secondary Syphilis

The second stage of Syphilis infection, after the SPIROCHETE has spread through the body. It is characterized by multiple mucocutaneous lesions, swollen LYMPH NODES, and systemic symptoms such as headache, hearing and balance loss, and visual disturbances.

Also Known As:

Networked: 387 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Syphilis
2.	Neurosyphilis (General Paresis of the Insane)
3.	Infections
4.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
5.	Chancre

Experts

1.	Zhou, Pingyu: 5 articles (11/2021 - 08/2005)
2.	Gu, Xin: 4 articles (11/2021 - 11/2010)
3.	Lu, Haikong: 4 articles (11/2021 - 11/2010)
4.	Gong, Weiming: 3 articles (11/2021 - 11/2010)
5.	Guan, Zhifang: 3 articles (11/2021 - 08/2012)
6.	Lukehart, Sheila A: 3 articles (01/2021 - 09/2015)
7.	Qian, Yihong: 3 articles (05/2018 - 11/2010)
8.	Shi, Mei: 2 articles (11/2021 - 05/2018)
9.	Wang, Cuini: 2 articles (11/2021 - 05/2018)
10.	Dupin, N: 2 articles (05/2021 - 11/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to secondary Syphilis:

1.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 08/01/1990 - "Serology was consistent with a diagnosis of secondary syphilis, and the patient's symptoms resolved completely six weeks after a course of penicillin." 12/01/1981 - "In this study, a pseudo-neoplastic lesion was detected in a patient with secondary syphilis and rapidly cured by penicillin." 05/14/2012 - "The man was diagnosed as having secondary syphilis, and responded well to treatment with intramuscular benzathin penicillin." 01/01/1967 - "[Trial treatment of primo-secondary syphilis with intravenous perfusion of penicillin. " 08/01/2017 - "Made the diagnosis of secondary syphilis, the patient responded to the treatment with benzyl penicillin with complete resolution of symptoms. "
2.	Penicillin G Benzathine (Benzathine Benzylpenicillin)FDA Link 09/01/2016 - "In this report, a case of secondary syphilis with gastric involvement that had complete remission with benzathine penicillin will be described." 01/01/2023 - "He was managed as secondary syphilis and received 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin. " 09/01/2022 - "According to epidemiological history, clinical presentation, non-treponemal tests, treponemal tests, and effective benzathine penicillin G treatment, confirmed secondary syphilis." 04/01/2021 - "On review of the patient's electronic medical record, the patient had previously received treatment for secondary syphilis with intramuscular benzathine penicillin G. " 01/01/2019 - "The EM eruptions resolved with treatment for secondary syphilis with benzathine penicillin G."
3.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/28/2019 - "All altered parameters improved with antibiotic treatment for secondary syphilis. " 01/01/2001 - "The effectiveness of various antibiotic regimens for the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis in pregnant women need to be assessed using randomised controlled trials which compare them with existing recommendations." 01/01/2022 - "Since the era of antibiotics, the frequency of secondary syphilis manifestations has declined. " 01/01/2015 - "One patient with secondary syphilis showed trichodynia that regressed completely after antibiotic therapy. " 12/01/2011 - "Unusual manifestations of secondary syphilis completely resolved after 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy."
4.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2018 - "Predominant themes in the presentations and discussion included the need for optimization of existing diagnostic tests, commercial availability, and Food and Drug Administration approval of nucleic acid amplification tests for primary and secondary syphilis, development of sensitive and specific new blood tests for diagnosis of active (vs treated) syphilis infection, clarification of the best measures for adequacy of response to treatment, continued study of complications of syphilis, including neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis, and development of a safe and effective vaccine that will protect against transmission and complications of disseminated infection (including congenital and neurosyphilis). " 06/01/2022 - "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was negative. Lyme disease testing was negative. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) showed a sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mixed demyelinating and axonal features. IVIG was continued for a total of five days, and antibiotics were changed to penicillin G (PCN G) for a total of 14 days for definitive treatment of early neurosyphilis (NS). While both clinical and laboratory findings confirm a positive diagnosis of NS, the patient's CSF composition showed very elevated total protein levels and pleocytosis. Additionally, his early peripheral neuropathy and EMG findings are not characteristics of a single disease and, instead, suggested a mixed pathology. We postulate that this patient had confirmed secondary syphilis with early NS associated with, and possibly correlated with, a simultaneous episode of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and/or a vaccine-related phenomenon."
5.	ReaginsIBA 07/01/2023 - "We planned a penile needle biopsy; however, the rapid plasma reagin test and treponema pallidum hemagglutination test, which were performed during the preoperative examination, were positive and led to a diagnosis of secondary syphilis. " 01/01/2021 - "Oral T pallidum detection was most frequent in those with secondary syphilis compared with those at other stages of disease (41 [44%] of 93 vs seven [7%] of 107; p<0·0001), and in men with rapid plasma reagin titres of 1/64 or higher compared with those with lower titres (37 [32%] of 117 vs 11 [13%] of 83; p=0·0026). " 07/09/2019 - "He was diagnosed as having secondary syphilis, because he was tested positive for the rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay. " 01/01/2018 - "Secondary syphilis: an atypical presentation complicated by a false negative rapid plasma reagin test." 11/01/2017 - "A rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test can be used to rule in secondary syphilis with high sensitivity and specificity. "
6.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "Although dosing schedules are still being worked out, ceftriaxone has been shown to be effective in both primary and secondary syphilis. " 08/01/2005 - "A study evaluating ceftriaxone as a treatment agent for primary and secondary syphilis in pregnancy." 08/01/2005 - "Ceftriaxone (250 mg) was given intramuscularly once daily for 7 and 10 days to patients with primary and secondary syphilis, respectively. " 01/01/1989 - "Ceftriaxone for the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis." 01/17/2021 - "We report a case of a 33-year-old male with secondary syphilis who was treated with ceftriaxone and subsequently developed fluid-refractory hypotension requiring vasopressor administration and intensive care unit admission. "
7.	MicroRNAs (MicroRNA)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Here, we analyze the differential expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between untreated secondary syphilis patients and healthy controls and study the correlation between miRNA expression and clinical features with bioinformatics. " 01/01/2021 - "244 miRNAs exhibited at least 1.0-fold differential expression between secondary syphilis patients and healthy controls. " 01/01/2021 - "Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the expression of miRNAs and the clinical data of secondary syphilis patients. " 01/01/2021 - "The expression profile of miRNAs was measured by microarray analysis in PBMCs of untreated secondary syphilis patients and healthy controls. " 01/01/2023 - "Exosome-derived miRNAs were isolated from peripheral plasma samples obtained from 20 patients with secondary syphilis (SS), SF, serologically cured syphilis (SC), and healthy controls (HC), and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified by microarray analysis. "
8.	Nucleic AcidsIBA 01/01/2018 - "Predominant themes in the presentations and discussion included the need for optimization of existing diagnostic tests, commercial availability, and Food and Drug Administration approval of nucleic acid amplification tests for primary and secondary syphilis, development of sensitive and specific new blood tests for diagnosis of active (vs treated) syphilis infection, clarification of the best measures for adequacy of response to treatment, continued study of complications of syphilis, including neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis, and development of a safe and effective vaccine that will protect against transmission and complications of disseminated infection (including congenital and neurosyphilis). "
9.	Doxycycline (Periostat)FDA LinkGeneric 04/12/2023 - "We present a case of a 54-year-old HIV-positive man with nodular secondary syphilis effectively treated with an empiric 2-week course of oral doxycycline. " 06/02/2021 - "In 2019, a further episode of secondary syphilis was treated with Doxycycline. " 10/01/2018 - "The JHR was less probable in early latent compared to primary/secondary syphilis (P = 0.04) and in patients treated with doxycycline compared to those treated with penicillin (P = 0.01). " 01/01/2014 - "Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups, except that, compared with penicillin group, doxycycline group had a lower proportion of patients with secondary syphilis (65.4% versus 41.5%, P<0.0001) and a higher proportion of patients with early latent syphilis (25.3% versus 49.6%, P<0.0001). " 08/01/2014 - "An HIV-infected male patient who had sex with men and with a penicillin allergy presented with liver dysfunction due to secondary syphilis and was successfully treated with doxycycline. "
10.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2021 - "pallidum infection and may be a potential biomarker for secondary syphilis." 01/01/2021 - "Genome-Wide MicroRNA Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Elevated miR-142-3p Expression as a Potential Biomarker for Secondary Syphilis." 07/01/2015 - "Symptoms and biochemical markers improved rapidly after treatment for secondary syphilis with oral steroids and intramuscular benzathine penicillin. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2009 - "On the basis of clinical history, clinical features and laboratory results, a diagnosis of secondary syphilis with an exclusive peno-scrotal localization was made and systemic therapy with diaminocillin was started that led to complete resolution of skin lesions and to significant reduction of sierologic values." 09/01/2013 - "The serological outcome of 249 patients with primary and secondary syphilis treated with standard or enhanced therapy was analyzed retrospectively; 98% (139/142) achieved serological cure with a single dosage and 92% with enhanced therapy (P=0.033). " 01/01/2018 - "A 44-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus positivity developed cerebral gumma 6 months after appropriate therapy for secondary syphilis. " 09/01/2013 - "Enhanced therapy for primary and secondary syphilis: a longitudinal retrospective analysis of cure rates and associated factors." 10/21/2004 - "Increases in the HIV viral load and reductions in the CD4 cell count were most substantial in men with secondary syphilis and those not receiving antiretroviral therapy. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2021 - "The skin lesions improved significantly 1 week after treatment, confirming a diagnosis of secondary syphilis with HIV. " 01/01/2017 - "Health counseling and safety education on sex activity should be intensified among HIV-infected patients and secondary syphilis patients after treatment." 02/01/1982 - "The distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations was studied in 34 patients with primary or secondary syphilis before and after treatment. " 03/01/1980 - "Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were studied in twenty one of secondary syphilis, before and after treatment. " 05/01/1976 - "Letter: Seroreversal after treatment of secondary syphilis."
3.	Injections 05/01/1946 - "Statistics concerning 310 cases of primary-secondary syphilis treated only by bismuth injections." 03/01/1951 - "[Treatment of primo-secondary syphilis with 15 million units of penicillin in a unique series preceded by mercuric cyanide injections]." 08/01/1957 - "[Report of ten years of therapy of primary and secondary syphilis with the authors' own method, consisting of three injections of mercuric cyanide followed by 15,000,000 units of penicillin]." 01/01/1957 - "[Massive penicillin therapy in single series preceded by 3 injections of mercuric cyanide in primary & secondary syphilis; status of the statistics after maximum regression of 9 1/2 years]." 11/01/1952 - "[Massive penicillin therapy in a single series preceded by three injections of mercuric cyanide in primo-secondary syphilis; statistics. "
4.	Oral Pathology 12/01/2014 - "Although serological studies are the primary tool used to confirm the diagnosis of secondary syphilis, biopsy of unsuspected oral lesions is not uncommon in the routine oral pathology laboratory. "
5.	Liver Transplantation 02/01/2021 - "Secondary syphilis with liver involvement in a liver transplant recipient." 09/01/2006 - "An unusual manifestation of secondary syphilis after orthotopic liver transplantation is described which confirms that lues should be considered in patients with immune deficiency and abnormal liver function tests." 09/01/2006 - "Secondary syphilis after liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature." 07/01/1983 - "Unusual manifestations of secondary syphilis occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation." 12/01/2007 - "We herein describe a case of secondary syphilis hepatitis in a liver transplant patient. "