choto-san

composed of 11 herbs: Gypsum fibrosum, Aurantii Nobilis pericarpium, Ophiopogonis tuber, Pinelliae tuber, Hoelen, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Ginseng radix, Ledebouriellae radix, Chrysanthemi flos, Glycyrrhizae radix and Zingiberis rhizoma; improves memory impairment

Also Known As:

Networked: 32 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Matsumoto, Kinzo: 12 articles (11/2017 - 06/2003)
2.	Zhao, Qi: 7 articles (01/2013 - 06/2003)
3.	Murakami, Yukihisa: 7 articles (12/2007 - 06/2003)
4.	Tohda, Michihisa: 7 articles (12/2007 - 06/2003)
5.	Shimada, Yutaka: 5 articles (12/2007 - 01/2003)
6.	Watanabe, Hiroshi: 5 articles (10/2005 - 06/2003)
7.	Sasaki-Hamada, Sachie: 4 articles (11/2017 - 01/2013)
8.	Niu, Yimin: 4 articles (02/2015 - 10/2012)
9.	Chen, Lei: 3 articles (02/2019 - 03/2016)
10.	Feng, Feng: 3 articles (02/2019 - 03/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Vascular Dementia (Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy) 11/01/1999 - "These results suggest that Choto-san is effective in the treatment of vascular dementia. " 03/01/1997 - "These results suggest that Choto-san is effective in the treatment of vascular dementia." 11/01/1999 - "Two different multicenter studies on the efficacy of Choto-san on patients with vascular dementia, one a well-controlled but non-double blind (60 patients), the other a double-blind controlled study (139 patients), were performed. " 11/01/2017 - "Low-quality evidence was suggestive of Choto-san's efficacy for vascular dementia, but the present results may be overestimated. " 02/01/2019 - "Recent studies suggested that Chotosan has ameliorative effects on vascular dementia through antioxidative pathways. "
2.	Cognitive Dysfunction 11/01/2017 - "The present review aimed to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of Choto-san in the treatment of adults with cognitive impairment. " 09/15/2016 - "Chotosan improves Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses through the inhibition of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in mice." 07/01/2005 - "Using a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model, we investigated the effect of Choto-san on cognitive dysfunction in mice to clarify its mechanism of actions. " 11/01/2017 - "We included randomized controlled trials comparing Choto-san with placebo for patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. " 01/01/2004 - "These results indicate that Choto-san improves electrophysiological indices related to attention and decision making, in addition to neuropsychological test scores in stroke patients with mild cognitive impairments."
3.	Ischemia 09/01/2004 - "Protective effects of Choto-san and hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis against delayed neuronal death after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbil." 01/01/2003 - "The results of this study indicated that Choto-san prevents delayed neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region after ischemia. " 10/01/2005 - "These results suggest that the preventive effect of chotosan on transient ischemia-induced learning impairment is mainly attributable to the effect of Uncaria and that the ameliorative effect is mediated by stimulation of muscarinic M1 receptor." 06/01/2003 - "Pretreatment with Choto-san (0.75-6.0 g/kg po), a component herb, Chotoko (75-600 mg/kg po), and indole alkaloids and phenolic fractions of Chotoko prevented ischemia-induced impairment of spatial learning behaviour in water maze performance of mice. " 01/01/2005 - "These results suggest that simultaneous induction of cellular antioxidant defense systems by Choto-sam and its related constituents may be an important mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Choto-san on ischemia-induced neuronal cells injury, and the characteristics of the stimulative effects of phenolic compounds were depend on enzymes."
4.	Glioma (Gliomas) 12/01/2007 - "Chotosan enhances macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA expression in the ischemic rat brain and C6Bu-1 glioma cells." 12/01/2007 - "In this study, we investigated the effect of chotosan, an oriental medicine, which has been clinically demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of vascular dementia, on M-CSF gene expression in rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (P2VO) in vivo and in a C6Bu-1 glioma cell line in vitro. " 12/01/2007 - "Moreover, the present in vitro studies revealed that chotosan treatment (10-100 mug/ml) of C6Bu-1 glioma cells dose-dependently enhanced M-CSF mRNA expression without affecting the expression of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNAs. "
5.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 02/01/2015 - "Chemical profiling with HPLC-FTMS of exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of chotosan in an animal model of type 2 diabetes-induced dementia." 10/20/2012 - "Chotosan ameliorates cognitive and emotional deficits in an animal model of type 2 diabetes: possible involvement of cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF mechanisms in the brain."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	choto-san
2.	Antioxidants
3.	Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
4.	Cholinergic Agents (Cholinergics)
5.	Enzymes
6.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
7.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
8.	Neuroprotective Agents
9.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
10.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo)
2.	East Asian Traditional Medicine (Oriental Medicine)
3.	Traditional Medicine (Folk Remedies)
4.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
5.	Oral Administration