Warfarin syndrome

01/01/2021 - "Both cases of warfarin embryopathy received >5 mg warfarin in the first trimester. "
10/15/2019 - "Warfarin-exposed zebrafish embryos resembles human warfarin embryopathy in a dose and developmental-time dependent manner - From molecular mechanisms to environmental concerns."
04/07/2018 - "We report the case of a newborn with signs of warfarin embryopathy born from a mother anticoagulated with warfarin due to mechanical mitral and aortic heart valves. "
04/07/2018 - "Low-dose warfarin maternal anticoagulation and fetal warfarin syndrome."
01/01/2017 - "Here, we present a case of a fetal warfarin syndrome in a second born child of a 27 year lady under warfarin for prosthetic heart valve. "

12/01/2004 - "To complement this data a cephalometric study of a child with untreated warfarin embryopathy was undertaken since a previous study in rats had shown warfarin exposure interferes with septal growth. "

07/01/2013 - "Two of the newborns of the 17 women who had received anticoagulants had features of warfarin embryopathy. "
01/01/2001 - "There is considerable evidence that warfarin embryopathy occurs only when oral anticoagulants are administered between the sixth week and the 12th week of gestation and that oral anticoagulants may not be fetopathic when administered in the first 6 weeks of gestation. "
01/01/2001 - "Oral anticoagulants are fetopathic, but the true risks of the warfarin embryopathy and CNS abnormalities remain unknown. "
11/01/1998 - "There is some evidence that warfarin embryopathy occurs only when oral anticoagulants are administered between the 6th and the 12th weeks of gestation and that oral anticoagulants may not be fetopathic when administered in the first 6 weeks of gestation. "
11/01/1998 - "Oral anticoagulants are fetopathic, but the true risks of the warfarin embryopathy and CNS abnormalities are unknown. "

08/01/1999 - "Although the warfarin embryopathy syndrome, with its neurologic and bone abnormalities, has been known for decades, the role of vitamin K in the brain has not been studied systematically. "
10/17/1997 - "Vitamin K deficiency embryopathy: a phenocopy of the warfarin embryopathy due to a disorder of embryonic vitamin K metabolism."
01/01/2020 - "Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are not recommended during pregnancy because warfarin (a first-generation VKA) is associated with a malformation syndrome "the fetal warfarin syndrome" (FWS). "
04/25/1988 - "The discovery that MGP is synthesized by growth plate cartilage could provide an explanation for the excessive growth plate mineralization disorder seen in rats treated with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin and the punctate mineralization of the growth plate seen in infants whose mothers received warfarin in the first trimester of pregnancy (the fetal warfarin syndrome). "
02/15/1997 - "The involvement of vitamin K metabolism and function in two well characterized birth defects, warfarin embryopathy and vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency, suggests that developmental signals from K-dependent pathways may be required for normal embryogenesis. "

05/01/1989 - "This patient confirms the localization of XLI, XLK, and CPXR to this region of the X chromosome and represents an example of a "contiguous gene syndrome." A comparison of the manifestations of patients with CPXR, warfarin embryopathy, and vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency shows a remarkable similarity. "
09/01/2010 - "Of the 24 patients, 8 met the specific diagnostic characteristics of BP. All 8 patients were evaluated in the genetics clinic at University of Iowa Children's Hospital, having diagnoses of vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency, Xp22.3 deletion with chondrodysplasia punctata, Stickler syndrome, fetal warfarin syndrome, Robinow syndrome, and unknown etiology. "
02/15/1997 - "The involvement of vitamin K metabolism and function in two well characterized birth defects, warfarin embryopathy and vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency, suggests that developmental signals from K-dependent pathways may be required for normal embryogenesis. "

02/01/1982 - "Clinical delineation of the warfarin embryopathy and the recent discovery of osteocalcin (a vitamin K-dependent bone protein) suggest that coumadin therapy could adversely affect the skeleton. "
10/01/2014 - "Undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, and periostin appear to be responsible for these defects which are also observed in cases of fetal warfarin syndrome."
10/01/1987 - "Therefore, by inference, the warfarin embryopathy is probably secondary to warfarin's primary pharmacologic effect (interference with vitamin K-dependent posttranslational carboxylation of glutamyl residues of various proteins) and may result from undercarboxylation of osteocalcin or other vitamin K-dependent bone proteins."

04/07/1995 - "A virtually identical phenotype is observed in the warfarin embryopathy, which is due to the teratogenic effects of coumarin derivatives during pregnancy. "
01/01/1980 - "All available cases (including unpublished ones) of warfarin embryopathy and central nervous system abnormalities following gestational exposure to coumarin derivatives are reviewed, various complications are tabulated, critical periods of teratogenesis are discussed and possible mechanisms proposed. "
10/01/1987 - "Association of congenital deficiency of multiple vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and the phenotype of the warfarin embryopathy: clues to the mechanism of teratogenicity of coumarin derivatives."

10/01/2010 - "Between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation, fetal synthesis of proteins crucial for bone and cartilage formation may be impaired by warfarin, resulting in the well-defined "warfarin embryopathy." One of the most commonly suggested regimens involves the substitution of heparin for warfarin between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation to minimize the risk of warfarin embryopathy. "
10/01/1987 - "Therefore, by inference, the warfarin embryopathy is probably secondary to warfarin's primary pharmacologic effect (interference with vitamin K-dependent posttranslational carboxylation of glutamyl residues of various proteins) and may result from undercarboxylation of osteocalcin or other vitamin K-dependent bone proteins."

09/01/2008 - "In the model, AC was low molecular weight heparin, given warfarin embryopathy risks. "
12/01/2022 - "It was found that 100% (n = 21) of the warfarin users had switched to low molecular weight heparin treatment due to concerns about warfarin embryopathy after the diagnosis of pregnancy, and only 14.2% (n = 3) of them had been monitorized with Antifactor Xa activity to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication. "

05/01/2012 - "Warfarin embryopathy may be avoided by stopping warfarin and switching to heparin when pregnancy is achieved or as soon as possible after conception. "
10/01/2010 - "Between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation, fetal synthesis of proteins crucial for bone and cartilage formation may be impaired by warfarin, resulting in the well-defined "warfarin embryopathy." One of the most commonly suggested regimens involves the substitution of heparin for warfarin between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation to minimize the risk of warfarin embryopathy. "

10/01/2018 - "Warfarin embryopathy: Balancing maternal and fetal risks with anticoagulation therapy."
07/01/2015 - "Warfarin therapy may bring about severe consequences including warfarin embryopathy associated with maternal warfarin ingestion, warfarin resistance, excessive anticoagulation and warfarin reversal. "
01/01/1991 - "[Warfarin embryopathy in maternal coumarin therapy for protein S deficiency]."
01/01/2008 - "It was reported to occur in congenital cardiovascular diseases, Keutel syndrome, chondroplasia punctata, warfarin embryopathy, and warfarin sodium therapy. "
02/01/1982 - "Clinical delineation of the warfarin embryopathy and the recent discovery of osteocalcin (a vitamin K-dependent bone protein) suggest that coumadin therapy could adversely affect the skeleton. "

05/01/2012 - "Maternal complications included mitral valve thrombosis (n = 4), atrial fibrillation (n = 8), infective endocarditis (n = 6), caesarean section wound haematomas (n = 7), broad ligament haematoma (n = 1) and warfarin embryopathy (n = 4). "