Acanthosis Nigricans

A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.

Also Known As:

Networked: 634 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 44 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance
2.	Hyperandrogenism
3.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
4.	HAIR-AN syndrome
5.	Hypertrichosis

Experts

1.	Qu, Shen: 6 articles (04/2019 - 07/2015)
2.	Treesirichod, Arucha: 4 articles (07/2022 - 01/2015)
3.	Wang, Xingchun: 4 articles (01/2018 - 07/2015)
4.	Semple, Robert K: 3 articles (03/2022 - 01/2007)
5.	Chaithirayanon, Suthida: 3 articles (11/2021 - 01/2015)
6.	Kroumpouzos, George: 3 articles (09/2019 - 06/2013)
7.	Essam, R M: 3 articles (06/2019 - 09/2018)
8.	Hilal, R F: 3 articles (06/2019 - 09/2018)
9.	Zaki, N S: 3 articles (06/2019 - 09/2018)
10.	Zhu, Cuiling: 3 articles (04/2019 - 01/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acanthosis Nigricans:

1.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2019 - "Effectiveness and Safety of Metformin versus Canthex™ in Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial." 10/01/2002 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metformin in very obese subjects with acanthosis nigricans. " 09/01/2017 - "Acanthosis Nigricans and Its Response to Metformin." 12/01/2009 - "Recovery of acanthosis nigricans under prolonged metformin treatment in an adolescent with normal weight." 01/01/1997 - "We report the treatment of a 14-year-old Indian boy with acanthosis nigricans and hyperinsulinaemia with metformin in an attempt to improve his skin lesions. "
2.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1996 - "Efficacy of topical tretinoin was assessed in 30 cases of idiopathic acanthosis nigricans which were recalcitrant to conventional modalities of treatment. " 05/01/2023 - "Comparing the efficacy and safety profiles of 0.025% and 0.05% tretinoin creams in treating acanthosis nigricans: a randomized double-blinded study." 05/01/2023 - "Both the 0.025% and 0.05% tretinoin creams were efficacious in acanthosis nigricans treatment with 17.1 ± 8.0% improvement and 18.4 ± 9.8% improvement after 8 weeks treatment by reflectance spectrophotometry measurement, respectively. " 05/01/1996 - "Topical tretinoin in acanthosis nigricans." 08/01/1991 - "Treatment of acanthosis nigricans with tretinoin."
3.	Urea (Carbamide)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2022 - "This study aimed to assess the efficacy of topical 20% urea cream compared to 10% urea cream in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents. " 06/07/2023 - "Following diagnosis, we treated acanthosis nigricans with 10% urea cream. " 07/01/2022 - "The efficacy and safety of 20% urea cream and 10% urea cream in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents, a randomized comparative double-blind study." 07/01/2022 - "Urea cream improves neck hyperpigmentation associated with acanthosis nigricans in adolescents, in which the 20% concentration shows superior efficacy to the 10% concentration." 11/01/2021 - "However, the efficacy of 0.025% tretinoin was significantly better than 10% urea in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans. "
4.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2023 - "For the adjustment variables, associations were verified for duration of diabetes, age, body mass index z-score, lack of running water, insulin use, and acanthosis nigricans. " 04/01/2020 - "Exogenous Insulin-Induced Localized Acanthosis Nigricans: A Rare Injection Site Complication." 01/01/2019 - "The relevant analysis between hyperinsulinaemia and IR and clinical characteristics showed that weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, acanthosis nigricans score and menstrual period were significantly correlated with fasting insulin (FIN) and HOMA-IR. " 11/26/2018 - "Acanthosis nigricans at sites of insulin injection in a man with diabetes." 09/01/2016 - "Acanthosis nigricans, the average HOMA1-IR, insulin, CRP, ESR, age, BMI Z score and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significant in the group with potential surgical indication. "
5.	Adapalene (Differin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2015 - "Efficacy of topical 0.1% adapalene gel for use in the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study." 01/01/2015 - "The efficacy of topical 0.1% adapalene gel for use in the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study." 01/01/2015 - "To assess the degree of improvement of neck hyperpigmentation in childhood acanthosis nigricans (AN) after treatment with topical 0.1% adapalene gel and the assessment of localized tissue tolerance to the gel. " 05/01/2019 - "Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 0.1% adapalene gel and 0.025% tretinoin cream in the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans."
6.	Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)FDA Link 01/01/2002 - "Acanthosis nigricans plaques can be managed by improved control of hyperinsulinemia; the vitamin D3 analog calcipitriol has also been shown to be effective. " 01/01/2004 - "Several drugs including metformin, octreotide, retinoids and topical colecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) analogs are also beneficial in clearing acanthosis nigricans."
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "Moreover, this association was independent of T2 and T1 metabolic risk factors (acanthosis nigricans, BMI, fasting glucose) (β = 1.03, CI = 0.10, 1.97). " 03/01/2011 - "Although diagnosis of these syndromes is complicated by the variability of their natural history, several presenting features are common to all severe IR syndromes including disturbed glucose metabolism (either hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia), acanthosis nigricans and severe ovarian dysfunction in lean individuals. " 01/01/2011 - "Assess the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism among Hispanic parents of children with acanthosis nigricans (AN). " 01/01/2011 - "Abnormal glucose metabolism in Hispanic parents of children with acanthosis nigricans." 09/01/2010 - "Three of them had mild acanthosis nigricans but had normal glucose tolerance. "
8.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 05/01/2009 - "Data on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, presence of acanthosis nigricans and blood glucose were collected. " 11/01/2022 - "Logistic regression revealed that systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >85 mmHg, waist circumference >90 cm, TG >150 mg/dl, HDL-c <45 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dl, and serum chemerin >300 ng/ml were significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for AN. Acanthosis nigricans is a non-invasive and reliable sign of the underlying MetS and increased serum chemerin levels among individuals with obesity." 07/01/1998 - "There were significant associations between PCO and menstrual irregularity; infertility; the Ferriman and Gallwey score for body hair distribution; the presence of acanthosis nigricans and the fasting blood glucose concentration. " 09/01/2015 - "This study identified risk factors (ie, high-risk racial/ethnic group, overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated casual blood glucose, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans) for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in underserved children with or without a family history of diabetes during annual preschool health screenings. " 03/01/2008 - "Among them 986 subjects were evaluated in the second phase of the study which included anthropometric measurements, examination for blood pressure and Acanthosis Nigricans, blood tests such as blood glucose, fasting lipids. "
9.	Insulin ReceptorIBA 07/01/2010 - "The involvement of insulin receptor genotypes in pre- and co-obese acanthosis Nigricans children and adolescent." 09/08/1997 - "Insulin receptor defects in the erythrocytes of obese Indian women with Acanthosis Nigricans." 12/15/2017 - "Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene (INSR) which is mapped to 19p13.2. RMS is characterized by acanthosis nigricans, generalized lanugo, tooth and nail dysplasia, high nasal bridge, and growth retardation. " 10/01/2016 - "A novel insulin receptor mutation in an adolescent with acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism." 05/01/2002 - "We examined the properties of a mutant insulin receptor (IR) with an Arg(252) to Cys (IR(R252C)) substitution in the alpha-subunit originally identified in a patient with extreme insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. "
10.	Gonadal Steroid Hormones (Sex Hormones)IBA 12/02/2014 - "And there may be some relationship between the abnormal levels of lepin and sex hormone in benign acanthosis nigricans." 04/01/2019 - "This study was performed to explore the alterations of sex hormones and inflammatory markers following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) among obese Chinese men with acanthosis nigricans (AN). " 09/01/2019 - "Cutaneous diseases that are sex hormone mediated, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, acne vulgaris, and pattern alopecia, have been associated with insulin resistance and increased risk for MetS. " 01/01/2018 - "Skin diseases that are sex hormone mediated, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, acne vulgaris, and pattern alopecia, have been associated with insulin resistance. " 12/02/2014 - "Benign acanthosis nigricans is associated with abnormal levels of lepin, adiponectin and sex hormone. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gastrectomy 09/04/2023 - "Clinical factors associated with remission of obese acanthosis nigricans after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective cohort study." 07/01/2016 - "The biopsy of the skin lesion revealed a diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans, He underwent a total gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. " 11/07/2017 - "This study is aimed to observe the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on body composition and insulin resistance in Chinese obese patients with acanthosis nigricans. " 11/07/2017 - "Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy improves body composition and alleviates insulin resistance in obesity related acanthosis nigricans." 01/01/2023 - "Resolution of Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans (HAIR-AN) Syndrome After Sleeve Gastrectomy."
2.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2023 - "In this study, we concluded that both fractional CO2 and Q-switched lasers proved to be a safe and effective line of treatment of acanthosis nigricans." 08/01/2020 - "MeSH as well as non-MeSH terms such as "acanthosis nigricans," "classification," "pathophysiology," "diagnosis," "treatment," "topical drugs," "systemic drugs," "chemical peeling," and "lasers" were taken into consideration. " 07/01/2020 - "Fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser could be considered as an alternative treatment for acanthosis nigricans." 07/01/2020 - "To compare the efficacy of fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser versus 0.05% tretinoin cream for the treatment of acanthosis nigricans at neck, a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded study was conducted in 18 subjects with acanthosis nigricans at the neck. " 07/01/2020 - "Regarding to the average roughness, fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser was superior to 0.05% tretinoin cream for treatment of neck-acanthosis nigricans with less side effect. "
3.	Gas Lasers 01/01/2022 - "Fractional CO2 laser is a promising effective and well-tolerated treatment modality for pseudo-acanthosis nigricans." 07/25/2016 - "Unilateral nevoid acanthosis nigricans treated with CO2 laser." 01/01/2023 - "The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and the safety of fractional CO2 laser versus Qs Nd:YAG and KTP lasers in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans. " 03/01/2022 - "Comparative study between fractional carbon dioxide laser versus retinoic acid chemical peel in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans." 01/01/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser compared to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel in the treatment of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (pseudo-AN). "
4.	Solid-State Lasers 08/01/2004 - "The long-pulsed alexandrite laser can effectively and safely treat acanthosis nigricans of the axillae." 08/01/2004 - "The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of a long-pulsed alexandrite laser (5 msec) in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans of the axillae. " 08/01/2004 - "Treatment of Acanthosis nigricans of the axillae using a long-pulsed (5-msec) alexandrite laser." 01/01/2023 - "The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and the safety of fractional CO2 laser versus Qs Nd:YAG and KTP lasers in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans. " 01/01/2016 - "Comparison of long-pulsed alexandrite laser and topical tretinoin-ammonium lactate in axillary acanthosis nigricans: A case series of patients in a before-after trial."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1999 - "Malignant acanthosis nigricans: potential role of chemotherapy." 01/01/1988 - "Acanthosis nigricans disappeared under chemotherapy. " 10/01/2011 - "In our present study, we describe a case of 58-year-old man with acral type acanthosis nigricans and its association with carcinoma of the stomach; a marked improvement was seen in the skin condition of the patient with chemotherapy." 11/15/2014 - "We here report a case of 66-year-old Caucasian patient with metastatic prostate cancer and a mild form of acanthosis nigricans that preceded the diagnosis of malignancy and resolved with chemotherapy in parallel with the prostate cancer. " 02/01/1985 - "Cutaneous hyperpigmentation resembling acanthosis nigricans developed in two patients with malignant brain tumors following chemotherapy with triazinate (Baker's Antifol), a folic acid antagonist. "