scale (AS), and evidence for its reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change after treatment. "
11/01/1980 - "The assessor's ratings suggested that there had been little change in the patients' agoraphobia since six months after treatment. "

01/01/1991 - "The introduction of hypnosis provided this young woman with long term relief from her symptoms of agoraphobia and panic. "
01/01/2023 - "The goal of this study was to investigate whether hypnotherapy (HT) was superior to a waitlist control group (WL) in the reduction of agoraphobia-related symptoms. "
01/01/2023 - "Hypnotherapy for agoraphobia-Feasibility and efficacy investigated in a pilot study."
04/01/2007 - "Cognitive, behavioral, and hypnotherapeutic techniques are integrated to provide an effective cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) treatment for IBS-induced agoraphobia. "
04/01/2007 - "However, there is little written about the integration of CBT and hypnotherapy in the treatment of IBS and a lack of clinical information about IBS-induced agoraphobia. "

01/01/2017 - "Participants were 130 patients with PD (79% with agoraphobia) who received 24 twice-weekly sessions of panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or applied relaxation therapy. "
01/01/2023 - "EFFECT OF VAGAL NERVE STIMULATION AND JACOBSON RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ON AGORAPHOBIA AMONG POST NEUROLOGICAL ILL-PATIENTS."
08/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to address claims that among bona fide treatments no one is more efficacious than another by comparing the relative efficacy of cognitive therapy (CT) and relaxation therapy (RT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder without agoraphobia (PD). "