Harlequin syndrome

A condition characterized by flushing and sweating restricted to one side of the chest, neck, or face in the absence of stimuli or in response to heat or exercise. It may be caused by injury of sympathetic neurons in the CILIARY GANGLION.

Also Known As:

Networked: 33 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Flushing
2.	Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3.	Miosis
4.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Caetano, Francisca: 1 article (01/2022)
2.	Fisher, Richard: 1 article (01/2022)
3.	Ledot, Stephane: 1 article (01/2022)
4.	Patel, Brijesh: 1 article (01/2022)
5.	Price, Susanna: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Soliman-Aboumarie, Hatem: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	Vandenbriele, Christophe: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Wilson, James: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Gónzalez-López, Marcos A: 1 article (11/2021)
10.	López-Sundh, Ana Elizabet: 1 article (11/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Harlequin syndrome:

1.	Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2022 - "We report the first documented case of Harlequin syndrome following the use of liposomal bupivacaine, in which a patient developed symptoms five hours after a bilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) block with liposomal bupivacaine before partial sternectomy. " 08/01/2022 - "Harlequin Syndrome Following Regional Liposomal Bupivacaine Use in a Partial Sternectomy." 08/01/2012 - "Harlequin syndrome after extrapleural bupivacaine infusion."
2.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 02/01/2016 - "Botulinum toxin for treatment of Harlequin syndrome." 01/01/2017 - "Medical or surgical treatments are not required for idiopathic Harlequin syndrome, but social and psychological factors may indicate sympathectomy or botulinum toxin injection. " 02/01/2016 - "We described a patient with Harlequin syndrome, a rare neurological condition, characterized by unilateral facial sweating and flushing, who had a good response to botulinum toxin application. "
3.	General AnestheticsIBA 10/01/2002 - "Harlequin syndrome following internal jugular vein catheterization in an adult under general anesthetic."
4.	Cholinergic Agents (Cholinergics)IBA 12/01/1993 - "The finding of cholinergic supersensitivity in the iris muscles of patients with harlequin syndrome indicates a relationship with Holmes-Adie syndrome, Ross's syndrome, and the persistent autonomic deficit occasionally associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome."
5.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Harlequin syndrome is a curious phenomenon in which one half of the face fails to flush during thermal or emotional stress as a result of damage to vasodilator sympathetic fibers. "
6.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2021 - "Successful treatment of idiopathic Harlequin Syndrome with oxybutynin and propranolol."
7.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 06/01/2014 - "Harlequin syndrome is often easily treated by discontinuing the anesthetic or adjusting placement of the epidural catheter."
8.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 07/01/2022 - "We believe that the different distribution states of analgesic drugs after entering the spinal canal can promote Harlequin syndrome to manifest in different body parts."
9.	oxybutynin (Tavor)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2021 - "Successful treatment of idiopathic Harlequin Syndrome with oxybutynin and propranolol."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 11/01/2023 - ""Partial" Harlequin Syndrome in Central Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation." 01/01/2022 - "Harlequin Syndrome (also known as North-South Syndrome) is a complication of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) that can occur when left ventricular function starts to recover. " 01/01/2020 - "As a result of the Harlequin syndrome, all these patients required conversion to veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. " 01/01/2020 - "Harlequin syndrome was identified in eight cases (six men and two women; 13.3%) of the 60 venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-supported patients. " 01/01/2020 - "The Harlequin syndrome is a complication observed in patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. "
2.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies) 01/01/2023 - "Hereafter, we describe our experience in successfully curing right-sided Harlequin syndrome through video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy." 01/01/2023 - "Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for Harlequin syndrome." 07/01/2011 - "Treatment of Harlequin syndrome by costotransversectomy and sympathectomy: case report." 05/01/2016 - "Harlequin syndrome (HS) is a rare autonomic disorder due to a hemifacial cutaneous sympathetic denervation. " 12/30/2007 - "With this in mind, Case 1 can be described as harlequin syndrome resembling Ross syndrome, Case 2 as harlequin syndrome with normal ocular sympathetic innervation, Case 3 as harlequin sign with congenital Horner syndrome, Case 4 as harlequin sign with sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation sensitivity, and Case 5 as harlequin syndrome associated with occult sympathetic denervation sensitivity. "
3.	Epidural Anesthesia 01/01/2018 - "Harlequin syndrome as a rare complication after epidural anesthesia in an obstetric patient." 01/01/2017 - "Development of Harlequin Syndrome following placement of thoracic epidural anesthesia in a pediatric patient undergoing Nuss procedure." 06/01/2014 - "Harlequin syndrome as a complication of epidural anesthesia." 06/01/2014 - "Sudden onset of facial flushing related to harlequin syndrome developed in a patient who had bilateral lung transplant with postoperative epidural anesthesia for pain control. "
4.	Catheters 01/01/2023 - "Management considerations post ECMO initiation include systemic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis, left ventricle unloading strategies to augment myocardial recovery, prevention of limb ischemia with a distal perfusion catheter in cases of femoral arterial cannulation, and prevention of other complications such as hemolysis, air embolism, and Harlequin syndrome. " 06/01/2014 - "Harlequin syndrome is often easily treated by discontinuing the anesthetic or adjusting placement of the epidural catheter."
5.	Nerve Block (Nerve Blocks) 01/01/2018 - "Isolated Harlequin Syndrome Following Brachial Plexus Nerve Block via Interscalene Approach: A Case Report." 01/01/2018 - "This article describes an occurrence of harlequin syndrome without observed ptosis or miosis following a postoperative interscalene nerve block." 02/01/2016 - "We present a case of Harlequin syndrome without Horner syndrome in a patient with unilateral right-sided facial flushing that started shortly after a left-sided thoracic paravertebral nerve block for a mastectomy. "